牛津8A期末語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí).doc

牛津8A期末語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí)（一）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式通常是由不定式符號(hào)to+ 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式作賓語(yǔ) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況：一是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，二是“動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞 +帶to的不定式”。 “動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)：常見(jiàn)的以不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有afford, agree, believe, decide, fail, hope, want, plan, choose, prepare, forget, remember, begin/start, learn, promise,refuse, wish等。如： I cant afford to buy a house. “動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代（副）詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)：常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有advise, decide, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder, understand, guess, explain等。這類(lèi)疑問(wèn)代（副）詞what, when, which, where, how, whether等（不包含why）。如： She does not know how to go there. He will tell you when to start. 在不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)我們會(huì)使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把不定式放到后面。如： They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening不帶to 的不定式 1. 表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, observe和have, let, make后的賓語(yǔ)可接不帶to的不定式。 He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人進(jìn)屋了。 They made her do the work alone. 他們讓她單獨(dú)做這個(gè)工作。2. help后的不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。 Can you help me （to） clean up after the meal? 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示“命令、忠告”等的動(dòng)詞,如:tell, ask, want, wish, allow，advise,invite,order, remind, warn, encourage等后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ);感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch等和使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)須省去to。 典型例題1. Youd better _home now. A. going B. go to C. to go D. go2. Will you help me _ these pictures? A. put on B. to put up C. putting up D. put into3. On the way home we _some water,because we were thirsty. A. stopped and drink B. stopped drinkingC. stopped to drink D. stopped for drinking4. Why _the teacher?A. ask not B. not ask C. not asking D. not to ask5. I havent got a chair _. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting6. Im hungry,get me sth. _. A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eating7. I havent decided which hotel_. A. to stay B. is to stay in C. to stay in D. is for staying8. The boss made workers _14 hours a day. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working9. We shall have _ after school. A. sth. to do B. everything do C. anything to do D. nothing do10. The teacher let the boy_ it again. A. does B. did C. to do D. do11. The young man is old enough _ the army. A. to join in B. joined C. join D. to join12. Granny told her _ the cat any more. A. not play with B. to not play withC. not to play with D. dont play with13. He really doesnt know_ . A. to talk about B. to talk about what C. what to talk D. what to talk about14. Jack decided_in Beijing before May Day. A. to reach B. to get C. to arrive D. go15. It took me an hour _the homework yesterday evening. A. to do B. did C. doing D. do16. Im glad _ you again. A. to look at B. to see C. looking D. seeing17. Mary asked me _for her. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 18. “_,”said the great musician. A. Let me to hear you to play B. Let me hear you to play C. Let me hear you play D. Let me to hear you play19. Mother is sure _. A. win B. to win C. to be winning D. won20. Mike is waiting _the doctor. A. to see B. for to see C. see D. for see21. Who taught you _ a bus. A. driving B. to drive C. riding D. to ride22. Its necessary _the book at once. A. for him to return B. to him returnC. at him to return D. to him to return23. We find it difficult _ the work in two hours. A. finishing B. to finish C. finish D. finished24. Would you please _ the text ?A. read B. to read C. reading D. is reading25. After singing a song , Mary _ us a story. A. went on telling B. went on to tellC. went telling D. went to tell26. Its very kind _ to see me. A. that you come B. that you will comeC. for you to come D. of you to come 答案：DBCBC ACCAD DCDCA BCCBA BABABD（二）反身代詞反身代詞的構(gòu)成：第一、第二人稱(chēng)的反身代詞由形容詞的物主代詞加上self，selves構(gòu)成。如：myself我自己，ourselves我們自己，yourself你自己，yourselves你們自己。第三人稱(chēng)的反身代詞是由賓格加上self，selves構(gòu)成。如：himself他自己，herself她自己，itself它自己，以及themselves他們/她們/它們自己。值得注意的是，凡是單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞的反身代詞在后加self，而復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)的反身代詞在后加selves。反身代詞的用法： 1）反身代詞不能作主語(yǔ)，但是它可以作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，放在主語(yǔ)后或句末。如：我親自去了電影院。誤：Myself went to the cinema.正：I went to the cinema myself. 2）反身代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。如：I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能聽(tīng)貝多芬他親自彈這首曲子。You can go and ask him himself.你可以去問(wèn)他本人。3）反身代詞可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Nobody, she learnt it all by herself.沒(méi)人，她自學(xué)的。I mended the bike by myself.我獨(dú)自修的自行車(chē)。She said to herself: “Whats wrong with my eyes?”她自言自語(yǔ)地說(shuō)，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Dont always think of yourself.別總是想著你自己。4）反身代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。一般放在像這樣的動(dòng)詞的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你們周末玩得開(kāi)心嗎？He teaches himself English at home.他在家自學(xué)英語(yǔ)?！癏elp yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子們，隨便吃一些魚(yú) ?！?He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以給自己買(mǎi)好多好東西。5）反身代詞可以作表語(yǔ)。如：Im not quite myself today.我今天情緒不好。He doesnt seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。（三）方式副詞很多方式副詞是在形容詞的后面加ly構(gòu)成的，如：slow- slowly wonderful- wonderfully 有些副詞與形容詞同形， 如：fast, early, late, high,hard, straight等方式副詞修飾不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)放在被修飾詞之后，修飾及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞之前或賓詞之后，如賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，也可把副詞放在動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間。例如： He works hard. He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends注意：有些副詞有兩種形式，一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以 ly結(jié)尾，但它們的含義是不同的例如： l）close接近地 closely仔細(xì)地，密切地 2）free免費(fèi)地 freely自由地，無(wú)拘束地 3）hard努力地 hardly幾乎不 4）late晚，遲 lately近來(lái) 5）most極，非常 mostly主要地 6）wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地 7）high高 highly高度地，非常地 8）deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的“深” 9）loud大聲地 loudly大聲地（含有喧鬧的意思)10）near鄰近 nearly幾乎【模擬試題】一、選擇題（ ）1. - Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so _ that I dont want to take it. - But, dear, it is good for you. A. good B. terribly C. terrible D. well （ ）2. - I think we should keep _ in the reading-room. - You are right. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly（ ）3. - How was the old woman this morning? - She looked _. A. be happy B. happily C. happy D. to be happily（ ）4. Travelling by train is _ cheaper and _ enjoyable than by air. A. more; much more B. quite; much too C. very; very much D. much; far more（ ）5. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice （ ）6. - Look at the picture. Hows the weather? - Its _. A. sunny B. windy C. wet D. warm （ ）7. In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make. A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less （ ）8. - That man is driving _. We must stop him at once. - OK. Lets call the police. A. careful B. carefully C. dangerous D. dangerously （ ）9. - How do you write with your new pen? - _. A. Quickly and neatly B. Quick and neat C. Quick and neatly D. Quickly and neat （ ）10. It is _ to work out this problem. You neednt go to ask the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily （ ）11. They all looked _ at the teacher and felt quite _. A. sad; sad B. sadly; sadly C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad（ ）12. - Its _ nice of you to help me. - Thats all right. A. true B. truly C. real D. really（ ）13. Cathy did quite _ in the English competition, but Jenny did even _. A. bette