初升高英語銜接班第6講.doc

【同步教育信息】一. 本周教學內(nèi)容初升高英語銜接班第6講再看賓語從句及初談直接引語與間接引語二. 重、難點（一）賓語從句賓語從句是名詞性從句之一，在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞（如：sure , happy , glad , certain , pleased等）之后也可以帶有賓語從句。1. 由that引導的賓語從句：that引導的是一個陳述句，在賓語從句中只起連接的作用，沒有含義，也不在從句中充當任何成份，因而在口語和非正式場合?？梢允÷裕@一點請大家區(qū)分一下引導定語從句的that，這兩種情況是很不相同的，不可混淆。eg.I think that it is necessary for the peoples health to get rid of the pollution of noise . 我認為消除噪音污染對人們的健康是必要的。Hearing that his son was badly wounded , he rushed to the hospital to see him . 他聽說兒子受了重傷，急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。The mother likes saying that she has a good daughter . 母親喜歡說她有一個好女兒。I am sure（that）she will like the present . 我確信她會喜歡這個禮物的。We are glad（that）so many old friends will come to our party . 我們很高興這么多老朋友要來參加我們的聚會。The headmaster said that we would visit the science museum the next Sunday . 校長說下周日我們將去參觀科學博物館。Our teacher of physics suggested that we（should）try to make some electronic toys ourselves . 我們的物理老師建議我們自己應試著做一些電動玩具。注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建議”等的動詞之后的賓語從句中，謂語用“動詞原形或should+動詞原形”結構。2. 由whether，if引導的賓語從句，它們引導的是一般疑問句，在從句中有含義（是否），不充當成份，不可以省去。一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但有的情況下只能用whether，不可用if：（1）當后接不定式時，只能用whether，不能用if。（2）用于句首時不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。（3）后面有or not時，只可以用whether，不能用if。當然if還有“如果”之意，引導條件狀語從句，而whether則無此功能。eg.I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder for me . 我想知道你能否幫我修錄音機。She asked whether（if）there were any chemists shops in this street . 她問這條街上有沒有藥房。3. 由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引導的賓語從句。如：Please tell me who came first this morning . 請告訴我今天早晨誰第一個來的。The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japan . 這個記者要給我們談談他在日本的見聞。The listeners were much interested in how the man became an artist . 聽眾對于他是如何成為藝術家的事情非常感興趣。Please show me which bus I should take to get to the Peoples Park . 請您指點一下，我到人民公園應乘哪路公共汽車。I want to know whose pen is left on the table in the reading room . 我想知道誰的筆落在閱覽室的桌子上了。Do you know where the museum is ? 你知道這個博物館在哪兒嗎？Please tell me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics . 請告訴我愛因斯坦什么時候獲得諾貝爾物理學獎金的。Please explain to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed . 請給我解釋一下，為什么重的物體和輕的物體下落速度是一樣的。4. 賓語從句的時態(tài)：把握賓語從句的時態(tài)要知道其時態(tài)是由主句決定的，當主句為現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)時，從句根據(jù)自身的需要選用任一個時態(tài)；當主句為過去時的時候，從句也要用過去的一種時態(tài)，但此時要注意：如果從句表示的是客觀真理，則仍使用一般現(xiàn)在時，不可換為過去時。另外，我們要注意區(qū)分客觀真理與一般性的事實。如“他昨天告訴我他的哥哥是個醫(yī)生?！边@句話中的從句表示的就屬于一般性事實，這時的從句應用過去時，但在口語或非正式的場合下，也有使用一般現(xiàn)在時的情況，正式、規(guī)范的英文還是要變成過去時，說成He told me that his brother was a doctor yesterday . 5. 注意賓語從句的語序：在引導詞后面的從句都應為陳述句語序，而不可以是一般疑問句的順序。6. 另外還要注意由what，where，how引導的賓語從句，當主句的主語與從句的主語相同時可轉換成“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的簡單句形式。如：I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choose . （二）初談直接引語與間接引語1. 概述：說話人在轉述別人的話時，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的話在語法上叫做直接引語。如：John said , “ I am going to London next week . ” 約翰說：“下周我將要去倫敦?！盨he said , “ We have enough time to finish the work . ” 她說：“我們有足夠的時間完成這項工作?！闭f話人用自己的話轉述別人的話時，可以對原話有所更動，這叫做間接引語。如：John said that he was going to London the next week . 約翰說他下周要去倫敦。She said that they had enough time to finish the work .她說他們有足夠的時間完成這項工作。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成賓語從句。直接引語一般前后要加引號，間接引語不用引號。2. 各種句式的變化：（1）陳述句：直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導（that在口語中常省略），從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語等要做相應的變化。如：He said to me , “ I broke your CD player . ” He told me that he had broken my CD player . She said , “ Ill go there tomorrow . ” She said that she would come here the next / following day . He said , “ These books are mine . ” He said that those books were his . She said , “ Ill come here this afternoon . ” She said that she would go there that afternoon . He said , “ Light travels much faster than sound . ” He said that light travels much faster than sound . （注意：直接引語若是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變）（2）疑問句： 一般疑問句：要用連詞whether或if引導。主句中的謂語動詞是said時，要改為asked。沒有間接賓語時，可以加一個間接賓語（me，him或us等）。如：He said , “ Are you interested in English ? ” He asked（me）if I was interest in English . 特殊疑問句：仍用原來的疑問詞引導。如：“ What can I do for you ? ” he asked me . He asked（me）what he could do for me . 祈使句：轉述祈使句時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等動詞，其句型是：tell / ask / order sb.（not）to do sth.。如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“ Make sure the door is shut , ” she said to her little son . She told her little son to make sure the door was shut . “ Dont smoke in the room , ” he said to me . He told me not to smoke in the room . 