自制定語從句課件

高中英語語法專題 定語從句 Learningaims學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1 什么是定語 哪些可以作定語 2 什么是定語從句 什么是先行詞 什么是關(guān)系詞 定語從句有哪些關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞的作用是什么 定語從句的位置 定語 修飾名詞或代詞的成分 哪些可做定語 名詞 名詞所有格 形容詞 數(shù)詞 代詞 分詞或分詞短語 動詞不定式 介詞短語 定語從句等 Eg 1 Theyarewomenworkers 2 Tom sfatherdidn twritehomeuntilyesterday 3 Equalpayforequalworkshouldbeintroduced 4 Theplayhasthreeacts 5 ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope 6 Chinaisadevelopingcountry 7 Thebooksontheshelfaremine 8 Themanstandingthereismyfather 8 ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere 名詞 名詞所有格 形容詞 數(shù)詞 代詞 數(shù)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 介詞短語 從句 分詞短語 定語從句定義 在復(fù)合句 兩個或兩個以上的句子 中 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句 先行詞 是定語從句所修飾的詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞 包括that which who m whose關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞 包括when where why關(guān)系詞作用 一 連接定語從句二 代替先行詞在句中充當(dāng)某個成分 Eg Thegirlwhowearsredclothesismysister 其中 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句 注意 這句話可拆成兩個句子 但為了使句子更連貫合在一起成了定語從句 Thegirlwearsredclothes Thegirlismysister 主句 注意 翻譯時應(yīng)該把定語從句翻譯在先行詞之前 的 譯 那個穿紅衣服的女孩是我的姐姐 關(guān)系詞有以下幾個 所修飾的先行詞所作成分That 人 物主語 賓語 可省去 表語Which物主語 賓語 可省去 Who人主語 賓語 可省去 Whom人賓語 可省去 Whose人 物定語When時間名詞時間狀語Where地點名詞地點狀語Why原因名詞原因狀語Thestory that youreadistherescue 在這句話中that指物 做賓語 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 分析下列定語從句1 Thestudentswhodon tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 先行詞students 關(guān)系詞 who 定語從句 whodon tstudyhard 2 ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher 3 TomistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher 4 Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor 請進(jìn)一步分析定語從句及成分 用適合的關(guān)系代詞填空 方法 1 看先行詞是人是物 2 看所缺成分 1 Aplaneisamachine canfly 2 Thecar myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen 3 Thestudents don tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 4 Thewoman yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher which that which that who that whom that who 6 Misssmithistheteacher housecaughtfirelastweek 7 Theyplantedthetrees don tneedmuchwater whose Which that 將下面的簡單句改寫成定語從句 并進(jìn)行翻譯 1 Imetthegirl ThegirllookslikeLily Imetthegirlwho thatlookslikeLily 2 Thehouseismine Thehousestandsonthehill Thehousewhich thatstandsonthehillismine 3 ThemanisinShanghai Hewantedtoseethemanlastweek Themanwho thathewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai 4 Thecupismine tombrokethecup Thecupwhich that brokeismine 5 Iknowtheboy Theboy sparentsareteachers Iknowtheboywhoseparentsareteachers 6 Doyouknowthegirl Thegirl smotherworkshere Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherworkshere 我們知道that和who都能用作主語 賓語 都指人 that和which都能用作主語和賓語 都指物 但是以下情況只能用that1先行詞既有指人又有指物 2當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時 3先行詞被有theonly thevery 恰好 剛好 thejust 恰好 剛好 thelast no little few any等修飾時 4先行詞是all much few little any one everything anything nothing thing s little none 等不定代詞時 5主句是以who which what開頭的特殊疑問句時6當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時 Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitwas Fillinthegaps 1 Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle wereinthefields 2 Thewindblewdownthetallesttree isinfrontofourschoolgate 3 Thisistheverything Iwaslookingfor 4 Thisisthesecondnovel Ihaveeverread 5 Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenme 6 Whoistheman isreadingunderthetree 7 Myhometownisnotthesameone itusedtobetwentyyearsago that that that 不填 that 不填 that that that 二 只能用who的情況當(dāng)先行詞為one ones anyone those修飾人和therebe句型中 Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished Thereisateacherwhowantstoseeyou 三 只能用which不能用that的情況 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物 或整個句子時 a Brucewenttowardthefire whichwasstillsmoking b Hecamelateagain whichmadetheteacherangry 關(guān)系代詞whom which在從句中作介詞的賓語時 可以和介詞一起放在從句和先行詞之間 Mr Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite Thisisthehouseinwhichyoulive Thisisthehouse youlivein Which that B 與謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣1 Haveyoufoundthebook Ipaid29USdollars 2 Haveyoufoundthebook Ispent29USdollars 3 Haveyoufoundthebook welearntalot 4 Haveyoufoundthebook sheoftentalks forwhich onwhich fromwhich aboutwhich 