大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程教案Book 1 Unit 8.doc

Book One Unit EightNew Words and Expressions in Text A:1. fable: n. a short tale not based on facts and intended to give moral guidance寓言 (Fables often let the reader deduce the moral lessons, and not state them directly.) -Aesops Fable伊索寓言2. teenager: n. a person who is between 13 and 19 years old 青少年teenage: a. of or for a teenager 青少年的-teenage problems青少年問題teens: pl. the ages of 13-19 十三至十九的年齡-girls/boys in their teens 少女/少男3. run out of sth.: use up of finish a supply of (sth.) 用完，耗盡-To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home.-When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more.4. file: n. (c) a collection of papers on one subject 檔案，卷宗; 存檔的文件-Heres our file on the Middle East. have a file on: 存有關(guān)于的資料-The police have a file on him. on file: 存檔-This should be kept on file for reference.5. folder: holder for loose papers 文件夾6. drugstore: n. a store where prescriptions are filled and drugs and other articles are sold (AmE) (兼營(yíng)雜貨的)藥店, 雜貨店(照藥方配藥，出售藥品、糖果、飲料、化裝品、雜志及其他雜物)7. handful: n. ( used as singular n., + of) a small number一把; 少量-a handful of rice/letters一把米/一疊信-Youd better hurry up. A handful of people are already waiting in the hall.-I have to give up the plan because only a handful of students are willing to spend the New Years Eve on the campus.-ful: suffix (P. 317)8. counter: I) n. table or flat surface on which goods are shown, customers served, in a shop or bank(銀行，商店等的)柜臺(tái) under the counter: (of goods in shops) bought or sold secretly, e.g. when they are scarce and difficult to obtain (商店里的貨物)暗中買賣的(如當(dāng)缺貨不易買到時(shí))；秘密地；私下地；走“后門”II) adv. (+to) contrary; in the opposite direction; in opposition 與相反，與方向相反，反對(duì)-act counter to a persons wishes 違背某人的意愿而行事-He acted counter to his promise. 他的行動(dòng)與他的諾言相反。 run/go counter to：與.相抵觸， 違反 III) vt., vi. (+with) oppose, meet an attack 9with a return attack)反駁，反擊，還擊：-countered that she was too busy to be thorough 反駁說她太忙了所以做事不太徹底-He countered my proposal with one of his own. 他以自己的一個(gè)建議來反對(duì)我的。9. tax: n. 稅10. in amazement: with a feeling of great surprise or disbelief 驚訝-Aunt Sophia gazed at her picture in amazement: she looked like a teenage girl in it.-All the people in the lecture hall stared at him in amazement when he talked loudly with his friend.11. modestly: ad. not in very large quantity, size, etc. 不太多，不太大，適中modest: a. 1) moderate; not large in size or amount 適度的, 適中的；普通的- a modest price 適中的價(jià)格-a modest hotel 普通飯店-a newspaper with a modest circulation訂閱量不大的報(bào)紙-My demands are quite modest. -He is modest in his requirements.- There has been a modest decrease in house prices this year. 房?jī)r(jià)今年略有下降。 2) having, showing, a not too high opinion of ones merits, abilities, etc謙虛的；謙讓的; 客氣的-a modest hero -She is very modest about the prizes she has won/her success. 她對(duì)自己得獎(jiǎng)/的成功非常謙虛。12. upset: (upset) vt. (usu. be upset by/about) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy使苦惱，使心煩意亂-They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage.-He was upset about the argument he had with his wife.13. ignorant: a. 1) (usu. be ignorant of/about) (of persons) knowing little or nothing; unaware or uninformed 無知的；無知識(shí)的；不知道的- an ignorant person無知的人-He is not stupid, but merely ignorant.-Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming.-She was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities. Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him. 2) showing ignorance; resulting from ignorance顯示無知的; 由無知產(chǎn)生的-ignorant hope天真的希望-an ignorant mistake/reply很愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤/無知的錯(cuò)誤ignorance: n. (u) (+of) the state of being ignorant; want of knowledge無知；不知道；愚昧-We are in complete ignorance of his plans. 我們完全不知道他的計(jì)劃。-Ignorance of the law is no excuse.不懂法律不能成為借口。 from/out of/through ignorance: 出于無知14. senior: I) n. 1) (AmE) student in the last year of college or high school (大學(xué)或中學(xué))畢業(yè)班的學(xué)生freshman-sophomore- junior- senior 2) senior person 年高者，年長(zhǎng)者(附于姓名后，尤指有相同名字的兩個(gè)人，如父親與兒子, 指年長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)，?？s作Sr.或Sen.)，資深者-He is my senior by ten years. 他比我大十歲。-The seniors (= the members of the senior class) defeated the juniors by 3-1. 高班同學(xué)以3-1打敗了低班同學(xué)。-John Smith Senior/Sen./Sr.老約翰 (-John Smith Junior) -college senior大學(xué)四年級(jí)學(xué)生 II) a. ( 與junior相對(duì)) (+to) older in years; higher in rank, authority, etc. 年長(zhǎng)的；權(quán)位等較高的；資深的-He is ten years senior to me. 他比我年長(zhǎng)10歲。-She is eight years my senior. 她比我年長(zhǎng)八歲-Smith is the senior partner in (=the head of) the firm. -a senior citizen: (euphemism) person over the age of retirement; old age pensioner (委婉說法)老年人-She teaches a senior class.她教一個(gè)高年級(jí)班。-She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里的地位比其他人都高。-a senior office一位高級(jí)軍官-the senior states men元老-senior staff高級(jí)職員-a senior high school高中-senior student高年級(jí)學(xué)生15. slice: n. (c) 1) (+ of) a part of sth. 部分-Fiction takes up a large slice of the publishing market.-Heres a car that represents a slice of motoring history.-The boss promised that everyone would get a slice of the profits. 2) (+of) a thin flat piece cut from sth., esp. bread or meal (薄薄)的一片(尤指面包和肉類)- four slices of bread/beef (牛肉) -Cut the pork (豬肉) into thin slices.16. ability: n. (c, u) (+to) power or skill to do, make, or think; talent 能力-We elected him monitor because he had the ability to bring out the best in others.-He lost the ability to walk after a car accident.17. nonexistent: a. not existing 不存在的18. chill: I) v. become or make (sth. or sb.) cold (使)變冷；(使)不寒而栗-He was chilled to the bone.寒冷徹骨-Dont chill their enthusiasm. 向潑冷水 II) n. (sing.) 寒冷；涼意; 風(fēng)寒；(fig, sing.) 沮喪，掃興 -a chill in the air涼意-catch a chill 受寒-The bad news cast a chill over the whole family. 這壞消息使全家人感到沮喪。19. indifference: n. (u) (+to) a lack of interest or feeling 漠不關(guān)心-Success or failure cannot be a matter of indifference to you. 成敗對(duì)你不可能是件無足輕重的事indifferent: a. (+to) having no interest in; neither for nor against; not caring for 對(duì)不感興趣的，冷漠的 be indifferent to: 20. sum: I) vt. (用于sum sb./sth. up)合計(jì)；總結(jié)；概述sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.) 總結(jié)，概括，合計(jì)- sum (up) the costs of sth. 計(jì)算某物的總成本費(fèi)-sum sb. up看清某人的性格-Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “ Terrible.”-My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class. II) n. 1) (和the連用) 總數(shù)， 總和-The sum of 3 and 4 is 7. 2) (c) amount of money 金額；錢數(shù)-He paid a large sum for the house. 他出一筆巨款買了這所房子。-Father has decided to give his son a huge sum of money for his independence from the family. 父親決定給兒子一大筆錢讓他離家自立。 3) in sum: in a few words 簡(jiǎn)言之21. compete: vi. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)compete with/against: (+sb. for sth.)try to be better than (sb. else) 與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)-More than 2,300 candidates from 93 political parties are competing for 486 seats.-We are having to compete with three other departments for the fund.