cet6改錯(cuò).doc

改錯(cuò)題解析 改錯(cuò)部分（error correction）是一種主觀測(cè)試題，其目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。題型通常為一篇200字左右的短文，文中分布有共10個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，有錯(cuò)誤標(biāo)號(hào)的行中最多只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。要求考生通過(guò)改正、增添或刪除行中的某個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)的方式寫出答案。答題時(shí)間為15分鐘。 改錯(cuò)題綜合了閱讀理解、詞匯與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)兩種題型的特點(diǎn)，它不僅測(cè)試考生對(duì)篇章的理解能力，而且也測(cè)試考生對(duì)詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握；同時(shí)，它還檢查考生拼寫單詞的能力。 當(dāng)然，了解錯(cuò)誤類型也是答題方法之一。從形式上看，需要糾正的錯(cuò)誤分為兩類：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤和用詞錯(cuò)誤，而且這兩種錯(cuò)誤有時(shí)是互相關(guān)聯(lián)的。用詞方面可能是意義或形式容易混淆的詞，可能是意義相反的詞，也可能是語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤或搭配錯(cuò)誤的詞；語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤可能是詞形變化有誤造成的，它可能是詞形、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、性、數(shù)、格等語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤。 一、?？嫉湫湾e(cuò)誤 1、一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤1)主謂一致主謂不一致錯(cuò)誤是CET-6綜合改錯(cuò)題內(nèi)容之一，主要表現(xiàn)為主語(yǔ)名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間隔較長(zhǎng)，首尾不能相接，造成視覺(jué)上的混淆。例：The president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.句中主語(yǔ)的主詞為單數(shù)名詞“president”，介詞短語(yǔ)“together with the workers”與主語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)，是插入成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)is。2)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)有時(shí)名詞可以不用復(fù)數(shù)，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明確的量詞修飾，如many,several,a number of,a variety of等等，就要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields.句中名詞use前的修飾語(yǔ)many是用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的，所以u(píng)se應(yīng)改為uses。3)代詞與先行詞一致代詞的主要功能是指代已出現(xiàn)的名詞、詞組或一個(gè)意群，因此代詞的出現(xiàn)必須有所指，而且形、數(shù)等必須與前面所代的部份相符。這是代詞改錯(cuò)的核心。例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中without them指的是沒(méi)有幾門語(yǔ)言的知識(shí)。them錯(cuò)指a knowledge of several languages，因?yàn)槠渲衚nowledge是中心詞，所以要把them改為it。2、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤在一篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語(yǔ)義連續(xù)的短文中，時(shí)態(tài)的使用也應(yīng)該連貫一致，但是英語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間時(shí)，主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)可能不一致，卻仍表明完整正確的意思。這就要求考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)敏感，準(zhǔn)確判斷句中動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。例：He cant remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中有once(從前)作為明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因而從句中動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)knew。2)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤在CET-6綜合改錯(cuò)題中最常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被誤用為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣上有時(shí)不加“被”字也能表示被動(dòng)，因而考生對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不敏感。另外，不及物動(dòng)詞不能攜帶賓語(yǔ)，因而也就沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：當(dāng)她聽(tīng)這個(gè)敘述的時(shí)候，她很生氣沒(méi)有被告知真相。這里“她”是被告訴的對(duì)象，因而telling應(yīng)改為being told。3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)誤虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用錯(cuò)誤在綜合改錯(cuò)題中主要表現(xiàn)為主句和從句的語(yǔ)氣不協(xié)調(diào)。例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中動(dòng)詞suggest之后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故is應(yīng)改為be或should be。類似的動(dòng)詞還有demand, insist, order，等等。3、連接詞、并列句、從屬句這類錯(cuò)誤常常不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗粚儆诰渥觾?nèi)部的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，而是句子與句子之間的串聯(lián)的關(guān)系。要想把這類錯(cuò)誤糾正出來(lái)，需要考生對(duì)文章有總體的理解，頭腦中有個(gè)大的框架。