常用英語(yǔ)數(shù)字的翻譯方法.doc

常用英語(yǔ)數(shù)字的翻譯方法英語(yǔ)中的有些數(shù)詞在漢譯時(shí)可以等值翻譯。但是，也有不少數(shù)詞在漢譯中不能等值翻譯，或者完全不譯出來(lái)。這種翻譯處理方法是為了使?jié)h譯句子能符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。以下分別舉例說(shuō)明。（1）等值翻譯：a drop in the ocean滄海一粟within a stones throw一箭之遙ki11 two birds with one stone一箭雙雕A fall into the pit， a gain in your wit.。吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。（2）不等值翻譯：at sixes and sevens亂七八糟on second thoughts再三考慮by ones and twos兩兩地，零零落落地Two heads are better than one.三個(gè)臭皮匠勝過(guò)諸葛亮。-Can you come down a little？ -Sorry， its one price for all.你能便宜一點(diǎn)賣(mài)嗎？對(duì)不起，不二價(jià)。He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine.他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。（3）不必譯出One mans meat is another mans poison.人各有所好。Ill love you three score and ten.我會(huì)一輩子愛(ài)你的。Ten to one he has forgotten it.很可能他已經(jīng)忘了。His mark in math is second to none in the class.他的數(shù)學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)在班上是名列前茅的。She is a second Lei Feng.她是雷鋒式的人物。I always believe my sixth sense.我總相信我的直覺(jué)。He talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chitchat.每次我們閑聊他幾乎都談及你。The parson official1y pronounced that they became one.牧師正式宣告他們成婚。I used to study in France in the year one.我早年曾在法國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。不定冠詞a的翻譯特點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)中不定冠詞a（an）相當(dāng)活躍，就連英美的作家有時(shí)對(duì)它也看法不一?，F(xiàn)用實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明在翻譯中常出現(xiàn)的一些非常規(guī)用法。（1）a day or two（one or two days）一兩天但前者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可；后者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（2）more than a year一年多的時(shí)間（即一年零幾個(gè)月）；比較more than one year不止一年的時(shí)間（即兩年。三年）。（3）a ten years l0年a dozen times l2次用在基數(shù)詞前表示一個(gè)數(shù)量單位。（4）once upon a time從前for a time暫時(shí)in a sense從某種意義上說(shuō)in a measure有幾分在某些口語(yǔ)中作“某一”“某些”講。（5）A cow is a domestic animal母牛是家畜。主語(yǔ)中的a表示any“任何一個(gè)”，所以a可以表示一般性，代表全體。（6）be of an age同歲we are just of an age.我們恰好是同歲。（7）once a year一年一次three times a day一日三次其中的a近似于per， each，very用于計(jì)算價(jià)錢(qián)、時(shí)間和速度。（8）have a look看一看need a wash洗一洗a good knowledge豐富的知識(shí)a crashing of gears變速箱發(fā)出的一陣陣碰撞聲a screeching of tyres剎車(chē)時(shí)汽車(chē)輪胎發(fā)出刺耳的響聲a有在與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞前或名詞化的動(dòng)名詞前，表示一定的量或一些響聲。（9）We need a Washington ioday.今天我們需要像華盛頓那樣的人物。The city is a London in miniature.那個(gè)城市就像是個(gè)“小倫敦”。a可以表示借喻，表示“和相似的人、事或地方。（10）I have got a complete Shakespeare at hand.我手頭有莎士比亞全集。My wife is a Stuart.我的妻子是斯圖亞特家的人。A Mr.Smith called this morning.有位叫史密斯的先生今天早上來(lái)過(guò)電話(huà)。His father bought an Uuderwood last week.上周他父親買(mǎi)了臺(tái)安德伍德牌打字機(jī)。a可用在作家、畫(huà)家、名家、發(fā)明家前表示其作品，用在姓氏前表示某家族的一員或不認(rèn)識(shí)的姓。（11）He settled in a China which every orie knows to have been completely changed for two years. 他在大家都知道的已經(jīng)完全改變了面貌的中國(guó)定居了兩年。a用在帶有定語(yǔ)的專(zhuān)有名詞前，表示情況的改變。（12）a glass一只玻璃杯 - glass玻璃a hot coal一塊燒紅的煤-coal煤a heavy rain一陣大雨-rain雨a用在物質(zhì)名詞前，使物質(zhì)名詞變成普通名詞（13）It is a bOther to me.這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是件麻煩事。She is an honour to her school，她是個(gè)為母校增光的人。a用在抽象名詞前，使抽象名詞變?yōu)槠胀~。（14）a new moon一輪新月（c.f. the moon月亮）a world like ours像我們這樣的世界（c.f. the world世界）原本the的名詞改用a后，表示某種狀態(tài)。（15）a red and black skirt一條紅黑相間的裙子（一條）a red and a black skirt一條紅裙和一條黑裙（二條）兩個(gè)詞同指一物或一人時(shí)只用一個(gè)a，指兩件物品或兩個(gè)人時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞分別用a我整理的英漢漢英翻譯英翻中fellow countrymen 同胞？militarist軍閥？Chinese Communist Party 黨組織he Grand Canal （京杭）大運(yùn)河？Industrial Revolution 工業(yè)革命？down to dark從早到晚especially English 具有英國(guó)特征的cottage industry 農(nóng)村手工業(yè)？Indian summer 最后的余輝stock-raising 畜牧業(yè)？Homestead Act 宅地法？wild west 西部荒原the gold rush 淘金熱？basic occupation 基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)？Department of Agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)the Nile Delta 尼羅河三角洲coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型氣候surveyor general 測(cè)量總監(jiān)？sovereign nation 主權(quán)國(guó)家？aggregate output 總產(chǎn)量coastal area 沿海地區(qū)？telephone connections 電話(huà)用戶(hù)？economic well-being 生活水平two way trade 雙向貿(mào)易？lucrative export market 出口市場(chǎng)？foreign exchange 外匯sum total 總數(shù)？per capita 人均？GNP 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值joint ventures 合資企業(yè)？net income 凈收入？world investment system世界投資體系the stock of foreign investment 外資存量？major economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)the stimulus， the technology and the funding 動(dòng)力、技術(shù)和資金international trade and investment 國(guó)際貿(mào)易和投資？popular science 科普讀物Arctic seas 北冰洋？vegetable oil 植物油？mineral oil煤油internal combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)warfare on land and sea 陸戰(zhàn)和海戰(zhàn)minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋動(dòng)植物？crude oil 原油？sedimentary rocks 沉積巖pitch lake 瀝青湖？superhighway 高速公路？living organism 生物體applied entomology 應(yīng)用昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)？