高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit5《Nelson Mandelaa modern hero》精品學(xué)案 新人教版必修1.doc

2013版英語一輪精品復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：unit5nelson mandela-a modern hero（新人教版必修1）【高考新動向】【考綱全景透析】【重點(diǎn)單詞】1. active adj.積極的，靈活的，活性的over seventy as he is, he is still active.i cant tell whether it is an active volcano.拓展：be active in在方面活躍，積極參加take an active part in積極參加act n./v.行為，舉動，行動action n.行為，做法activity n.活動actor/ actress n.（男女）演員2. devote vt. 投入；獻(xiàn)身devote to 獻(xiàn)身于；專心于在devote to短語中，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動詞-ing。常見的類似短語還有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（堅持）; lead to（導(dǎo)致）; preferto（相比更喜歡）; look forward to（盼望）;典例 1). he devoted himself entirely to music. 他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了音樂。2). mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 瑪麗獻(xiàn)身于為病人服務(wù)。 【即境活用】漢譯英1). 她深愛她的孩子。2). 我們應(yīng)全力以赴地工作。keys: 1). she is devoted to her children. 2). we should devote all our efforts to our tasks.3. vote v. 投票（決定）；選舉n. 投票, 選票,表決, 得票數(shù)相關(guān)短語vote for/against 投票贊成/反對 vote through 表決通過vote down 投票否決；投票擊敗vote in 投票選出；選舉put to the vote 將付諸表決 take/have a vote on 對進(jìn)行表決 典例 1). we voted democrat in the last election. 我們在上次的選舉中投了民主黨的票。2). well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我們會先聽取雙方的論證后再作表決。3). the votes are still being counted. 選票仍在統(tǒng)計中。 【即境活用】用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。1). the suggestion was voted by a large majority.2). shall we take a vote the question?3). the issue was put the vote.4). was the vote or the matter?keys:1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against4. equal adj.相同的；平等的,等于he asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他讓我們把蘋果切成三等份?！就卣寡由臁縝e equal to sth/ doing sth.勝任某事/ 做某事are you equal to (doing) the task? 你能勝任這項工作嗎？vt. 等于，比得上a equals b. a等于b。none of us can equal her in height/diligence/patience/strength/intelligence.我們中沒人在身高/勤奮/耐心/力氣/智力方面比得上她。n. 同等/相等的人或物be without equal/have no equal 無與倫比，無比yao ming is a basketball player without equal in china.在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球隊員?！九e一反三】be similar to 同-相似 be familiar to sb. 為某人所熟知 be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物 be indifferent to sth. 對某事不關(guān)心，不在乎，不感興趣 be kind to 對-和藹 be polite to 對-很有禮貌 be friendly to 對-很友好【即境活用】he doubted whether she would be_to the task.a. equal b. similar c. familiar d. content【解析】a 考查形容詞詞義辨析和搭配。be equal to sth. 勝任-符合句意，content “滿意的，滿足的”。5. escape v.& n. 逃脫；逃生；泄露6. reward n.報答；酬金：為某些特殊服務(wù)提供或給予的金錢a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓獲罪犯而得900美元酬金its a reward for virtue.那是對美德的回報【相關(guān)短語】as a reward (for) 作為（對某事的）報酬（或獎賞）give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 為某事而給某人報酬in reward for 為酬答-，作為獎勵-it is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，報酬卻很少，這不公平vt.酬謝，獎賞；報應(yīng)；懲罰（壞人或壞事）how can i reward your kindness? 我如何酬謝你的好意呢？phrases: reward sb.(with-)for sth. 為某事（而以-）報答-reward sb. for sth. 因某事使某人得到報應(yīng)或懲罰he will sooner or later be rewarded for bad deeds. 他遲早會因他的壞行為而受到報應(yīng)辨析reward，award，prizereward表示“獎賞，酬謝”，動詞只能以人或人的行為作賓語，名詞表示某人因做了某事而應(yīng)得到某東西。award 作名詞指正式或官方 “給與，頒發(fā)，授予”（獎?wù)拢劷鸬龋?，也可以指法庭裁決；作動詞可以跟兩個賓語，award sb. sth., 把某物授予/判給某人。prize 只能做名詞，表示“獎賞、獎金、獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽(yù)【即境活用】the girl got nothing in_for her kindness, which made her very sad.a. prize b. award c. medals d. reward【解析】d 考查名詞辨析和搭配。按照句意應(yīng)該是做好事的報答，依據(jù)固定搭配，in reward for 為-報答即可【重點(diǎn)短語】1. out of work 失業(yè),出問題短語歸納 in work 有工作out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of patience 不耐煩out of use 沒用了 out of date 過時out of order 次序顛倒；出故障 out of control 失控out of danger 脫離危險 out of shape 變形out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見, 心不煩。1). jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個月了。2). marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 瑪麗的手機(jī)壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來了很多不便?！炯淳郴钣谩坑眠m當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~（短語）填空。 1). although my computer is date now, but its still use.2). after fours operation, the patient has been danger.keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of2. as a matter of fact實(shí)際上it was cold. as a matter of fact, it was freeing. 天很冷，事實(shí)上，冷的要命?！