一般改錯(cuò)中的連接詞錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)使句子的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生改變，或造成句子的語(yǔ)義邏輯混亂。例：Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, sincetechnology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like.句中連詞“since”用錯(cuò)了，逗號(hào)前后的兩個(gè)句子從句意上是對(duì)照關(guān)系，但是since使之變成了因果關(guān)系，整個(gè)句子變得模糊不清。應(yīng)把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。4、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)這類錯(cuò)誤主要考較不常見(jiàn)的形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)形式。一般來(lái)講，考生不難掌握。例：Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.此句costly是形容詞，意思是“昂貴的”。它的比較級(jí)形式是more costly。costlier是錯(cuò)誤的形式，須改成costly。5、平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤主要指在連接詞and前后語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)等、不平行。例：Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.本句中三個(gè)平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因而to be dropped應(yīng)改為to drop。6、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是令人頭疼的改錯(cuò)類型，它包括不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞。六級(jí)改錯(cuò)中主要出現(xiàn)的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的混淆。例：The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：the idea是主語(yǔ)；is realized是謂語(yǔ)部分；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。從句中l(wèi)earn a foreign language是主語(yǔ)，而learn是動(dòng)詞形式，應(yīng)改為動(dòng)名詞“l(fā)earning”。 7、固定搭配 固定搭配主要包括動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞同介詞的搭配以及其它許多慣用法等。解答這類題的關(guān)鍵在于考生掌握大量的短語(yǔ)及固定搭配。 例：It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology. 句中“takes rise to”是錯(cuò)誤搭配，應(yīng)把“takes”改為gives?！癵ive rise to”是固定表達(dá)，有“引起、導(dǎo)致”的意思?？忌枰綍r(shí)積累動(dòng)介詞、動(dòng)副詞等詞組以及諸多習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。 8、詞性錯(cuò)誤 詞性誤用句中，錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在形容詞、名詞、副詞上。做這類改錯(cuò)題，首先要判斷詞性及詞在句中的位置，然后根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲兴幍奈恢脕?lái)確定詞性是否正確。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，副詞修飾形容詞。 例：We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job. 句中形容詞necessary用于修飾形容詞capable,屬于詞性誤用，應(yīng)改為副詞形式necessarily。9、易混淆的詞 英語(yǔ)詞匯中有很多詞在拼寫上、語(yǔ)義上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise,effect/affect,但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。這些易混淆的詞構(gòu)成六級(jí)改錯(cuò)的一個(gè)重要錯(cuò)誤類型。 例：His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中“award”是“頒發(fā)，授予(獎(jiǎng)賞)”之義，而文中想要表達(dá)的意思是“汽車終于啟動(dòng)了，那就是對(duì)他堅(jiān)持不懈精神的回報(bào)?！睉?yīng)把a(bǔ)ward改成reward。 二、解題思路與技巧 從上面的錯(cuò)誤類型分析可知，做改錯(cuò)題一定要具有一雙“慧眼”。重要的不是自己會(huì)運(yùn)用一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)或知識(shí)點(diǎn)，而是能夠識(shí)別出錯(cuò)誤的用法，以審查的眼光去面對(duì)每一個(gè)改錯(cuò)題。這就需要掌握必要的答題步驟和技巧。 答題步驟： 1)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，做題時(shí)千萬(wàn)不要拿起來(lái)就改。先花一、兩分鐘從頭到尾通讀全文，對(duì)文章大致內(nèi)容有所了解，做到心中有數(shù)。 2)然后把重點(diǎn)放在有錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)的標(biāo)有題號(hào)行，尋找較容易辯認(rèn)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，如主謂不一致、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤等等。 3)如果錯(cuò)行中不存在上述明顯錯(cuò)誤，則應(yīng)查看是否有詞語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤，易混詞錯(cuò)誤、詞性錯(cuò)誤等等細(xì)節(jié)錯(cuò)誤。 4)如果錯(cuò)行中既不存在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，也不存在詞匯錯(cuò)誤，則從整體上查看上下文意思是否連貫，連接詞是否使用正確，是否有邏輯混亂的現(xiàn)象，如否定句誤用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意：有時(shí)沒(méi)有錯(cuò)項(xiàng)的行對(duì)改錯(cuò)很有幫助。 5)找到錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)之后，按要求形式進(jìn)行改正、刪去或增添，并設(shè)法找到一個(gè)正確項(xiàng)使句子在語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義和邏輯上都成立。 