并列句和復(fù)合句.doc

并列句和復(fù)合句并列句一、并列句的構(gòu)成：并列句是由并列連詞and，but，or，for，so等把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的在意思上緊密聯(lián)系的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。二、并列句的分類：1. 表示同等關(guān)系的并列句 常用并列連詞and連接前后簡(jiǎn)單句，and常譯為“和”、“并且”，也可不譯出來(lái)。例如：He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜歡踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凱特相遇，我們成了朋友。 2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句 常用并列連詞but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等連接前后簡(jiǎn)單句，but常譯為“但是”，“可是”，不能與從屬連詞though或although一起使用。例如： It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它沒有嘴巴，但是它會(huì)說(shuō)話。 School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.學(xué)校放學(xué)了，可是老師們?nèi)匀辉诠ぷ鳌e wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想當(dāng)作家，而我則想當(dāng)科學(xué)家。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我們必須出去。 3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句 常用并列連詞or(或者，否則)等連接前后簡(jiǎn)單句。or有兩種含義： (1)譯為“或者”，表示選擇。例如： Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema現(xiàn)在你可以休息，或者去看電影。(2)譯為“否則”、“要不然”，隱含了一個(gè)條件。例如： You must tell the truth，or you will be punished你必須說(shuō)真話，否則你將會(huì)受到懲罰。 4. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列句常用并列連詞for，so等連接前后簡(jiǎn)單句。(1)for在意義上與從屬連詞because，since和as相同，但它們引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而for連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，前者表示結(jié)果，后者表示原因。結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡(jiǎn)單句(結(jié)果)+for+簡(jiǎn)單句(原因)。例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有許多好朋友，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男子漢。(2)so意為“因此”、“所以”，但不能與because同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。因?yàn)閎ecause是從屬連詞，而是并列連詞，用來(lái)連接并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡(jiǎn)單句(原因) +so+簡(jiǎn)單句(結(jié)果)。例如：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老師回家鄉(xiāng)去了，所以王老師替二課。5. 其他形式的并列句(1)“祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句”。其中祈使句表示一個(gè)條件，并列連詞and引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)單句則表示一個(gè)較好的結(jié)果，謂語(yǔ)常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：Use your head, and you will find away動(dòng)腦筋，你就會(huì)想出辦法來(lái)。(2)“祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句”。祈使句表示一個(gè)條件，并列連詞or后的簡(jiǎn)單句則表示一個(gè)不愉快或不理想的結(jié)果。例如：Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你就會(huì)落于別人。(3)“either.or”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不是就是”，“或者或者”，例如：Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我嬸嬸也可以做。習(xí)慣上將兩個(gè)句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) “not onlybut also”意思為“不僅而且”，例如：not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不僅學(xué)生，而且他們的老師都誤了校車。(5) “neithernor”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“既不也不”，“兩者都不”，用法與either or,not only but also相同。三、使用并列句要注意的幾種情況1. 并列句有時(shí)可不用連詞，而用分號(hào)隔開。例如：We fished all day; we didnt catch a fish.我們釣了一天的魚，一條魚也沒釣到。2. 并列連詞后的簡(jiǎn)單句如果與其前的簡(jiǎn)單句有相同的部分，則相同的部分?？墒÷?。例如：My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父親在工廠工作，母親在學(xué)校工作。3. 由so, nor, neither連接的并列句，后一簡(jiǎn)單句為避免重復(fù),其成份常倒裝并省略一些。例如：He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是學(xué)生,我也不是。Beibei can swim, so can I. 貝貝會(huì)游泳,我也會(huì)。例一：Work hard, _ you will pass the during test.A. or B. but C. because D. and解析：“努力學(xué)習(xí)”，“你就會(huì)通過駕駛考試”，兩者之間是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用句式“祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句”。所以答案為D。例二： Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become worse and worse. A. and B. then C but D. or解析：根據(jù)句意前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用句式“祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句”。所以答案為D例三：Bill put his hands behind his back, _ nobody could see his hands. A. so B. and C. or D. but解析：從上下文可知nobody could see his hands的原因是Bill put his hands behind his back，所以應(yīng)該用so來(lái)表示結(jié)果。所以答案為A。例四： Neither you nor I _ from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B. are C. am D. be解析：“neithernor”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“既不也不”，“兩者都不”，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。所以答案為C。例五：We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. A. either；or B. not only；but also C neither；nor D. not；but解析：根據(jù)句子的邏輯意思，本題應(yīng)該選B?！皀ot onlybut also”意為“不僅而且”，用于連接兩個(gè)并列的內(nèi)容做主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。所以答案為B。復(fù)合句：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1、復(fù)合句的概念：主從復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個(gè)成分,不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。2、復(fù)合句的分類：復(fù)合句一般分為三大類型：名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。（一） 名詞性從句在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中起名詞作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種. 名詞性從句常用的連接詞有以下幾種：1. that 引導(dǎo)的從句 2. whether/if 引導(dǎo)的從句3. how/why/when/where引導(dǎo)的從句4. who/whom/whose/what/which引導(dǎo)的從句 （二） 形容詞性從句具有形容詞功能，在復(fù)合句中做定語(yǔ)的從句被稱之為形容詞性從句或定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞被稱為先行詞。形容詞性從句分為兩種類型：（1）由關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的從句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. （強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)克隆人的人們認(rèn)為這樣做不道德和不合倫理）（2）由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)的從句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.（我將分析為什么越來(lái)越多的青少年沉迷于賭博的原因。）（三） 副詞性從句副詞性從句也稱為狀語(yǔ)從句,主要用來(lái)修飾主句或者主句的謂語(yǔ)。大致分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until2 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)常用引導(dǎo)詞where3 原因狀語(yǔ)從常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as4 目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, so that, such that6 條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though8 比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)9 方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if，as though練習(xí)1判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 練習(xí)21. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, he cant understand the instructions on the bottle Of the pills. A. so B. or C. but D. for2What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? He was reading a magazine _ I was writing an e-mail at home.A. as soon as B. after C. untilD. while3. Mom, shall we have supper now?Oh, we wont have supper _ your dad comes back. A. until B. since C. while D. after4. Keep off the drugs（毒品）, you and your family will be in great danger? A. and B. or C. but D. so5. Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or6. Youd better take the map with you you wont get lost, A. as long as B. as soon as C. now that D. so that7. _ Amy likes to go to the cinema, but she doesnt like to see horror films. A. Since B. As C. Though D. 不填8. Would you like to go for a walk with me, Allen?Id love to, _you dont want to go alone.A. until B. before C. if D. after9. He had to retire(退休) early _ poor health.A. as a resultB. because C. soD. because of10. - Mom, when shall we go to Wei fang Museum this weekend? - Oh, sorry. Im going to Beijing for a meeting. _ Saturday _ Sunday is OK.A. Neither, nor B. Both, and C. Either, or D. Not only, but also練習(xí)3 Fall in Love with EnglishHiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldnt get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much