鞠嚓P(guān)短語】as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/ actually/ in reality/ to tell the truth 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)。to make matters worse 讓事情更糟糕的是-it doesnt matter 沒有關(guān)系【即境活用】it rained that day. _, our car broke down on the way.a. in fact b. actually c. to make matters worse d. to tell the truth【解析】c 考查短語意思辨析。同義詞短語按照句意排除，本句沒有實(shí)際上的意思，而是讓事情更糟糕的是，c項符合。3. in trouble處于困境中，有麻煩he is ready to help those who are in trouble.拓展：get into trouble遇到麻煩make trouble制造麻煩ask for trouble自找麻煩have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困難save trouble省事take great trouble to do sth.不辭勞苦做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻煩某人做某事【即境活用】if you dont study hard, you will have big trouble _(find) a job.答案 finding4. turn to 求助于；致力于 nobody seems to understand ,i dont know who to turn to.似乎沒人懂這個。我不知道該向誰求助。 paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work .保羅借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的問題。 the job turned out( to be )harder than we thought.這份工作結(jié)果比我們想像的要難。 why did she turn down your invitation?他為什么拒絕你的邀請？5. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心【相關(guān)短語】lose ones heart to sb.= fall in love with sb. 愛上某人lose ones job 失業(yè) lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath上氣不接下氣 lose ones life 喪生; 遇害 lose face 丟臉; 受屈辱 learn by heart 記住，背誦take sth. to heart 深為某事而感動 put ones heart into 熱衷于- give heart to sb. 鼓勵某人 heart and soul 全心全意地【即境活用】we should serve the people_.a. without heart b. without heart and soul c. heart and soul d. for the heart and soul 【解析】c 考查固定短語用法。固定短語“heart and soul”意思是全心全意地，在句中作狀語修飾serve。6. set up 設(shè)立，建立 a fund will be set up for the dead mens families.將為死者家屬設(shè)立一項基金。 the school has set up for the special class to help poor readers.學(xué)校專門辦了一個班來幫助閱讀能力差的學(xué)生。 panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling .股市恐慌引發(fā)了一輪拋售潮?！局攸c(diǎn)句型】1. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。only 修飾的時間、條件、方式狀語等放在句首，主句構(gòu)成部分倒裝。only then did she realize he had made mistakes.直到那時她才意識到她所犯的錯誤。only when he came back did i go to bed.當(dāng)他回來的時候，我才上床睡覺【點(diǎn)撥】only放在句首時，修飾狀語才倒裝，修飾主語、賓語則不倒裝only you understand me.只有你了解我。【拓展延伸】only 的其它用法1）adj 與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式連用意思“唯一的”，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用意思“僅有的”；另外還可以翻譯成“最好的，最合適的”2）adv. 位于修飾的詞，短語、句子之前，意思“僅僅，只”he is the only boy in his family. 他是家里唯一的一個男孩【即境活用】only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system.a. you can hope b. you did hope c. can you hope d did you hope【解析】c 考查only修飾狀語成分置于句首，句子部分倒裝。依據(jù)句意表示“能-”即可2. i felt bad the first time i talked to a group我第一次向（參觀）小組談?wù)摚_本島監(jiān)獄的情況）時，心里覺得很不好受。句中的the first time 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“第一次.時”。 each time i called on him ,he was very busy.我每次拜訪他，他都很忙。 he came to see me immediately he came back.他一回來就來看我。 irecognized her the moment isaw her.我一眼就認(rèn)出她?！緹狳c(diǎn)難點(diǎn)全析】the attributive clause（ii）由when, where或why關(guān)系副詞以及“介詞 + which”結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)的定語從句一、when, where或why在定語從句中分別代替表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞，在句中作時間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語1）. when 指時間。i still remember the day when i first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。(when = on which)i still remember the day that we spent together in beijing.我仍然記得我們在北京度過的那一天【點(diǎn)撥】第一個句子先行詞day 在定語從句中作狀語，when=on which；第二個句子the day在定語從句中作賓語。2）. where指地點(diǎn)。whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday last year?去年你度假的那個地方叫什么名字？ (where = at which)whats the name of the place that you visited last year?去年你拜訪的那個地方叫什么名字？【點(diǎn)撥】第一個句子the place在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where-in which; 第二個句子the place在定語從句中作賓語3）. why 指原因，用在名詞reason后。the reason why he was late for class is that he got up late.他遲到的原因是他起晚啦。the reason that he told me is well-known. 他告訴我的原因是眾所周知的?！军c(diǎn)撥】第一個句子reason在定語從句中作原因狀語; 第二個句子reason在定語從句中作賓語。二、 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾物時用which,不用that,修飾人時用whom不用who。the school in which he once worked is a key school.(=the school (which / that) he once worked in is a key school.)他曾經(jīng)工作過的學(xué)校是一所重點(diǎn)學(xué)?！就卣寡由臁俊敖樵~ + 關(guān)系代詞”的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：1） 介詞 + which/whomthis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.這就是那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩?）