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behaviorViewing biologically， S1 _ the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting packHis killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his divy into a goal-mouthIf his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal， S2_ enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his divy S3_ To understand how this transformation has taken place，we must briefly look up at our S4_ ancient ancestorsThey spent over a million year S5_ evolving as co-operative huntersTheir very survival depended on success in the hunting-fieldUnder this divssure their whole way of life，even if their bodies，became radically S6_ changedThey became chasers，runners， jumpers，aimers，throwers and divy-killers S7_ They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers Then，about ten thousand years ago，when S8_ this immensely long formative period of hunting for food，they became farmersTheir improved intelligence，so vital to their old hunting life， were put to a new use-that of penning， S9_controlling and domesticating their divyThe food was there on the farms， awaiting their needsThe risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival S10_ 本文大意： 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是從狩獵演變而來(lái)。足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員就來(lái)自獵人，狩獵的武器就是足球，獵物就是球門。這一演變的由來(lái)可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期。人們花了一百多萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間學(xué)會(huì)了在狩獵中相互協(xié)作。人們生存的保障取決于獵場(chǎng)的成果。為了生存人們練就各種本領(lǐng)，然而，約在一萬(wàn)年前，人們才想到了圈養(yǎng)獵物以備食用。 本文的難度： 1在詞匯方面，使用了一些合成詞：foot- baller（踢足球的人），goal-mouth（球門）， hunting-field（獵場(chǎng)），divy-killers（捕殺獵物的人），male-group（一群男性的）；另外有一些詞詞形變化很大：modified（改變的），biologically（生物學(xué)上），transformation（轉(zhuǎn)換）， evolving（演變），formative（有助于形成的）， domesticating（把作為家禽來(lái)飼養(yǎng)）。 2在結(jié)構(gòu)方面，有許多詞語(yǔ)充分借助詞語(yǔ)本身及句子所含的邏輯關(guān)系，表達(dá)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、緊湊，增加了理解上的難度。 Viewing biologically，the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack（從生物演變角度來(lái)看，現(xiàn)代踢足球的人便出自一伙喬裝打扮的獵人。） Under this divssure their whole way of life， even if their bodies，became radically changed（在這種壓力下，他們整個(gè)的生活方式，乃至他們的身體，都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。） this immensely long formative period of hunting for food（極為漫長(zhǎng)的原始狩獵期） Their improved intelligence，so vital to their old hunting life，were put to a new use- that of penning（把關(guān)在圈中），controlling and domesticating their divy（他們的智力得以增強(qiáng)，這對(duì)他們過(guò)去的狩獵生活極為重要。他們的才智派上了新的用暢-把獵物關(guān)在圈中，看管起來(lái)，作為家禽來(lái)飼養(yǎng)。） 答案及解析： S1Viewing Viewed。這句話中，viewing的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the modern footballer，是指人們從生物演變角度來(lái)看，因此兩者存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 S2inaccurate accurate。只有目標(biāo)明確，才能進(jìn)球得分。目標(biāo)不明確和得分在語(yǔ)義上自相矛盾。 S3enjoys he enjoys。從這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，是復(fù)合句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，從his aim可以得知，應(yīng)加上主語(yǔ)he。 S4look up at look at。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是：要想了解這種演變，我們就必須簡(jiǎn)要地研究（回顧）一下我們遠(yuǎn)古的祖先。look at有看，朝看，研究的意思。look up at意思是朝上看，在此不通順。此處的另外一種改法是把up改為back，成為look back at，其意思為回顧。 S5year years。數(shù)詞，如hundred，thousand，million，billion等，加上名詞后，數(shù)詞仍舊為單數(shù)，名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。 S6even if even。這里表示進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，不是表示條件，要去掉if。even if為連詞，意思是即使，縱然。 S7and or。原文中chasers，runners， jumpers，aimers，throwers與divy-killers之間應(yīng)該是選擇并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)nd改為or。 S8when after。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是：大約在一萬(wàn)多年前，經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的原始狩獵期后，他們成了農(nóng)民。