-They found themselves competing with foreign countries for a share of the market.22. Asian: n., a. 亞洲人；亞洲(人)的23. financial: a. connected with money 財(cái)政的；金融的-financial ability財(cái)力-financial advisor 財(cái)政顧問-financial affairs財(cái)務(wù)-financial capital金融資本-financial circles (=the financial world)金融界-the financial condition /situation財(cái)政狀況-financial crisis財(cái)政危機(jī), 金融恐慌-financial statement財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表; 決算表(指資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、損益計(jì)算書等)finance: n. 財(cái)政, 金融, 財(cái)政學(xué)24. accumulate: v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time 積累，積聚, 堆積-I have accumulated many books over the last few years.-By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library (藏書庫(kù)).他每月買十本書, 不久便集成一個(gè)豐富的藏書庫(kù)。-While we were away on vacation, a lot of letters accumulated in our mailbox.-His debts accumulated. 他債臺(tái)高筑。-Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.我們?nèi)绻淮驋叻块g, 灰塵很快就會(huì)積聚起厚厚的一層。25. ancestor: n. 祖先，祖宗(= forefather = forebear)26. intellectual: I) a. 1) of or related to the intellect智力的;與智力有關(guān)的；用腦的-the intellectual faculties 智能-intellectual work腦力工作；腦力勞動(dòng) 2) having or showing intellect, especially to a high degree高智商的,有智力的(特別是到了一個(gè)較高的水平) (理解力、推理力極強(qiáng)的)-an intellectual person知識(shí)分子-an intellectual person聰明人-intelligent: (Unit 6 Text A) having or showing intelligence 有才 智的，聰明的intellect & intelligence:intellect: n. the power of the mind to reason (contrasted with feeling and instinct) 理解力；推理力；對(duì)知識(shí)的理解力和領(lǐng)悟力, (腦力)intelligence: the power of perceiving; learning, understanding and knowing; metal ability 智力；才智-an intelligence test 智力測(cè)驗(yàn)-a boy who shows little intelligence 智商不高的男孩- intelligence quotient智商The detective story, as created by Poe, is something as specialized and as A as a chess (國(guó)際象棋) problem .A) intellectual (智力的，用腦筋的)B) intelligent (聰明的) II) n. intellectual person知識(shí)分子; 有知識(shí)者-highly qualified intellectuals高級(jí)知識(shí)分子27. affect: vt. have an influence on 影響-Smoking affects health.吸煙影響健康。-The 20th century was full of inventions that have affected the way we live.-The Asian financial crisis didnt affect our national economy.effect: n. 28. industrial: a. 工業(yè)的-industrious: a. hard-working; diligent勤奮的；勤勉的；刻苦的-Chinese people are industrious. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞的。industry: 1) (c, u) 工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè) 2) (u) 勤勉，工作努力29. function: I) vi. operate; act 運(yùn)作；起作用 -When the camera is functioning properly the green light comes on.-The telephone was not functioning. (was out of order) 壞了-Athens functional as a center of trade in the thirteenth century. II) n. (c) special activity or purpose of a person or thing作用，功能; 職責(zé)-the functions of the heart/the nerves 心臟的功能/神經(jīng)的機(jī)能-the function of education 教育的功能-the functions of a judge 法官的職責(zé)30. idle: a. lazy; not doing anything 懶散的；空閑的-Most of the men were idle during the depression.-She is so idle, we can never get her to do anything.idly: ad. idleness: n.31. jam: v. (+in/into/under/between; +with) get stuck; crush or be crushed between two surfaces or masses發(fā)生故障; 卡住; 堵塞; 塞入；擠入-The lock jammed and I couldnt open it.-The tape-recorder jammed and the teacher had to read the story to the class by herself.-The ship was jammed in the ice.-jam various things into a suitcase/jam the suitcase with various things把很多東西塞進(jìn)衣箱-The crowds jammed the streets, and no cars could pass. 街上擠滿了人群,汽車都無法通行。-The bus was jammed full.公共汽車擠得滿滿的。