實驗班提優(yōu)訓(xùn)練.doc

_八、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣I.情態(tài)動詞基本用法情態(tài)動詞用 法否定式疑問式簡答式can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do Maydo?Yes,may. No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo?Yes,mightNo,might not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉will not/wont doWill/Woulddo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare.No,darent.need需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.II.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/couldA computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. might not表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could?或might？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustnt表示禁止，不許可）。Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_A. will B. could C. may D. mightJohnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont/cant B. mustnt/may C. shouldnt/must D. cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly butEveryone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D.was able to表示“推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以cant時用以代替mustnt，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?needneed作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。daredare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare come, I will kick him out. I dont know whether hedare say.注意:He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。You shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾He shall be punished.威脅should勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/ would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）would表示估計或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there?情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+ have done：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。He cannot have been to that town.can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推測）虛擬語氣類 別用 法例 句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free, I would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had, should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.Were I you, I would not do it.Had I been free, I would have visited you.混合虛擬條件句不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.含蓄虛擬條件句but for+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。-But for your timely warning, we _ into great trouble.-You know were friends.A. would get B. must have got C. would have gotD. cant have gotwithout+名詞虛擬條件Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.動詞不定式虛擬條件It would be only partly right to follow in this way.現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.過去分詞表示虛擬條件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you. 連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件He _fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 其它狀語從句as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或haddone或wouldcouldmightdo。注意：as if/ though引導(dǎo)從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當(dāng)說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時：It sounds as if it is raining聽起來像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。與現(xiàn)在事實相反He talks as if he knew where she was與過去事實相反He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.與將來事實相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doTurn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+doHe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.主語從句在It is necessary / important / strange thatIt is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that等從句中，謂語動詞用should+doIt is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中It is time that句型中動詞用過去式或should+doIts high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spoke C. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could go C. have goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should you C. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. were C. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed23._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 1.Haditnotbeenfortheheavyfog,you_（就看到了美麗的塔）inthedistanceeasilylastTuesday.(see) 2.Were_（下雨）tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.(rain) 3.Whichdoctor_（你建議請來）immediately?(suggest) 4.It_(一定下著大雨)whenhegotbackhome,forhewaswetallover.(rain) 5.Whatapity! We_(寧愿聽取)ourteachersadviceyesterday.(wouldrather) 6.I_(本想?yún)⒓?yourparty,butIhadtoworkextrahourstoprepareaspeech.(wouldlike) 7.Withalittlemorecareyou_(能避免)thistrafficaccident.(avoid) 8.Whenthepolicetookthesuspecttothepolicestation,heinsistedthathe_(沒偷)theladyspurseandthathe_(釋放).(steal,set) 9.HowIwishI_(被錄取了)thekeyuniversity.(admit). 10.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday,I_(本不需要那么麻煩)tocarrymyumbrellawithme.(take) 11.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_ (提高20%).(raise) 12.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_(斷了).(break) 13.Many coal mine accidents_(本來可以避免的)if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)14.Look what mistakes Ive made, If only I_(聽你的勸告).(follow)15. _(萬一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(fire)16.Luckily wed brought a map with us, _(沒有它我們就會迷了路).(without)17.He would have helped us but that he_(沒時間)at that time.18.The suggestion that the mayor_(發(fā)獎)has been accepted by everyone.(present) 19.Itishightimethatwe_(采取措施)protecttheenvironment.(measure) 20.He_help you (本來打算),but he had no time.(mean)21.If the weather had been more favorable , the crop_(會長得更好)now. (grow)22.What I advise is that_(你們要安靜)。(quiet)Keys: 15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD 2123 DBC 1. would have seen the beautiful tower 2. it to rain 3. do you suggest be sent for 4. must have been raining 5. would rather have taken 6. would like to have attended 7. could have avoided 8. didnt steal, be set free 9. had been admitted to 10. neednt have taken the trouble 11. be raised by 20 percent 12. were broken 13could have been avoided14.had followed your advice15.If you should be fired/ Should you be fired16.without which I would have got lost17.had no time 18.should present the prize 19.should take/took measures20.had meant to 21.would be growing better 22.you should be quiet語法填空：1. IwouldratherTom_(come)tomorrow.2.Itseemsasifit_(be)winternow.3.Whatwouldhavehappenedifyou_(nothelp)herchild？4.Itisstrangethathe_(think)so.5.IwishI_(meet)myuncleyesterday.6.Galileoinsistedthattheearth_(move)thesun.7.Supposingtheweather_(be)bad,wherewouldyougo?8.Butforyourhelp,Icouldnt_(find)theplace.9.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenedifthere_(be)nolightintheday?10.Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI_(go)totheparty.11.Withoutyourhelptheoldman_(notlive)now.12.Itishightimeyou_(take)themedicine,sir.13.I wish I _( attend) the meeting yesterday.14.I wish I _(can) fly.15.He wished he _(not fall) in love with her before.16. I would rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.17.I would rather she _(not do) that.18.If only I _(take) your advice.19. If only I _(be) a bird!20. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do) it. 21. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. 22. Dont handle the vase as if it _(be) made of steel. 23. If he _ (follow) my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. 24. We took a taxi to the lecture hall. Otherwise we _ (be) late for the meeting. 25. If we _ (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 單句改錯：1. If I was you, I would run faster.2. If I live near my office, I would walk to work.3. I know nothing about the film. If I knew about it, I will tell you.4. If she worked hard enough, she would have passed the English exam.5. If it were not rain tomorrow, they might go to the Great Wall.6. If it were not for the fact that she couldnt sing, I would invite her to the party.7. Should the weather fine, we might go on a trip.8. She was very busy yesterday, otherwise she would come to the meeting.9. I wish I was as tall as you.10. How I wish I can pay a visit to Paris.11. He wishes that he studied French instead Japanese in the college.12. I would rather you pay me now.13. Its high time that we go to bed.14. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I followed your advice.15. If you asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.16. He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly.1. came 2. were 3. hadnt helped 4. should think 5. had met 6. moves 7. were 8. have found9. were 10. would have gone 11. wouldnt lives 12. took 13. had attended 14. could 15. hadnt fallen 16. pointed 17. hadnt done 18. had taken 19. were 20. had done 21.should 22 .were 23.had followed 24.would have been 25.had booked1. waswere 2. livelived 3. willwould 4. she+ had 5. not+ to 6. couldnt cant7. weather+ be 8. would + have 9. waswere 10. cancould 11. insteadof 12. paypaid 13. gowent 14. I + had 15. you+ had 16. he + had1.were2.couldwalk3.(should)do4.ended5.It6.(should).take7wouldbedestroyed8.it9.istaken10.willimprove11.wouldbecome 1Should 2Can3cant4werent5wouldbef