八年級英語下冊 Unit 2 Travelling Study skills課件 （新版）牛津版.ppt

unit2travellingstudyskills details points themainidea alsocalledthemainpoint isthemostimportantthoughtaboutatopic ittellsthereaderwhatthetextisabout itisusuallystatedinonesentence detailsorsupportingdetailsarespecificfacts reasons examplesorotherkindsofinformationusedtosupportthemainpoints atopicinaparagraph anarticleorotherpassageisageneralsubject itcanoftenbeexpressedinasinglewordorphrase details majordetailswhichdirectlysupportthemainidea minordetailswhichdirectlysupportmajordetails topics mainideasanddetails topics mainideasorpoints anddetailsworktogether themainideatellsthewriter spointaboutthetopic anditissupportedbydetailsthroughouttheparagraphmuchliketheframeofahousesupportstheroof howtodeterminethetopic smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit butalsoverybadforyourhealth ithasbeenproventocausecancer lungdisease andheartdisease andtoweakenyourimmunesystem smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe whichmeansit smoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy it salsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker becausetheybreathethesmokyair eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem morethan1 000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect askyourself whoorwhatisthepassageabout lookcarefullyatthetitle oftenthegeneraltopicisoneofthewordsinthetitle lookforcluewordsorphrasesthatareusedrepeatedly oftenthatwordorphraseisthegeneraltopicofthearticle topic mainpoint idea howtodeterminethemainidea 2 whenstatedintheparagraph themainideaisexpressedinthetopicsentence 1 askyourself whatisthispassagemostlyabout whydidthewriterwritethispassage 3 ifthemainideaisnotstated firstfindthetopicandthenlookatallthedetailsthatgiveyouenoughinformationtodeterminethemainidea smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit butalsoverybadforyourhealth ithasbeenproventocausecancer lungdisease andheartdisease andtoweakenyourimmunesystem smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe whichmeansit smoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy it salsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker becausetheybreathethesmokyair eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem morethan1 000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect topic mainpoint idea smokingisbadforyourhealth costswerelowthatyearandtheoutputhigh therewasagoodpersonforeachjobandthemarketremainedfirm therewerenolessonfromfire allinallitwasthebestyearsinthehistoryofthecompany thefirstthreesentencesgivedetailstoexplainwhyitwasthebestyearinthecompany shistory themainideaisstatedinthelastsentence therearegreatnumbersofdeeraroundhere thiswholeareaisagreatcountryforhuntersandfishermen therearebears mountainlions andwolves totheeasttherearestreamsfulloffishes andthereareducksandgeese thewriterbeginsandendswithexamples themainideaisstatedinthesecondsentence findingthemainideas themainideaisstatedinthefirstsentence theremainingsentencesgiveexamplestoexplainthereasons swimmingisonethingthatcanbedoneatthebeach snorkelingisanotherthingthatcanbeenjoyed playingbeachvolleyballcanbealotoffun itisalsofuntolookforshells somepeoplesimplyliketosunbathe peoplecandolotsofbeachactivitiestorelaxthemselves whatistheimpliedmainidea stateitinyourownwords canyoufindthemainideadirectly practicingimpliedmainideas howtofind supporting details 1 decidewhichdetailshelptofurtherthestoryline 2 decidewhichdetailshelpyoutounderstandthemainidea 3 turnthemainideaintoaquestionbyaskingwho what when where why orhow theanswerwillgiveasetofdetails supportingdetailsanswerallthosequestionsthatyouhaveaboutthetopicsentences whyare supporting detailsimportant detailshelpyoutobetterunderstandthemainideaandseethebigpicture detailsmakethemainideastrongerandmoreinteresting detailshelpthewritingflow smokingcigarettesisnotonlyadisgustingandsmellyhabit butalsoverybadforyourhealth ithasbeenproventocausecancer lungdisease andheartdisease andtoweakenyourimmunesystem smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe whichmeansit smoredifficulttoplaysportsandgettheexerciseyouneedtostayhealthy it salsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker becausetheybreathethesmokyair eventhoughmostpeopleknowhowbadsmokingisforthem morethan1 000peopledieeachdayfromitseffect mainidea detail detail detail smokingisbadforyourhealth findthesupportingdetails allthesentencesinthepassagesupportthemainidea youshouldprovideenoughsupportingdetailinyourparagraphssothereadercaneasilyunderstandwhatyouaretryingtocommunicate smokingisbadforyourhealth smoking itcancausecancer lungdisease andheartdisease andweakenyourimmunesystem smokingmakesitalothardertobreathe it salsoharmfulforthosehangingaroundasmoker allthesupportingdetailsinthetextorwithinaparagraphshouldtellusmoreaboutthemainidea everystoryorparagraphhasamainidea mainideaisliketheheartofthetextoraparagraph