32. break down: stop working; fail, collapse停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);失敗, 垮了-The elevators in this building are always breaking down.-My washing machine broke down last week.-My plan has broken down.-His resistance will break down in time. 他的抵抗中將會(huì)瓦解-Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.33. drive sth. home (to sb.): make (sth.) clear so that people understand it 使清楚無誤地理解-We must drive home to them where the difficulties lie.-Peters parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.-bring sth. home (to sb.): (本文，P.226) 意義相同34. humble: a. 1) not proud; modest謙卑的-He thanked us again with a humble smile.-Frank strikes me as a very humble person. 2) low in importance, status, or condition (人)卑微 的；(物) 簡(jiǎn)陋的，卑下的-Michael started his career as a humble fisherman.-Lacocca rose from humble beginnings to become boss of Ford.出身卑微的Lacocca成為了福特汽車公司的老板-a humble apology低聲下氣的道歉-a humble cottage/home一座簡(jiǎn)陋的小屋/簡(jiǎn)陋的家-a man of humble origin/birth出身卑賤的人-a humble occupation 卑下的職業(yè)35. suggestion: n. (+of/for; +that clause (the subjunctive mood) sth. suggested 建議-The old man followed the doctors suggestion of a stroll (漫步，散步) to the river every day.-I have lots of suggestions for the parks future.-They didnt like my suggestion that she share the room with her classmate.36. movie: n. film 電影37. dramatize: vt. write (sth.) again in a form which can be performd將改編為劇本，將戲劇化drama: dramatic: 38. European: a., n. 歐洲(人)的; 歐洲人39. portable: a. light and small enough to be easily carried or moved 便攜(式)的，手提(式)的-Professor Smith always carries a portable book-computer (便攜式筆記本電腦, 手提電腦) with him.-I still remember that my parents bought me a portable radio at my 20th birthday.port: word root, =to carry porter: (注解“56“) 搬運(yùn)工，挑夫import:export: report: (re-= back) (搬回來-) 報(bào)告，報(bào)道support: (sup- =sub- =up) transport: (trans- =across) (搬到對(duì)面-) 運(yùn)送，輸送40. CD: =compact disc 激光唱片；(計(jì)算機(jī)用的)光盤41. county: n. (英國(guó)的)郡；(美國(guó)的)縣42. hut: n. 小屋；棚屋43. search for: (及物、不及物) look for 尋找-Many planes and ships were sent to search the South Sea for the missing Chinese pilot.-The police were searching the yard for clues.-All night they searched for the missing child.44. wage: n. (usu. pl. 一般跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ); 有時(shí)作sing., 特別是在定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)) payment for labor or services to a worker, especially remuneration on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece 工資，工錢 (付給工人或服務(wù)人員的報(bào)酬，尤指按小時(shí)、天數(shù)或周給或按工作量給) -Wages are high in this country. -His hourly wage is 10 dollars. -What is my weekly wage?/ What are my weekly wages? 我的周工資是多少？ -The railroad workers have asked for a wage increase/rise.鐵路工人要求增加工資。-salary: (u)一般指機(jī)關(guān)、單位、官員和職員或?qū)W校、工廠、企業(yè)管理人員的薪金，一般在兩年計(jì)算，分月、半月發(fā)給. He gets his C on Fridays.A) salary B) wage C) wages D) salaries (wage 常用pl., salary 不可數(shù))45. poverty: n. the state of being poor 貧窮，貧困46. leisure: n. (u) 1) spare time 空閑，閑暇-What do you do in your leisure time?-have no leisure to do sth. 沒有空閑時(shí)間去做某事 at leisure: (when) not occupied 空閑的，閑暇的-I am seldom at leisure. at ones leisure: when one has free time 在空閑之時(shí)-Ill return the call at my leisure. 我有空就會(huì)來拜訪 2) (attributive usage: often used to modify another noun) (形容用法) -leisure time 空閑時(shí)間-leisure travel休閑的旅行-leisure clothes 休閑服 -in ones leisure time/hours/ moments在空閑時(shí)間里47. luxury: n. 1) (c) sth. expensive which is not necessary but which gives you pleasure奢侈品-A week by the sea is a luxury they can no longer afford.