根據(jù)上下文的意思，應(yīng)該是表示在之后。 S9were was。主語(yǔ)their improved intelligence是單數(shù)。 S10farming hunting。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是：狩獵的危險(xiǎn)和收獲的不穩(wěn)定，再也不是生存中極其重要的了。根據(jù)上下文來(lái)看，務(wù)農(nóng)只會(huì)帶來(lái)穩(wěn)定的生活。 Animation（動(dòng)畫(huà)）means making things which are lifeless comeAlive and move. At earliest times, people have always been fascinated by 1._movement. But not until this century we managed to capture 2._movement, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it and recreate it. To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projector. In the world of animation, everything is impossible. You can make 3._ the characters you create do exactly what you want them to do. A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat, creating by Pat Sullivan in 4._ America in the early nineteen twenties. Felix was a marvelous cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do as taking off his tail, using it for a handle and then putting it back. The famous Walt Disney 5._ cartoon characteristics came to life after 1928. Popeye the Sailorman and 6._ his girl friend Olive. Olive are born at the Max Fleischer studios in 1933. But 7._to be an animator, you dont have to be a profession. It is possible for 8._ anyone to make a simple animated film without use a camera at all. All 9._ what you have to do is draw directly on to blank film and then run the film 10._ through a projector. 參考答案及解析： 1At - Since 介詞誤用，屬詞法錯(cuò)誤題。此介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故介詞應(yīng)用since。 2we 前加have 句法錯(cuò)誤。狀語(yǔ)not until提前，后面的主句主謂倒裝，根據(jù)上下文和謂語(yǔ)managed可推斷該句應(yīng)為完成時(shí)。 3everything - nothing 或 impossible - possible邏輯反義詞，屬邏輯錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上下文和文章中心內(nèi)容，此處應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是“在卡通動(dòng)畫(huà)世界里，沒(méi)有什么是不可能的”。 4creating - created 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用，屬詞法錯(cuò)誤。此處的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)Felix the Cat（菲力克斯貓）是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。 5for - like或as 介詞錯(cuò)誤。“把.當(dāng).用”應(yīng)該說(shuō)為 uselike / as. 6characteristics - characters 近形詞混淆，屬詞法錯(cuò)誤。Characteristic意為“特點(diǎn)、特性”，而此處指的是“卡通人物”，故用characters. 7are - were 8profession - professional近形詞混淆。Profession是名詞，意為“職業(yè)”，而這里指的意思應(yīng)該是“專業(yè)人員”，professional作形容詞時(shí)意為“專業(yè)的”，作名詞時(shí)意為“專業(yè)人員”。 9use - using 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。介詞后面應(yīng)該跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 10what - that 或 / Unlike any earlier building complex anywhere in the world, Rocke-Feller in New York City was built, not for a place where people could 1. _ live in, but as a city in which they could work. It was one of the 2._ smallest building projects of its kind, a city within city, and of the forerunner 3. _ of projects that has sprung up all over the world. 30 architects, 120 draftsmen, 4. _ and hundreds of other artists and technicians are employed just to 5. _ draft the plan. Before the buildings could be erect, 229 old buildings had 6. _to be emptied of 4,000 tenants and razed. Just to buy up the leases tookover two years and cost over $6,000,000. The unusual shape and setbacksof the 70-story RCA building resulted primary from practical considerations 7. _ such as lighting, the movement of people and the buildings services. The lower concourse and basement level were set aside for shops. A Sunken plaza, complete with yards and fountains, were designed to provide 8. _ access in these shops. Today the plaza, which is used for ice-skating 9. _ winter and dining and dancing in summer, is one of the centers most popular attraction. 10. _ 鞏固與拓展： 1head - mind 本題考查固定搭配keep in mind的用法，意思為“記住” 2Rooms后加with 本題考查fill sth with sth 的用法，意思為“使充滿，使填滿”。