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 Mysister whoistwenty worksinabank Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain 限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意義 這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切 寫時不用逗號分開 非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不很密切 只是對先行詞作些附加說明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 這種從句 寫時往往與逗號分開 并且不用that 關(guān)系副詞 在從句中只作狀語 不作主賓 When時間狀語Where地點壯語Why原因狀語 1 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing 2 Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear 3 Hecouldn tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool 注意 其中關(guān)系副詞 介詞 which 用什么介詞看先行詞 1 onwhich2 inwhich3 forwhich 歸納 關(guān)系副詞when指時間 關(guān)系副詞where指地點 why指原因 在定語從句中作狀語 但是 即使先行詞是時間地點 若作從句中的主賓語 只能用關(guān)系代詞that which注意 有時候關(guān)系副詞 介詞 which 用什么介詞看先行詞 Fillintheblanks 1 Istillremembertheday wespentintheforest 2 Istillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing 3 Thefactory wewillvisitislarge 4 I llneverforgetthetime weworkonthefarm 5 Thisisthehouse welivedlastyear that which when onwhich that which when atwhich where inwhich 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 即 介詞 whom which 引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)注意 1介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A 與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1 Iwillneverforgettheday Ijoinedthearmy 2 Iwillneverforgetthedays Iworkedintheschool 3 Iwillneverforgettheyear mysonwenttocollege 4 Igothomeat7 00p m yesterday mostpeoplehadhadsupper onwhich duringwhich inwhich bywhich 選講 1 Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk 2 Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek theone Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek 3 Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking for 4 ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily 歸納 1定語從句要避免成分重復(fù)2定語從句要避免漏用先行詞3含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開 選講 Corrections 1 Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher who 2 Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim 3 Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids wherewhich 4 ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused whichthat 5 Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge wherewhich that 6 Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake 2 介詞 whom which 與 whom which that 介詞 的轉(zhuǎn)換 1 Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood Thechair which that sheissittingonismadeofwood 2 Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor 介詞for不能與look分開 3 way作先行詞1 Theway inwhich that helooksattheproblemsiswrong 4 表所有關(guān)系及整體中的一部分或全部時 用介詞of 有時可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換 1 Thereare100teachersinourschool 60arewomenteachers 2 Hehasthreechildren two workasteachers 3 Thattablehasfourlegs all areveryshort 4 I mpaintingahouse theroof isround I mpaintingahousewhoseroofis 5 Theyliveinahouse windowsfacesouth Theyliveinahouse thewindows facesouth ofwhom ofwhom ofwhich ofwhich whose ofwhich 用介詞 關(guān)系代詞填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom windowhecouldclimbdown 2 He stheman Ilearntthenews 3 Who sthecomrade youjustshookhands 4 Thereare52studentsinourclass nearly40areLeaguemembers 5 Iknowaladythehusband isaNobelPrizewinner 6 Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident amanwaskilled 7 Thisistheway shestudiesEnglish throughwhose fromwhom withwhom ofwhom ofwhom inwhich inwhich 8 The5yuan heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend 9 ThestoryaboutShakespeare thisisoneexample iswellwritten 10 Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses hecan tseeanything 11 Thekey shewasopeningthedoorbroke 12 Thelibrary weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool 13 Nooneknowthereason sheisleavingsoearly 14 Atlasttheycametoariver anewbridgeisbeingbuilt forwhich ofwhich without which withwhich towhich forwhich overwhich 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 Completethefollowingsentences 1 Isthistheschool youvisitedlastyear Isthisschool youvisitedlastyear 2 Heisoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths 3 Thegirl Ithinkwashonestliedtome Thegirl Ithinktobehonestliedtome 4 Chinaisnolonger shewas10yearsago Chinaisnolongerthecountry shewas10yearsago