-Houses with swimming pools are still a luxury in many parts of the country. 2) (u) very great comfort, esp. among beautiful and expensive surrounding 奢華；奢侈-She was brought up in an atmosphere of luxury and wealth.-a life of luxury: 奢侈的生活He took over his fathers company and led a life of luxury.-lives in luxury過著奢華的生活 3) (attributive usage: often used to modify another noun) 形容用法-a luxury hotel/ocean liner 豪華旅社/豪華海輪48. mill: n. a factory 工廠，制造廠mill: 原意是磨坊，因而尤其用于輕工業(yè)方面，如紡織廠(textile mill)、面粉廠、造紙廠(paper mill)、紗廠(cotton mill)、絲廠(silk mill)等, (也可說steel mill 鋼鐵廠)；-factory: 意義較廣泛，可指任何生產(chǎn)、制造產(chǎn)品的地方；-plant: 多用于電器業(yè)或機(jī)械制造業(yè)的工廠，如發(fā)電廠(power plant)；-works: 多用于鋼鐵等重工業(yè)的工廠, 如鋼廠(a steel works) .49. subway: n. (AmE) underground railway 地鐵50. better off: richer than you are before; more comfortable 更富有；更舒服-Todays farmers are better off than they used to be.-Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont.51. foe: n. (lit) an enemy 敵人52. scare: v. frighten (使)驚慌，(使)恐懼scared: (+of; +to do; +that clause) frightened -When she saw a snake on the floor, the lady was too scared to move.-I have always been scared of dogs.-Alex was scared that his classmates might tell the teacher he broke the window.53. foxhole: n. 散兵坑(小型掩體)54. security: n. 1) (u) the state of feeling safe and free from worry 安全; 無危險(xiǎn)；無憂慮-live in peace and security過著平靜安穩(wěn)的生活-safeguard the security of ones motherland保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)的安全-a sense of security安全感-the Security Council (聯(lián)合國(guó))安全理事會(huì)-Security is the greatest enemy. 疏忽是最大的敵人。 2) (c) (+from/against) sth. that provides safety, freedom from danger or anxiety 提供安全之物；使免除危險(xiǎn)和憂慮之物-children who lack the security of parental care 缺乏父母照顧的孩子們-A good fire is a security against wild beasts.生一大堆火可確保不受野獸的侵?jǐn)_。secure: I) a. 1) (+ from/against) safe 安全的- be secure from interruption/attack/harm 不受打擾/攻擊/危害2) free from anxiety 無憂無慮的；安心的-feel secure about ones future -He hoped for a secure old age. 他希望有一個(gè)無憂無慮的晚年。 3) certain; guaranteed 確定的，可靠的-Our victory is secure.-be secure of victory有必勝的信念 4) unlikely to involve risk; firm 牢固的；穩(wěn)定的-Is this ladder secure? 這梯子牢靠嗎？-a powerful and secure backing 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)可靠的后盾 II) vt. 1) make fast 使牢固，緊閉-secure all the doors and windows before leaving the house 關(guān)好門窗 2) (+ sth. from/against) make certain, firm or safe 使安 全，使可靠-They secured the village against/from floods. 使免去洪水之患55. wake up: 1) (及物，不及物) (本意) stop sleeping 醒了-This morning I woke up with a terrible headache.-Stewart woke me up with his coughing. 2) (fig.) (+to) 清醒，認(rèn)識(shí)到-They should wake up and see the problems theyve got on their hands.-They should wake up to the problems theyve got on their hands.-It is time you woke up to the fact that you are not working hard enough.56. porter: n. (旅館、火車站等的)搬行李工人；搬運(yùn)工人-portable: (注解“39”)57. wealthy: a. rich; having wealth 富的，富裕的58. complex: I) a. not simple; difficult to understand or explain; made up of closely connected parts 復(fù)雜的; 復(fù)合的(有許多密切相關(guān)的部分合成的)-a complex argument/proposal/situation/idea- a complex sentence復(fù)合句-a complex system of government 復(fù)雜的行政制度-The problem was so complex that there would be no easy solution.-When I visited Shanghai for the first time I got lost in the rather complex network of the roads. II) (c) complex whole綜合物；綜合性建筑-a complex building 綜合建筑-The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities. 新建的綜合體育館能為多種活動(dòng)提供所需要的設(shè)施。59. manual: I) a. of, done with, the hands體