名詞 + of + which/whomplease pass me the book the cover of which is blue.請把那本藍(lán)封面的書遞給我。3）數(shù)詞 + of + which/whomin our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women.我校大約有200位教師，其中百分之三十是女教師4） 代詞 + of + which/whomin the basket i find many apples, some of which=of which some have gone bad.我發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。there are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我們班有50個學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)來自大城市5）最高級 + of + which/whomchina has thousands of islands, the largest of which is taiwan.中國有數(shù)千個島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣島 6） 介詞 + which + 名詞he usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.他通常十點(diǎn)鐘回家，這時候他爸爸鎖好所有的門窗this is the very book (that) i am looking for. ()這正是我在找的書。【點(diǎn)撥】短語為固定搭配時 (如：look for, look after, take care of)介詞不能提前。【點(diǎn)撥】 1）關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇 根據(jù)動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 根據(jù)與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 有時需同時考慮動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。 根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思來確定。2）關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞時，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)，要根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定【典型例題】1.what do you think of teaching, bob?i find it fun and challenging. it is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.a. where b. which c. when d. that【解析】選a。考查定語從句的用法。定語從句主謂賓完整，說明應(yīng)該填關(guān)系副詞，先行詞為a job，定語從句的意思是在這個工作中，所以答案用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。2. its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.a. that b. when c. which d. where 【解析】選d考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選d。3.the house i grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which 【解析】選b 本題考查定語從句。the house ( which / that i grew up in ) , 主語后面緊跟的是定語從句。4. gun control is a subject americans have argued for a long time. a. of which b. with which c. about which d. into which 【解析】選c考查定語從句，先行詞是gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選c。5. mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed the magic flute are both museums nowa. where b. when c. there d. which【解析】選a考查定語從句的用法。where引導(dǎo)了定語從句，并且在定語從句中做狀語，先行詞為mozarts birthplace and the house。【語法專練】1. later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. 世紀(jì)金榜a. where b. when c. who d. which世紀(jì)金2. wed like very much to join in the activities, _ we could communicate and exchange lots of information.a. that b. which c. what d. where世紀(jì)金榜3. bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _courage matters more than strength.a. whose b. that c.of which d. where世紀(jì)金榜4i shall never forget the days _ the olympic game was held in beijing, _ has a great effect on my life.a. when ; which b. that ;which c. when; that d. which; that5mr. king, _ car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends father.a. whose b. in whose c. which d. in which 答案：15 addab【高考零距離】1、（2012山東卷23）maria has written two two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.a. them b. that c. which d. what【答案】c【解析】 “介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句?？疾榛A(chǔ)語法知識并運(yùn)用其分析解答問題的能力。句中的先行詞是two novels，而且后面是一個非限制性定語從句，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，也不能跟在介詞后面；如果選them，則后面需要有并列連詞and或者是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即both of them made into.。2、（2012福建卷23）23the air quality in the city , is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.a. that b. it c. as d. what【答案】c【解析】本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句難點(diǎn)是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如在 所寫的那樣”。3.（2011浙江卷t10）a bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. a .when b. that c. where d. there【解析】選c?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：銀行是一個晴好天氣借給你雨傘而雨天又要回雨傘的地方。此處空格處在語句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以選擇關(guān)系副詞where；a項表示時間，b項為關(guān)系代詞，d項不能作關(guān)系詞。4.（2011陜西卷t11）i walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.a. which b. where c. who d. that【解析】選b。考查定語從句。句意：我和我的朋友一直走到了山頂，在那里我們欣賞到了美妙的湖光景色。把定語從句補(bǔ)全為：we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill.由此可知，定語從句中缺少的成分為地點(diǎn)狀語，故選擇where一項。5.（2010全國卷t13）the island is_ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.a.partly b.merely c.nearly d.equally【解析】選d考查副詞詞義。