注意還有be filled with，be full of 的用法，兩個(gè)的意思同樣為“填滿了、充滿了”。 3consisted后加of consist為不及物動(dòng)詞，如果要再后面跟賓語(yǔ)的話應(yīng)先加上of，意思為“由構(gòu)成”。 4make - take take advantage of 為固定搭配，意思為“利用”，與其同樣意思的詞組還有make use of。 5by - for 綜合練習(xí)： 1for - as 介詞誤用。根據(jù)句意，此處意思是“作為”的意思，故用as。 2去掉第一個(gè)in 句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。此處定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞為where，證明從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；live后面如果使用in，那么從句就只卻賓語(yǔ)，所以將in去掉。 3smallest - biggest 邏輯錯(cuò)誤。整篇文章講的都是紐約城洛克菲勒地區(qū)的建設(shè)如何完善和巨大，因此它成為“城中城”，可見(jiàn)此處要說(shuō)的是“它是同類型項(xiàng)目中最大的一個(gè)”，故將smallest改為biggest 4has - have 主謂不一致。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和先行詞保持一致，此處先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用have。 5are - were 整篇文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此處依然將過(guò)去的事情，故將are改為were。 6erect - erected 此處是典型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞后面要使用過(guò)去分詞。 7primary - primarily 詞性混淆。此處應(yīng)該用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞resulted。 8were - was 主謂不一致。本句的主語(yǔ)為A Sunken plaza，而complete with yards and fountains只是插入語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 9in - to 此處access to 意為“通向的入口”，與其相關(guān)的詞組還有have access to（to為介詞） ,意思為“有權(quán)利，有機(jī)會(huì)做” 。 10attraction - attractions名次單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題。前面有了one of，attraction又時(shí)可數(shù)名詞，故使用復(fù)數(shù) 1.You have to practice speak English as much as possible _1_now since you are going to England next year 2.Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the _2_global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources 3.At the beginning of 19th century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being _3_poor and dangerous. 4.Today, the Mona Lisa looks rather somber, in dull shapes of brown and yellow. This is due to a layer of varnish cover the _4_paint, which has yellowed over the years 5.We should avoid from those shallow people who are easily _5_changed by adversities misfortune. 6.Taking together, these factors enabled the working class to exist _6_but allowed them no sense of security. 7.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago , most of them locating in outlying areas. _7_ 8.Charles Deschanel stressed that the French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance between its import and export trade. _8_ 9. Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. _9_ 10. Television, it is often said, keeps one informing about current _10_events and the latest developments in science and politics.參考答案及解析 1. speak- speakingpractise后的賓語(yǔ)要用-ing形式。 2. Consider - Considering 3. being - were 4. cover - covering此處的cover用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞a layer of varnish，可見(jiàn)應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。另外兩者間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞。 5. from - avoid是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)。 6. Taking - Taken此處的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take與主句主語(yǔ)these factors之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 7. locating - locatedmost of them locating in outlying areas這句是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，them指代的是residential lots，be located in表示“坐落在”，locate要用過(guò)去分詞。 8. between - balance作動(dòng)作詞時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，后面不用加介詞，意思是“使平衡”。 9. remain leaveremain：保持、仍然，是一個(gè)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，其用法和系動(dòng)詞“be”相似，后面所接成分一般是名詞或形容詞，作表語(yǔ)。leave是“留下，留給”的意思，是及物動(dòng)詞。leave sth.to sb：把某物留給某人。所以應(yīng)把remain改成leave。 