【典型例題】例1 I think its going to be a big problem . （2002北京春季）Yes , it could be . I wonder we can do about it . A. if B. how C. what D. that答案：選擇C。評析：直接引語和間接引語都是賓語。本題考查賓語從句的引導詞問題，根據(jù)題意，需要一個既能引導賓語從句又能在賓語從句中作do的賓語的詞。因此C為正確選擇。例2 Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see .（2000上海）A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is答案：D評析：賓語從句要用陳述句語序。當不清楚所談到的人是男是女時，要用代詞it，不用she或he。例3 Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken .（2002上海）A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struckC. was sure to be struckD. was sure to strike答案：D評析：本句意為“過去很多人相信如果鏡子碎了之后災難就會降臨?！庇胋e sure to do的句型，此處的strike為不及物動詞。例4 What does she want ? I dont know what .A. does she want B. did she wantC. she wantedD. she wants答案：D評析：賓語從句的語序應為陳述句語序，因而排除A、B，而由問句的時態(tài)及主句的時態(tài)判斷應為一般現(xiàn)在時，故選D。例5 I dont know if she . But if she , Ill let you know . A. will come , comes B. will come , will comeC. comes , comesD. comes , will come答案：選擇A評析：if可引導兩種從句，賓語從句（第一個if）和條件狀語從句（第二個if），賓語從句時態(tài)由主句決定，而條件狀語從句符合“主將從現(xiàn)”的要求，故選A?！灸M試題】綜合練習（一）1. Great Wall is longest wall in the world . A. The , the B. A , a C. The , a D. A , the2. Is this your bedroom ? No , its room . A. the children B. the childrens C. of the children D. a childrens3. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam（三峽大壩）should be higher than downstream（下游）.A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters4. He spoke very fast and very people understood what he said . A. little B. a little C. few D. a few5. children there are in a family , their life will be . A. The less , the better B. The fewer , the better C. Fewer , richer D. More , poorer6. did you like the trip to Hainan ? It was wonderful . A. When B. How C. Where D. What7. Taiwan is the southeast of China . A. in B. to C. on D. at8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning . A. while B. when C. as D. so9. I take some photos in the hall ? No , you .A. Can , neednt B. Must , mustnt C. Could , wont D. May , mustnt10. Youd better to send me an email when you get home . A. not to forget B. dont forget C. to not forget D. not forget11. How about to the cinema on Sunday ?A. go B. to go C. going D. will go12. When I was at college I three foreign languages , but I all except for a few words of each . A. spoke , had forgotten B. spoke , have forgottenC. had spoken , had forgottenD. had spoken , have forgotten13. The police found that the house and a lot of things .A. has broken into , has been stolenB. had broken into , had been stolenC. has been broken into , stolenD. had been broken into , had been stolen14. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas . We will go and her at the airport tomorrow . A. say hello to B. say sorry to C. say goodbye to D. say excuse to15. Marys brother had a talk at school yesterday afternoon , ?A. had he B. hadnt he C. did he D. didnt he16. Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow . A. is B. am C. are D. be17. Mum ? May I go out and play basketball ? you your homework yet ?A. Do , finish B. Are , finishing C. Did , finish D. Have , finished18. Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please ? Go straight and take the second turning on the left . A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way19. This dress was last years style . I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year . A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since20. Theres someone at the door . Can you go and see who is ?A. he B. she C. that D. it21. Thats the only thing cant be forgotten in my life . A. that B. which C. who D. /22. “ Nightingal Prize ” is for .A. workers B. scientists C. doctors D. nurses23. Im sorry . I mistook you for Lucy . .A. Not at all B. Im sorry , too C. Its a pleasure D. Thats all right24. Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon . . go together ?A. So I do , Why dontB. So do I , What aboutC. So I will , How aboutD. So will I , Shall we綜合練習（二）1. I hope youll have good time at party . A. a , / B. an , the C. a , a D. a , the2. The market isnt far from here . Its only bicycle ride . A. half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half3. I was 8 years old when my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age . How old am I ?A. 21. B. 22. C. 23. D. 24.4. Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy ? Ill buy of them , so I can give one to my friend , Helen . A. either B. neither C. all D. both5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise . A. fewer , more B. more , less C. little , much D. less , more6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake . A. something strange B. anything strangeC. strange somethingD. strange anything7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space . A. Before long B. So for C. From then on D. Long before8. