初三英語 形容詞專題.doc

中國教育培訓領(lǐng)軍品牌環(huán) 球 雅 思 教 育 學 科 教 師 講 義講義編號： 副校長/組長簽字： 簽字日期： 學 員 編 號 ：GE-LH1410555 年 級 ： 初三 課 時 數(shù) ：3學 員 姓 名 ：劉錦博 輔 導 科 目 ： 英語 學 科 教 師 ：趙文麗課 題 形容詞 專題課 型 預習課 同步課 復習課 習題課課 次2授課日期及時段 2014 年 12 月 27 日 8 ：00 10 ：00 am. A段教 學 目 的1） 了解形容詞的考點范圍2） 掌握形容詞的三級用法、含有形容詞的固定短語及常用句型和常見形容詞辨析重 難 點形容詞的三級用法、含有形容詞的固定短語及常用句型和常見形容詞辨析教 學 內(nèi) 容 【基礎(chǔ)知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)總結(jié)與鞏固】【課前測試】 1. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so _. A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely2. The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _. A. less B. more C. closer D. farther3. We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be. A. as heavy as B. not as heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as4. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes. We were all _ about the _ match. A. exciting; excited B. exciting; exciting C. excited; excited D. excited; exciting5. -What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? -I think its _, but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful; bored6. -How _ the medicine tastes! -Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it. A. terrible B. Delicious C. sweet D. nice7. _ we plant, _ our city will be. A. The more trees; the beautiful B. The less trees; the more beautiful C. The more trees; the more beautiful D. The less trees; the beautiful8. -Hi, Kate. You are riding a bike today. -Yes. Driving a car to school every day makes me much _. A. fat B. fatter C. thin D. thinner9. Papermaking is _ of ancient China. A. one of greatest inventor B. one of the greatest inventors C. one of greatest invention D. one of the greatest inventions10. -Im sure I will get good grades in the graduation exam. -If so, I believe your parents will _ the result. A. be satisfied with B. be angry about C. be bored of D. be worried about【考點直擊】 在歷年的中考試題中，形容詞是重要的考點之一。通過對歷年中考的試題分析，預計今年后幾年考查形容詞 時，主要會考查形容詞的比較等級(55)、同義近義形容詞的辨析(25)、形容詞的位置(10)、含有形容詞的一些特殊句型和固定短語(10)等。預計形容詞的考查可能主要分布在單選題中，完形、詞語運用題中也會出現(xiàn)一些?！局R網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 定義 作定語 作表語 功能 作賓補 作狀語 作主語或賓語 位于名詞前 位置 后置情況 多個形容詞的排列順序 比較級/最高級的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則變化/不規(guī)則變化 形 形容詞 as+原級+as 原級 not as/so+原級+as 容 比較級+than 三級 比較級中的the 詞 用法 形容詞 比較級+and+比較級 比較級 the比較級, the另一比較級 可修飾比較級的詞 最高級的用法 形容詞 可修飾最高級的詞 最高級 比較級與最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 常見易混形容詞辨析 含有形容詞的固定短語和常用句型一、形容詞的定義 a pretty boy an ugly beast a black box 用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物特征的詞稱為形容詞。2、 形容詞的功能 There are many colorful butterflies around her.(定語) Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表語) You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercise.(賓補) The girl went to school, cold and hungry.(作狀語) The rich should help the poor.(the+形容詞表示一類人或物，可以用作主語或賓語) 常見的聯(lián)系動詞： 表狀態(tài)的be(是)：am,is, are 表變化的：become(變成), grow(成長), turn(成為), go(變得) 表感官的：look(看起來), feel(感覺、摸起來), smell(聞起來), sound(聽起來), taste(嘗起來)3、 形容詞的位置1. 位于名詞前 形容詞修飾名詞作定語，一般置于名詞前 We went to a beautiful beach.2. 后置的情況 1) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞something, anything, someone, everyone等時要后置. I have something interesting to tell you. 2) 形容詞與數(shù)量詞連用作定語時，形容詞要后置 The room is four meters long and three meters wide. 3) 形容詞短語作定語時要后置 This is a lake famous for its scenery. 4) 形容詞else修飾不定代詞或疑問代詞時要后置 Would you like something else? 5) 表語形容詞alive, asleep, awake等有時也可以作定語，作定語時要后置 She was the only person awake that night. 6) 形容詞enough修飾名詞時， 可以前置，也可以后置 We have enough chairs for everyone. You should wear clothes enough to keep warm.3. 多個形容詞的排列順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，通常的順序為： 限定詞(these, those.)+數(shù)量詞+描繪性形容詞(大小、長短、形狀、新舊、顏色)+出處+材料、性質(zhì)+類別、用途 +名詞。 She has beautiful long black hair.四、形容詞比較等級的構(gòu)成1. 