environmental Law環(huán)保法？wildlife 野生生物freedom from noise pollution 無(wú)噪聲污染？Act 法？amendment 修正案？ 轉(zhuǎn)貼于bill 議案？hearing 聽(tīng)證會(huì)？lobby 院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)？universal copyright convention 世界版權(quán)公約a system of copyright protection 版權(quán)保護(hù)制度？Contracting States 成員國(guó)Director-General 總干事mean temperature 平均溫度Chinas “most important historical sites” 全國(guó)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物the cultural relics文物mutual prosperity 相互繁榮international trade 世界貿(mào)易bilateral trade雙邊貿(mào)易commercial and financial relationships 貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)economic performance/reform經(jīng)濟(jì)改革economic course經(jīng)濟(jì)道路？employment 就業(yè)？food production 食品加工heavy industries 重工業(yè)financial services sector 金融服務(wù)foreign exchange dealing 外匯交易the international community國(guó)際社會(huì)foreign funds外國(guó)資金domestic competition 國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)multilateral disciplines多邊規(guī)定a part-time river 季節(jié)性河流oil-burning lamps油燈science of biological control 生物控制學(xué)new areas of thought新的思維空間a warm-blooded animal 恒溫動(dòng)物grant a license頒發(fā)許可證strip mining 露天采礦offshore oil drilling 近海石油鉆探waste disposal 廢物處理national life國(guó)民生計(jì)enacting legislation立法remaining open land尚未開(kāi)發(fā)的土地a system of copyright protection版權(quán)保護(hù)制度policies of reform and opening to the outside world改革開(kāi)放政策national lives人民生活national security policies國(guó)家安全政策中翻英流派school文學(xué)家man of letters文學(xué)界literary circle欺世盜名glory-seeking新民主主義New Democracy五四運(yùn)動(dòng)The May 4th Movement反帝國(guó)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)anti-imperialist movement反封建運(yùn)動(dòng)anti-feudal movement辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911初步共產(chǎn)主義思想rudiments of communist ideology六三運(yùn)動(dòng) June 3rd Movement文化革命 the cultural revolution小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子petty-bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals in the cities市民階級(jí) the urban intelligentsia五卅運(yùn)動(dòng) May 30th Movement in 1925北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) the Northern Expedition北洋軍閥政府 the Northern Warlord government右翼 right wing民族危機(jī) national crisis巴黎和會(huì) the Paris Peace Conference故宮博物館 the Imperial Palace/ the Palace Museum故宮Old Palace天安門(mén)Tian An Men Gate太廟 The Imperial Ancestral Temple中山公園 the Sun Yat-Sen Park磚木結(jié)構(gòu) wood and brick太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony午門(mén) the Meridian Gate外朝 the Outer Palace內(nèi)廷 the Inner Court金水橋 the Golden Water Bridge太和門(mén) the Gate of Supreme Harmony中和殿 the Hall of Complete Harmony保和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony御花園 the imperial garden白塔 the White Dagoba琉璃瓦 glazed tiles糧食自給率 self-sufficiency rate of grain凈進(jìn)口量net import rate消費(fèi)量consumption quantity農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源 Natural agricultural resources生產(chǎn)條件 production condition技術(shù)水平technical level耕地cultivated land單位面積per unit area復(fù)種指數(shù) the multiple crop index內(nèi)陸水域 inland waters水產(chǎn)品 aquatic products集約化intensification木本植物 arbor foodstuffs知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) labour intensive industries貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系 commercial and financial ties中國(guó)少年兒童出版社 China Children Press兒童文學(xué) Childrens Literature絲綢之路 the Silk Road井地之蛙 a frog at the bottom of a well落湯雞 like a drowned rate陸地自然資源 land natural resources淡水資源 freshwater resources礦產(chǎn)資源 mineral resources大陸岸線 mainland coastline島嶼岸線islands coastline聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea中國(guó)海域 Chinas sea areas淺海 shallow seas人工養(yǎng)殖 aquatic products沉積盆地sedimentation basin中國(guó)沿海Chinas coasts深水岸線 deep-water stretch of coast可再生能源regenerable energy resources全球生命支持系統(tǒng)the global bio-support system全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì) National Peoples Congress中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng) Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作 international economic cooperation技術(shù)交流 technological exchange經(jīng)濟(jì)組織 economic organization外國(guó)合營(yíng)者 foreign joint venturer平等互利的原則 the principle of equality and mutual benefit and subject公共利益 public interest有限責(zé)任公司 limited liability company對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門(mén) States competent department in charge of foreign economic relations and trade工商行政管理主管部門(mén) the States competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照 business license注冊(cè)資本 registered capital合營(yíng)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)期間 in its practicing deception董事會(huì) a board of directors董事長(zhǎng) chairman企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 the ventures development plans生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)方案 proposals for production and business operations收支預(yù)算 the budg