只要知道詞義即可選出答案，該題較為簡單。a, 部分的 b 只不過 c 幾乎 d 同樣的，相等的。6.（2010山東卷t27）sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. a. brought up b. looked up c. picked up d. set up【解析】選c。本題考查動詞短語意義辨析。句意應(yīng)為“山姆只是憑借看別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識?！北硎尽皩W(xué)會”用pick up; pick up另外還有“撿起; 順車接送,搭載；收拾，整理；重新開始；獲得”等義；bring up 表示“撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形勢）好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；查閱”；set up表示“建立，設(shè)置；造成，產(chǎn)生”。7. （2009陜西卷t18）little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.a. did rose care b. rose did care c. rose does care d. does rose care 【解析】選a考查特殊句式。little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝句，選a。8. （2009四川卷t20） shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. a. that b. which c. where d. when 【解析】選d 考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時間（她呆在那里期間），when指代her stay在定語從句中做時間狀語。 9.（2009重慶卷t34） life is like a ling race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. a. why b. what c. that d. where 【解析】選d。 where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且在定語從句中做狀語。 10.（2008江蘇卷t32） _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.a. only if; will you b. only if; you will c. unless; will you d. unless; you will【解析】選a 考查only條件狀語從句置于句首，主句部分倒裝。掌握句型only +if條件狀語從句置于句首，主句部分倒裝即可【考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練】一、聽力（略）二、單項選擇21.【2012屆河北省普通高考模擬】35not until one of his works was published_to gain his confidence in writing.a. he was able bwas he able che had been able dhad he been able22.【2012屆河北省普通高考模擬】28you are sure to know the result，but thats_everybody has finished their worka. when b. why c. before d. until23. it must be kept in mind that _ lifelong study can you survive in the high competitive society. a. only whenb. until thenc. only throughd. until when24. alice _ a good salary in a job but she stayed at home for the sake of her family. a. must take b. should have made c. would make d. could have made 25. recently i bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.a. the price of itb. which pricec. its priced. the price of which26. it was the first time that she _ her motherland.a. has leftb. had leftc. left d. was to leave27. nowhere else in the world _ like home.a. you can find a place b. a place you can findc. can find you a place d. can you find a place28. many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. _, it is also a problem in some urban areas. a. as a result b. furthermore c. in the end d. as a matter of fact29.man is created _.a. equal b. equally c. to be equal d. equality30. lets hope the fine weather for sundays camping trip. akeeps up bpicks up ccarries ondputs up31. “terrorists _ war on the united states, and war is what they got.” bush said.a. attacked b. declaredc. foughtd. offered32.30.chinas new food law provides for a food recall (召回) system _ producers have to stop production if their food isnt up to standards.a. where b. that c. when d. which33. i found her nice and honest _ i saw her. a. for the first timeb. the first time c. on the first time d. at first34. i have no dreams to have a happy lifearather than bmore than cother than dless than35. -shall i give you a ride as you live so far away?-thank you. _.a. it couldnt be betterb. of course you canc. if you like d. its up to you三、完形填空my mother helped to build ships during world war. she was a(n) 36 woman to seek work at this south portland shipyards (造船廠). she was raising four children 37 . i still remember my moms struggle to keep the 38 together.after the divorce, there wasnt much 39 . at first my mom worked in washing houses in 40 places. and she later got the job in a department store 41 she noticed some young women would come in, all 42 in big boots and rough overalls and they would have 43 of $600 to cash. and she finally asked one of them where they 44 and made so much money. and they said in the 45 . so my mother went over, and the man who 46 her asked whether she wanted to be a welder (焊工) or a burner. my mother asked which 47 the most. he said the welder. then she said that was 48 she wanted to do. he said: “oh, why?” she said: “ha, i have four children to 49 .”it was bitterly cold in the winter going into the bottom of those steel ships. they had to creep into narrow basis and lay on their backs, and welded 50 . and i remember her neck and her chest all spotted with 51 from the sparks. and her shift (輪班) w