規(guī)則變化 1) 一般直接加-er, -est new_ tall_ long_ 2) 不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時加-r, -st nice_ fine _ 3) 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時變y為i，再加-er, -est easy_ happy_ 4) 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-er,- est thin_ hot_ 5) 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在原級前加more, most popular_ important_【小試牛刀】寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ strong _ _ big _ _ great_ _ comfortable_ _ fine _ _ clever_ _2)不規(guī)則變化原級 比較級 最高級good/wellmany/muchbad/illlittlefarold四、形容詞原級用法1. 形容詞作定語時，一般要放在名詞之前或代（不定）副之后，但enough既可放在被修飾的名詞前，也可放在 被修飾的名詞后。 The boy is old enough to go to school. He has something interesting to tell his mother. 2. 基數(shù)詞可與名詞(用連字符相連)構(gòu)成復合形容詞，用作定語。這時名詞總用單數(shù)，而且這個復合形容詞總是放 在被修飾的名詞前，常表示時間、度量等。 Jane is a 5yearold girl. That is a three-hour drive.3. 有些形容詞只能用作表語，這類表語形容詞主要有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, ill等。 -would you like to go Ren Min park with me? -Sorry, Im afraid not, I have to help my mother do housework.4. 有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，常見的有friendly, lively, silly, lovely等。 Mr. Li always makes his class lively. He is friendly to all of us.5. ing形容詞與ed形容詞 ing形容詞表示“令人的”，一般修飾事物；ed形容詞表示“感到的”，多用于修飾人。中考中常見的還有： surprising令人驚訝的 exciting 令人興奮的 interesting 有趣的 embarrassing 令人尷尬的 surprised 感到驚訝的 excited 感到興奮的 interested 感興趣的 embarrassed 感到尷尬的 We are deeply moved by the moving love story of Jack and Rose. We are all excited about the exciting news.6. “the形容詞”表示一類人或物。 the poor the rich 7. 表示A與B在某一方面程度相同或不同時用形容詞原級。 肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：A.as形容詞原級asB English is as important as Chinese. 否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：A.notas/so形容詞原級asB I am not so/as fast as Lucy.8. 在倍數(shù)中的用法 1)表示倍數(shù)時，常用“A.倍數(shù)as形容詞原級asB”結(jié)構(gòu). (兩倍：twice；三倍以上：數(shù)字times) This table is twice as long as that one. Our school is three times as big as his. 2)表示半數(shù)時，常用“half as形容詞原級as”結(jié)構(gòu). His apples are half as many as his sisters. 3)在“most+形容詞原級”中, most無最高級意思, 而是表示“非常”之意, 且前無定冠詞the. She is a most beautiful girl.【小試牛刀】1. -What _ (excite) news! -Yes,all of the children were _(excite).2. Helen is 15 years old and Joan is 15,too. So Helen is_ _ _Joan.3. 瑪麗是一個十四歲的女孩. _5. 我們教室是你們教室的2倍大._五、形容詞比較級用法 1)表示兩者進行比較時用形容詞比較級，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A.比較級thanB” My hair is longer than yours. 2)比較級前可以用a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等來修飾，以加強語氣 It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin in winter. 3)表示“越來越”，用“比較級and比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，但多音節(jié)形容詞表示“越來越”時，用“more and more形 容詞原級” Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 4)表示“越, 就越”時，用“the比較級, the比較級”結(jié)構(gòu) The harder you work, the more you will get. 5)表示 “比其他任何.都.”, 用“比較級+than any other+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。但兩者進行比較，比較的雙方不在同一 范圍內(nèi)時，不用other. He is clever than any other student in his class. Shanghai is bigger than any city in Canada. 6)表示倍數(shù)時，用“倍數(shù)比較級than”結(jié)構(gòu) Her house is twice bigger than mine. 7)表示“兩者中較的”時，常用“the比較級+of the two”結(jié)構(gòu) Tom is the taller of the two boys. 8)比較級前用 “數(shù)詞+名詞”表示確定的度量 Tom is two years older than I. 9)表示兩者之間進行選擇，用“Which/Who is比較級, A or B?”結(jié)構(gòu). Which book is newer, this one or that one?【小試牛刀】1. Her mother is getting _(fat)and _(fat). 2. He comes to school much _(early) than I.3. The _(much),the_(good). 4. Sue is a little_(beautiful) than her sister5. Your classroom is _(wide)and_(bright)than ours. 6. New York is one of_(large) cities in the world.六、形容詞最高級用法 1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，句末常跟一個 in/of短語來表示范圍，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “the+最高級+of/ in.”. He is the youngest in our class. Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls. 2)表示“哪一個最.”時，用“Which/Who/What is the最高級，A, B or C?”結(jié)構(gòu) What is the biggest animal on land? Who is the tallest, Mary, Nancy or Lily? 3)表示“最之一”時, 用“one of the最高級+復數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu). The pen is one of the most beautiful pens. 4)形容詞最高級前加序數(shù)詞表示“第.最的”. