初中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞難點(diǎn)解析及練習(xí).doc

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞難點(diǎn)解析1. 使役動(dòng)詞 用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)makehave sb. do sth. “使/讓某人做某事” let 例：He made me laugh 他讓我發(fā)笑。 Please have him come here. 請(qǐng)叫他到這里來(lái)。 Dont let him do all these things alone. 別讓他一個(gè)人做這些事情。 注： 這種用法中，當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略了to要還原，例： He always makes his sister cry,but today he was made to cry by his sister. The students are often made _ (take) different extra classes after school.He was often heard _ (sing) English songs. 用過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ) make have sb/sth. done 使某事被做； 使某人被 let 注意： 此種情況中，做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞與前面的賓語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 例：She has her hair washed everyday. The room is old, we must have it repainted. His English is not very well,so he cannot make himself understood by the foreigners very well.對(duì)比： She has her hair washed everyday. (叫別人洗) She washed her hair everyday. （自己洗）1.-Didyouhaveanyone_thehouse？ -yes,Ihavegotthehouse_well A.toclean,clean B.cleancleaned C.toclean,cleaned2.His mothers bike is broken. She will have it _(repair). 用adj.做賓補(bǔ) make sb/sth. adj. 使某人/某事怎么樣或處于某種狀態(tài) 例： Helping others can make us happier. I like my Chinese teacher. He always makes his classes _(interest).另：注意have 表示“有”時(shí)，常用to do 做賓補(bǔ): have sth to do 如： I have something to tell you. I have no new clothes to wear. to do sth. ?？捎脕?lái)表示行為的目的，做目的狀語(yǔ) 如： To get a healthy body, you must take more exercise. He do many part-time jobs to make more money. 2. 感觀動(dòng)詞 用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ) hear/see/find sb doing sth. 聽(tīng)/看見(jiàn)/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事（動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） hear/see/find sb do sth. 聽(tīng)/看見(jiàn)/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做了某事（動(dòng)作已完成，或看/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事的全過(guò)程 經(jīng)?？?聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事注意：當(dāng)感觀動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓被若為省略了to的動(dòng)詞不定式，則要把to還原.例： Every moring he was seen to dance on the playground. Jim noticed a purse _(lie) on the ground on his way to school.The boy saw a basket _(hang) in the tree.When the teacher came in，I noticed him _(smile).He was often heard _(sing) English songs. 用 adj.做賓補(bǔ) find sb./sth. + adj. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物怎么樣 或處于某狀態(tài)例：I find Sichuan Dish very delicious.When I came back home, I found the door closed.He didnt pass the exam.I found him _(frustrate)3. 形式主語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ) (當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，通常用it 做形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí))“it + be + 表語(yǔ)（形容詞 / 名詞）+ to do sth.” 形式主語(yǔ) 真正的主語(yǔ) 例 It is my duty to take care that patient. 照料那位病人是我的職責(zé)。（做主語(yǔ)的不定式to take care that patient 后置，it 為形式主語(yǔ)）It is not an easy thing to learn a foreign language well.掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不是件容易的事。It isnt right to give up your dream when you meet some difficulties. 碰到一些困難就放棄自己的夢(mèng)想是不對(duì)的。 make(find/think/feel等) + it adj./n. to do sth. 形式賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 真正的賓語(yǔ) 例：Marx found it important to listen to music at least ten minutes a day. I felt it an honour to be inviteed to give a speech here. Never give up, and youll make it possible to realize what you dream of some day.4. 動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)與祈使句的區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞與后面接的賓語(yǔ)一起充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，后面一定有擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。祈使句是省略了主語(yǔ)的陳述句，主語(yǔ)一般是you，所以一般是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的，后面接的是作賓語(yǔ)的名詞。 開(kāi)關(guān)的動(dòng)詞原形就是這句話的謂語(yǔ)。 Spending more time on your weak subject is a good way to improve it. Spend more time on your weak subject, and youll improve it some day. 辨一辨：_(keep) fit is not a easy job for some people._(keep) fit and youll find your life more energetic._(keep) fit he eats vegetable and fruit and plays sports everyday.5. 過(guò)去分短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞的后面做后置定語(yǔ)，與前面被修飾的詞間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The boy named John is my friend.那個(gè)叫約翰的男孩是我朋友。 = whose name is JohnI like reading the novels written by Mark Twain.我喜歡讀馬克吐溫寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)。 = that/which are written by Mark Twain Do you the cat _ (name) Garfield? Have you heard of the musical _(call) The Phantom Of the Opera.? Do you like the film _(direct) by Feng Xiaogang? Exercises 1( )1. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow( )2.The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play( )3.It takes me 30 minutes_to school bu bike evey day. A.going B.to go C.goes D.go( )4.Its not easy_us _ a foreign language. A.for; learning B.of; learning C.of; to learn D.for; to learn( )5.Children find _interesting to play computer games. A.that B.which C.it D.he( )6.Do you think it important_computer well? A.play B.plays C.to play D.playing( )7.Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day？ A. this B.that C.it D.he( )8. I had my watch _ yesterday. A repair B repaired C to repair D repairing( )9.He often has us _ many exercises after class.A.do B to do C done D doing( )10. I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this morning.A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming( )11. -“Did you close the door?” -“Yes, I remember _ it.” A. to close B. to closing C. closing D. closed( )12. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back( )13. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing( )14. My brother regretted _ a lesson taught by Professor Liu. A. missing B. to miss C. missed D. being missed( )15. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour. A. having B. to have C. taking D. to taking( )16. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him. A. to write and listen B. writing and listening C. to write and listening D. writing and to listen( )17. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _. A. to cut B. to be cut it C. cutting D. being cut( )18. You didnt need _ him the news; it just made him sad. A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. that you would tell( )19. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside yet. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living( )20. A very well-known person _ in this house. A. is used to live B. used to live C. is used to living D. used to living( )21. Missing the train means _ for an hour. A. to wait B. to be waited C. being waited D. waiting( )22. I meant _ you, but I was so busy. A. to call on B. calling on C. to call at D. calling at( )23. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well. A. practising speak B. practising speaking C. practising to speak D. to practise spoken( )24. During the World War 2, they were made _ work as tired as dogs. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked( )25. I have three math papers _ tonight. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done( )26. I hope _ him as soon as possible. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to have seen( )27. She told me that she had decided _ again. A. be not late B. not be late C. not to be late D. to be not late( )28. Tom, have you had your computer _ yet? A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D.repaired( )29. They think it _ to see him in the party. A . surprise B. surprising C.surprised D. to surprise( )30. We found the window _ when we came back from the playground. A. open B. opening C. opened D. to openExercises 21. I found the door _ (close) when I got home.2. _ (take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.3. _ (take) good care of the vegetables is not a easy thing for me.4. _ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.5. You dont need _ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.6. We havent yet decided whether _ (get) there by bus or by bike.7. Its too cold. Lets make a fire _ (warm) ourselves up.8. I often hear people _ (say) “_(see) is _ (believe)”.9. We are looking forward to _ (meet) a new classmate from America.10. Its very kind of you_ (tell) me about it.11. I dont think it easy for her _ (finish) the work in two days.12. Look! There is a pet dog _ (lie) on the ground. Lets go and play with it.1. Would you like to have dinner with me? Sorry, I have a lot of housework . A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done2. I tried to make Kate her mind, but I found it hard. Well, I s