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it . A. when B. until C. after D. before9. Wheres Bob ? He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks . A. has to B. will C. should D. must10. Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight ? Im sorry I cant . Mother wont me to go out in the evening . A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask11. Betty was heard in her bedroom . A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang12. Alice , why didnt you come yesterday ? I , but I had an unexpected visitor . A. had B. would C. was going to D. did13. The Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921 .A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded14. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to his job . A. send up B. put up C. give up D. get up15. My uncle the Party in 1970 . He for over 28 years . A. joined , has joined the PartyB. joined , has been a Party memberC. has joined , has been in the PartyD. has joined , is in the Party16. There will be a volleyball match in our school , ?A. be there B. is there C. will there D. wont there17. Whats on the plate ? There some bread on it . A. is B. are C. has D. have18. The scientist knows two languages . He can speak English French . A. either , or B. neither , nor C. both , and D. so , that19. Could you tell me ?A. which room he livesB. which room he livedC. which room did he live inD. which room he lives in20. No matter busy he is , he wont give up his hobby . A. where B. how C. what D. who21. In the street I met the scientist gave us a talk last week . A. he B. which C. who D. what22. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on . KEEP IN A COLD PLACEA. food B. money C. clothes D. books23. Would you like some more chicken ? . Im full . A. Yes , please B. No , thanks C. Yes , I would D. No , I wouldnt24. Who is singing in the next room ? is Marys sister . A. This B. She C. He D. It綜合練習（三）1. I like playing football and my sister likes playing piano . A. / , the B. / , / C. the , the D. a , the2. Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost . A. child , lives B. children , life C. children , lives D. child , life3. The doctor worked for after twelve oclock . A. two more hours B. two another hour C. more two hours D. another two hour4. When shall we meet again next time ? day is OK . A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any5. Would you please say it ? I still cant follow you . A. loudly B. slowly C. more loudly D. more slowly6. shall we meet in the park ? What about half past eight ?A. What B. When C. Where D. Which7. Either Bob or Peter watching the 17th World Cup now . A. is B. are C. am D. be8. You will be able to get good marks .A. while you are doing your homework by yourselfB. if you do some revision every dayC. before you begin to study hardD. until you follow your teachers advice9. Dont forget to post this letter for me , please . No , I .A. dont B. wont C. mustnt D. cant10. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one . A. to paying B. to pay C. not to pay D. rather than pay11. Kate spent most of her free time TV plays . A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching12. Great changes in my home town since liberation . A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place13. The water will be further polluted unless some measures .A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken14. They the newspaper when I went into their room . A. were reading B. are reading C. have read D. will read15. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but the couldnt find out what was wrong with her . A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked at16. There is little milk in the bottle , ?A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt there D. is there17. Do you know where my teacher lives ? She lives 150 Kenming Road . A. at , in B. at , on C. on , at D. in , at18. , how many books have you read ? . Because Im busy these days . A. Last year , A few B. So far , Few C. Two days later , So many D. Last week , Many a few19. I hear well have a new teacher this term . Really ? Do you know ?A. what subject does he teachB. what subject will he teachC. what subject he teachesD. what subject is he going to teach20. Tom will come to see us he is free tomorrow . A. if B. until C. while D. as21. The polic