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時，不再加定冠詞the Tomorrow will be my busiest day. 6)形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級含義。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.= Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.= Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.【小試牛刀】1. Which is_(interesting), science, maths or English? 2. The Changjiang River is the_(long)river in China.3.Kather is _(lazy) girl in our dorm. 4. 約翰比班上其他的男生都高._5.這是我最好的朋友._七、含有形容詞的固定短語及常用句型1. 固定短語 1) be+形容詞+at be good at 擅長. be surprised at對.感到吃驚 be angry at 對.生氣 be poor/bad at 不擅長. 2) be+形容詞+about be worried about對.擔心 be sorry about 對.感到遺憾 be careful about 對.小心 be nervous about對.感到緊張 3）be+形容詞+forbe famous for因.而出名 be ready for為.做準備 be good for 對.有好處 be bad for對.有壞處 be known for因.而著名 be sorry for 為.感到抱歉 4）be+形容詞+inbe interested in對.感興趣 be poor/week in在.方面差 be strict in對.嚴格 5）be+形容詞+ofbe afraid of害怕. be full of充滿. be fond of喜歡. be proud of對.感到自豪 be tired of對.感到厭煩 be short of缺少. be sure of對.有把握 6）be+形容詞+tobe kind to對.和藹 be nice/friendly to對.友好 be polite to對.有禮貌 7）be+形容詞+withbe angry with對.生氣 be strict with對.嚴格 be busy with 忙于. be patient with對.有耐心 be popular with受.歡迎 be pleased/satisfied with對.感到滿意2. 常用句型 1）Its+形容詞+of+sb.+to不定式此句型表示“某人做某事是.的”, 常用于此句型的形容詞有kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, right, wrong等.Its very kind of you to help me learn English. Its very clever of you to work out this problem. 2) Its+形容詞+for+sb.+to不定式此句型表示“做某事對某人來說是.的”, 也可以用 “Its+形容詞+that從句”表示此意, 常用于此句型的形容詞有difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, impossible, necessary等. 3) sb. is+形容詞+to不定式 此句型表示“某人做.是.的”, 用于此句型的形容詞是glad, pleased, happy, sorry, sad等表示情緒的形容詞. Im glad to receive your letter again. Im sorry to bring you so much trouble.8、 常見形容詞辨析1. good, fine, nice, well good 通用詞，可以表示各種品質(zhì)方面的優(yōu)異 Its an old film, but its very good. fine 表示上好的，精細的；也可表示健康的，天氣晴朗的 This is a fine watch. Its a fine day today. nice 表示使人感到愉快的、好的 She is a very nice girl. well 表示身體好 -How are you? -Quite well, thank you.2. alone, lonely alone 作形容詞，意為單獨的，獨一無二的，只做表語 He was alone in the house. lonely 作形容詞，意為孤單的，寂寞的，可以做表語，也可做名詞的定語 When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely. The old man lives a lonely life in a cottage.3. interested, interesting interested 多用于修飾人，常用于be interested in中，表示某人對某事感興趣 I am only interested in English. interesting 多用于修飾物，表示事物本身是有趣的 I have many interesting storybooks.4. excited, exciting(同上解釋） Did you see the exciting movie? We all get excited about the good news.5. ill, sick ill 表語形容詞，常作表語 His mother is ill, so he has to stay at home. sick 既可作表語，又可作定語 Although he was ill, he went to work. He is looking after the sick.6. big, large, great, huge huge 強調(diào)尺寸、體積“龐大” They have a huge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves. large 側(cè)重表示三維量值，強調(diào)體積；修飾人時，指個子大；亦可表示范圍、能力、數(shù)量方面的大. Do you want the large size, or the small size? big 可表體積大，但不同于large，它有此外其它的意思. a large box(只表示大) a big box(表示大而重) great 它有令人感到驚奇甚至驚詫的感覺，有時表示給人以敬畏的印象, 意為偉大 He is a great musician. 7. pleased, pleasant pleased 常作表語，意為高興的，喜歡的，相當于happy/glad. 詞組be pleased with 對.感到滿意 Im pleased to see you again. My father was pleased with my success. pleasant 常作定語或表語，意為令人愉快的 The flowers produce a pleasant smell.8. elder, older elder 年長的，只作定語，用來表示長幼順序，不用于比較級 My elder brother is a doctor. older 較老的，可作定語，可作表語，亦可用于比較級 Amy is 5 years older than Mary.9. farther, further farther 表示距離 Rome is father from London than Pairs is. 羅馬比巴黎離倫敦更遠. further 表示程度 She wants to go abroad for a further study. 【重難點例題啟發(fā)與方法總結(jié)】【真題再現(xiàn)】1. -Terra, you shouldnt be so _.You always leave your things here and there. -Sorry, mom.Ill put them away soon. A. terrified B. cheerful C. careless D. frightened【答案】C【解析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析: terrified“恐怖的”；cheerful“振奮的”；careless“粗心的”；frightened“害怕的”。2. -Would you mind staying in such a noisy room? -No, but my son needs a _place to study in. A. cleaner B. quieter C. safer D. smaller【答案】B【解析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析及比較級的用法，句意為“你介意待在一個如此吵鬧的房間里 嗎? ”“不，但我兒子需要一個更為安靜的地方學習?！