高中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)整理.doc

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考高中英語被動語態(tài)講解1、 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：動作承受者+助動詞be（各種時(shí)態(tài)）+及物動詞的過去分詞+（by+動作發(fā)出者）1. That boy breaks the glass. The glass is broken by that boy.2、 被動語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1. We request visitors not to touch the exhibits.(do) Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits (by us).( am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動語態(tài))2.The boss gave me ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. (did)I _ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer (by the boss). （ was/were done 一般過去時(shí)被動語態(tài)）3.People will/shall lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.(will/shall do) Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.(will/shall be done) The city is going to hold the winter Olympic Games.(be going to do ) The winter Olympic Games_ by the city.(be going to be done ) The cat is about to catch the mouse when I come in.(be about to do) The mouse _ by the cat when i come in.(be about to be done) I am to buy a car in the coming month.(be to do) A car _ by me in the coming month.(be to be done) (will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to +be done)一般將來時(shí)被動語態(tài)引申:People would/should/ were going to/were about to/were to send the news to soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. The news _ the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.4.We have completed all the preparation for the task. (have done) All the preparations for the task _ by us.(have been done) (have been done)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)5. By the end of last year, Beijing had completed another new gym.(had done) By the end of last year, another new gym _in Beijing.(had been done) (had been done)過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)6. We will have completed the project before September.(will have done) The project _ before July(will have been done). (will have been done)將來完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)7. The city is building a new cinema here.(be doing) A new cinema _ here by the city.(be being done)（3）、（ ）漸漸（ ）。 (be being done)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動語態(tài)很紅很紅的蘋果 很多很多的小鳥 很美很美的花兒8.They were holding a meeting when I was there.(be doing)重輕 圓扁 東西 生死 胖瘦 頭尾 寬窄 美丑 進(jìn)出 臭香 A meeting _ when I was there.(be being done)溫暖的春天 炎熱的夏天 涼爽的秋天 寒冷的冬天 (be being done)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動語態(tài)美麗的鮮花 美麗的春天 美麗的孔雀三. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。The baby-sitter should take good care of the baby.The baby _by the baby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He _by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy _a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 1柳樹醒了、9兩只鳥蛋、4春曉、村居、13所見、小池、14荷葉圓圓、16要下雨了（自選）、18四個(gè)太陽、19烏鴉喝水、20司馬光、24畫家鄉(xiāng)（自選）、25快樂的節(jié)日 A stranger _ into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。We put off the meeting till Friday.名（有名）（出名）（名字）（成名）（名氣）The meeting _ till Friday.1柳樹醒了、9兩只鳥蛋、4春曉、村居、13所見、小池、14荷葉圓圓、16要下雨了（自選）、18四個(gè)太陽、19烏鴉喝水、20司馬光、24畫家鄉(xiāng)（自選）、25快樂的節(jié)日四、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbedonethat從句”或“主語bedoneto do sth.”。有：It is said that/It is said to do 據(jù)說,It is reported that/It is reported to do據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that/It is believed to do大家相信，It is hoped that/It is hoped to do大家希望，It is well known that/It is well known to do眾所周知，It is thought that/It is thought to do大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that/It is suggested to do據(jù)建議。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）五、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動形式 表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.六、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；The picture-book is well worth reading3. I have a lot of things to do this afternoon A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q 4. 形容詞不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interesting to work out .七、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時(shí)表示主語承受的動作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：The glass is broken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy （被動語態(tài)）七、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.6、量詞填空。A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided5). The manager was happy to learn that the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked6. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. Developed B. have developed C. are being developedD. will have been developed 7. The new bridge _ by the end of next month.A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. Will have been designed 8.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt 9. It is