10. informing - informed本題中one指的是人，one與inform之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，informed作的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Keep + sth /sb + a / v-ing / v-ed，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞取決于它與sth / sb之間是被動(dòng)還是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Ifyousmokeandyoustilldontbelievethattheresadefinitelink betweensmokeandtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer,1._ andyouarecertainlydeceivingyourself.Noonewillaccuseyou2._withhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfromabadcase of 3._ wishfulthinking.Thisneedntmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecause you are inagoodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthis4._ raised,thegovernmentsofmostcountrieshearnoevil,seenoevild smellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshavenottakentimid 5._ measures.In Britain forinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeenbannedon television.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,whilethepopulation continuestopuffitswaytosmoky,cancerousdeath. Youdonthavetolookveryfartofindoutthattheofficialreactions6._ tomedicalfindingshavebeensolukewarm.Theanswerissimplemoney.7._ Tobaccoisawonderfulcommoditytotax.Itsalmostlikeataxon ourdailybread.Intaxrevenuelonely,thegovernmentof Britain 8._ collectenoughfromsmokerstopayforitsentirelyeducationalfacilities.9._ Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmay, conceivably,harmful,itdoesntdotoshouttooloudlyaboutit.10._ 參考答案及解析： 鞏固與拓展 1experiences-experience 當(dāng)experience為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意思是“經(jīng)歷”，當(dāng)為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意思為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。根據(jù)句子的意思，應(yīng)該是“教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。 2woman-women 由man、woman、lord構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)前后兩個(gè)詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。 3phenomena-phenomenon或this-these phenomena是phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式。前面有this修飾，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 4voice-noise voice意思是“（人的）聲音”，而noise指的是噪聲。 5object-objects 綜合練習(xí) 1smoke-smoking smoke作名詞時(shí)意為“煙霧”，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“吸煙”。此處指吸煙和肺部疾病的關(guān)系 故使用smoking。 2and-/或and-then and是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)對(duì)稱的分句。但此處前面是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不對(duì)稱，故應(yīng)該去掉and或?qū)nd改為then，使后面變成主句 3with-of accusesbofsth意為“為.而控告或譴責(zé)某人”，不能使用介詞with 4a-/ 此處顯然不是“在一家好公司”(inagoodcompany)的意思，而是說(shuō)“有人和你作伴”(ingoodcompany)。此處的company意為“陪伴”，抽象名詞，前面不用冠祠。 5not-/ 邏輯錯(cuò)誤 6that-why 此處的意思是要找到“為什么官方對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)冷淡”。 7simple-simply 這里的句意是“答案僅僅是錢”，故使用副詞simply。simple的意思是“簡(jiǎn)單”。 8lonely-alone lonely意為“孤獨(dú)”的，alone意為“單獨(dú)，一個(gè)”，此處意為“單稅收一項(xiàng)”，故用alone 9collect-collects 本句的主語(yǔ)是hegovernmentofBritain，是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)collect也要用單數(shù)。 10harmful前加be 本句的conceivably是插入語(yǔ)，如果不看它的話，就很容易看出這個(gè)句子缺少了系動(dòng)詞be 鞏固與拓展 1The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-yearcampaign to remove leprosy (麻風(fēng)病) as a world healthproblem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world _has been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years. 2I was in hurry to get off and forgot to check the packages _lying on the floor. I should be more careful next time. 3. She touched him on his head with a smile and said, _“ My boy, why not play what you know well” 4.A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. _ 5With a team of the researchers at Tokyo National University , _he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs 綜合練習(xí) Americans love pets. And its not just puppy love, either. Many petowners