币騨oisy與quiet相對，故選B。3. Li Huas shoes are as_as Zhang Huis. A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest【答案】A【解析】本題考查分詞形容詞原級比較級as+形容詞原級+as的用法。4. The actress is already 50, but she looks _than she really is. A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger【答案】D【解析】本題考查形容詞比較級的用法。由than知需要使用比較級。young是普通的單音節(jié)形容詞， 直接加er構(gòu)成比較級形式；much可以修飾形容詞的比較級，表示“得多”。故選D。5. -Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. -OK. Lets give him _to eat. A.anything different B.different anything C.something different D.different something【答案】C 【解析】形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置，而且此題是肯定祈使句，所以答案是C.6. -Do you like the film? -Yes, I do. In fact, Ive never seen a _one. A.good B.better C.worse D.bad【答案】B【解析】本題考查形容詞比較級, 根據(jù)語境可知，此題要表達 “更好的”, 是與以前相比較，所以應 用good的比較級，故選A。7. Funtawild Adventure is very popular and _tourists visit it year by year. A.more and more B.fewer and fewer C.less and less D.more or less【答案】A【解析】由前面的“非常受歡迎”可知應是越來越多的游客參觀它?！氨容^級and比較級”意為“越來越”。8. The more you smile, the_you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞比較級用法中的“the比較級，the比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越越”9. -Which city has _ population, Shanghai, Hong Kong or Qingdao? -Shanghai, of course. A.the smallest B.the least C.the most D.the largest【答案】D【解析】本題考查形容詞的最高級。表示人口多用large，人口少用small，故排除B、C兩項；由 地理知識可知，上海、香港和青島三個城市中，上海的人口最多，由答語“當然是上?！笨芍xD10. We have a lovely room. Its one of _in the hotel. A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest【答案】D【解析】本題考查形容詞的最高級用法，表示 “最.之一”應用 “one of +the+形容詞最高級”.【重難點關(guān)聯(lián)練習鞏固與方法總結(jié)】【實戰(zhàn)演習】1. -What do you think of the car? -It looks beautiful.I like it but I cant afford it. Its _ than I expected. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive2. -We all like Miss Wang. -I agree with you. She always makes her English classes _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting3. During this years Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one reads _books than I. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer4. This dictionary is pretty cheap. The price of it is _ of the three. A. very low B. quite low C. the lowest D. much lower5. -Excuse me，sir. The shoes are a bit small for me. -Dont worry.Ill change them for a _ size. A. smaller B. smallest C. larger D. largest6. -I think science is more useful than art. -I disagree. I think art is _ science. A. not so useful as B. less useful than C. the most useful of D. as useful as7. Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time. A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower8. Is Williams life style _ Davids ? A. the same B. same as C. same to D. the same as9. -Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick? -Leo was more careful.I think Leo did _ Nick. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than10. -Why dont you like winter in Beijing? -Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou. A. as cold as B. much colder than C. not so cold as D. not colder than11. -How can I get along well with others, father? -Try to smile to others, boy.That will make _ much _. A. them; easier B. them; more easy C. it; easy D. it; easier12. Im really _before the exam.(2011臨沂) Take it easy.You are the best. A. surprised B. nervous C. comfortable D. confident13. -What is your favorite sport? -Swimming, I think.Its _ of all. A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring14. -Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa? -The programs on Channel 10 are _ better. A. more much B. the much C. more D. much15. -How about the dishes? -Fantastic! Nothing tastes _. A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse16. The tour guide has made the route for the school trip.We dont need to _ that. A. be worried about B. be afraid of C. be sorry for17. -All of us are proud of the progress hes made during the past five years. -Yes.Were sure he will be even _. A. successful B. more successful C. most successful D. successfully18. Hainan is a very