mariaofferedtohelphermothercleanthehouse shevacuumedthelivingroomanddustedthefurniture shepickedupthetoysintheplayroom sheateahamsandwichforlunch then shemoppedthekitchenfloor whichsentence detaildoesnotsupportthemainidea practice understandingdetails whichsentence detaildoesnotsupportthemainidea winterprovidestheopportunityformanyoutdooractivities manypeopleenjoyiceskatingonapond swimminginthepondinsummercanalsobefun skiingcanbeanexcitingexperiencetoo afteranewsnowfall youcanevenbuildasnowman benjaminfranklinlovedtowrite whenhewastwenty two hesetuphisownprintingshopandstartedanewspaper healsoprintedabookcalledpoorrichard salmanac ithadfunnystories informationabouttheweather andwisesayings whatisthemainidea a franklinlovedtowritestoriesandbooks b franklinworkedveryhardwhenhewasyoung c franklinknewalotabouttheweather d franklinwasverypoor a practice identifyingmainidea benjaminfranklinlovedthecityofphiladelphia hestartedthecity sfirsthospitalandfiredepartment benalsostartedphiladelphia sfirstpubliclibrary benjaminfranklinworkedveryhardtomakephiladelphiaabetterplacetolive whatisthemainidea franklinworkedhardtomakehiscityagreatplacetolive b franklinworkedforthefiredepartment c franklinknewalotaboutbooks d franklinwenttoschoolinphiladelphia a benjaminfranklinwasveryinterestedinelectricity onedayhetriedaverydangerousexperimenttoprovethatlightningwaselectricity heattachedakeytoakitestringandflewthekiteduringathunderstorm whenthelightninghitthekite sparksflewfromthekey benjaminfranklinprovedthatlightningwaselectricity whatisthemainidea a franklinlikedtoplayintherain b franklinperformedanexperimentthatprovedlightningwaselectricity c franklinknewalotaboutthunderstorms d franklininventedanewkindofkite b benjaminfranklininventedmanythingsthatmadelifeeasierinthelate1700 s heinventedthelightningrodthatsavedmanyhomesfromfires healsoinventedthefranklinstove thestovecouldheataroombetterthanafireplaceandsavedpeoplealotoffuel healsoinventedaspecialkindofglassescalledbifocals thisnewkindofglasseshelpedpeopletoreadbetter whatisthemainidea a franklinthoughtreadingwasimportant b franklinwasnotafraidoffire c franklinwasagreatinventor d afranklinstovecanheatawholeroom c practice identifyingmainideas details therearethreereasonswhycanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld first canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem allcanadianshaveaccesstomedicalservicesatareasonableprice second canadahasahighstandardofeducation studentsaretaughtbywell trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity finally canada scitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive asaresult canadaisadesirableplacetolive canada mainidea therearethreereasonswhycanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem detail1 canadahasahighstandardofeducation detail2 detail3 canada scitiesarecleanandwellmanaged topic therearethreereasonswhycanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld first canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem allcanadianshaveaccesstomedicalservicesatareasonableprice second canadahasahighstandardofeducation studentsaretaughtbywell trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity finally canada scitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive asaresult canadaisadesirableplacetolive theunderlinedsentenceisthemainpointoftheparagraph theboldedsentencesaremajorsupportingdetails theitalicizedsentencesinblueareminorsupportingdetails whenwewriteaboutanexperienceorevent wecanorganizeourideasusingthefollowingfivemainpoints thenweshouldgivedetailstosupportthemainpointsbygivingreasons examples steps oranyotherinformation mainpointsanddetails writingtipsonmainpointsanddetails 1 afterdecidingonyourtopic choosetwotofourorfivesupportingpointsaboutthetopic 2 stayonthepoint eachmainpointshouldbeworthwritingabout allthemainpointsshouldrelatetothesubjectandhelpdevelopthereader sknowledgeaboutthesubject 3 provideenoughspecificdetails reasons examples names numbers senses tosupportthemainpoints reason saywhyyourideaisgoodorbadexamples giveproofofyourideasnames usespecificnames titles etc numbers giveprovablenumberssenses givedetailsthatrefertooursenses sight touch smell sound taste eachofthemainpointsmustbedifferentfromalltheothers wherewastimmywhentheearthquakestarted whathappenedtotimmyintheearthquake whatdidtimmydo see hear feelintheearthquake howdidtimmyfeelwhenhewastrapped howdidtimmysurvivetheearthquake trulyspecificdetailsexcitethereader sinterest theyshowwhatthewritermeans theyprovidestrongsupportforthemainpoints strongsupportingevidenceisattheheartofeffectivewriting writeyourownparagraph choosefromoneoftheseideas 2 writedownsomemainpointsanddetailsandorganizeyourideasbeforeyouwrite 3 thinkofatopicsentenceandaddsupportingdetails makeyourparagraphatleastfoursentenceslong 4 remember sentencesbelongintheparagraphonlyiftheytellaboutthemainidea th