四六級沖刺必會語法.doc

滬江網(wǎng)校滬江四六級四六級語法虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在考試中比較常見。尤其是在聽力中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。它主要是表達一種“假設”或者“推測”，而不是客觀顯示中的真實事件。因為主要通過動詞的變化來反應不同的情況，所以如果不熟悉虛擬語氣的基本表示方法，會直接影響聽力。同時翻譯中也經(jīng)常使用。如果想得高分，要學好這個語法點，爭取在翻譯部分多拿點分：基本規(guī)則：條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式should/would+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞should/ would +have+過去分詞與將來事實可能相反動詞過去式/were to/shouldshould/ would +動詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實相反：If Iwereyou , Iwould apply forthe job.與過去事實相反：If Ihad takenyour advice, Iwouldnt have madesuch mistake.與將來事實相反：If itrainedtomorrow, Iwouldstay at home.真題翻譯示例：例1：Theyrequestedthat_(我借的書還回圖書館)by next Friday.1. 動詞request引導的從句應用虛擬語氣2. 虛擬語氣的表達方式：should+動詞原形，此題則為：should return3.按句意順序譯，得出答案：I should return the book to library例2：The victim_(本來有機會活下來)if hehad been takento hospital in time.1.一看句意有“本來”，十之八九為虛擬語氣2.二看時態(tài)推后了，本該過去時，卻用過去完成時，因此一定考虛擬3.按句意譯為：would have a chance to survive哪些動詞及其與他們相關的名詞，從句需虛擬語氣？一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一個wish實戰(zhàn)練習：1. It is strange that he _ so.A. would say B. would speakC. should say D. will speak2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go3. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. have gone D. could have gone4. If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _ me how.A. teaches B. will teachC. has taught D. would teach6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had readC. should have read D. are reading7. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meet B. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet8. If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat9. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay10. Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.【答案&解析】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7.B 8. B 9.D 10. D1. It is strange that是主語從句的虛擬語氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。2. suggest后面的從句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。3. 虛擬語氣。wish從句后接虛擬語氣。could have done表示“本來可以”。4. in advance表示“事先”， would have done表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。5. wish的賓語從句表示發(fā)生在將來的愿望用過去將來時。6. wish后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用過去完成時。7. 條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時，從句用