【名師指導(dǎo)】外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修5探究學(xué)案：Module2 A Job Worth Doing（Period4）.doc

period 4 grammar & function學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1回顧一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行式和過(guò)去完成式的概念和基本結(jié)構(gòu)。2.自主學(xué)習(xí)，探究總結(jié)語(yǔ)法用法，學(xué)會(huì)分析與總結(jié)的方法并學(xué)以致用。3.惜時(shí)高效，感受進(jìn)一步鞏固加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的快樂(lè)。學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：1.通過(guò)練習(xí)學(xué)以致用。2.掌握考核重點(diǎn), 練習(xí)鞏固情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞的用法。 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：掌握過(guò)去完成式的用法。課前預(yù)習(xí)： finish activities 14 about verb form on pages 1415.使用說(shuō)明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：借助預(yù)習(xí)案中的語(yǔ)法講解，復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的用法，完成時(shí)間25分鐘。教材助讀：i. ask ss to match the sentences with the names of the tenses in activity 1.(p14)ii. pair work.iii. ask ss to find more examples of each tense in part 3 of the passage the human traffic signal. (p14)past simplepast continuouspast perfect.ask ss to complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in activity4(p14). 課內(nèi)探究：質(zhì)疑解疑，合作探究質(zhì)疑探究：.read the sentences and answer the questions, and tell the differences among them. (activity2on p14). complete the dialogue with the correct words and phrases.a: i visited china last yearb: that _ very interesting.a: not really. i still had to look after a group of french children who were visiting china.b: that _ easy!a: no, it was a nightmare.b: they _ have got lost, or had an accident.a: yes, but luckily there were no disasters. i managed somehow.【歸納總結(jié)】一grammar （1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式。如：i met her in the street yesterday.i once saw the famous star here.they never drank wine.i thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用過(guò)去式。eg .he told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。eg . the moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. he bought a watch but lost it. 在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。after he (had)left the room, the boss came in.we arrived home before it snowed. 常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型：why didnt you / i think of that?i didnt notice it.i forgot to tell you i had been there with my brother before.i didnt recognize him. （2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：by the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. the train had left before we reached the station. 表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。“時(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。如：he said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. xiao hua left school 3 years ago. 表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：hardly / no sooner / scarcely had + 主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：we had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = no sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （3）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。參照一般將來(lái)時(shí)對(duì)比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái)；come、go、leave等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái)。 （4）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。 （5）注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)： (1) are you a visitor here? thats right. i_ round the world and now my dream of coming to china _ true.a. have traveled； has come b. was traveling； had been come c. am traveling； has come d. have traveled； has been come (2) _betty this morning? not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.a. have you seenb. will you seec. do you see d. did you see (3) jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. never_ him talk so much.a.i heard b. did i hear c.i had heard d. had i heard (4) the children _very quiet； i wonder what they _up to.a. were； are being b. are being； are c. are； do d. are being； do (5) look at the black clouds. it _ soon. sure. if only we_ out.a. is raining； didnt comeb. is to rain； wont startc. will rain； havent startedd. is going to rain； hadnt come (6) he_articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _about forty articles.a. has been writing； has writtenb. has been writing； wrotec. is writing； has been writingd. has written； has written (7) she_ to the office than she got down to writing the report.a. has no sooner got b. had hardly gotc. no sooner got d. had no sooner got (8) when he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge_from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.a. was coming b. had come c. comes d. would come (9) in this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they_.a. had just been dreamingb. are just dreamingc. have just been dreaming d. had just dreamt (10) whats the matter? the shoes dont fit properly. they_my feet.a. are hurting b. will hurt c. have hurt d. are hurt 二、function(“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過(guò)去分詞”的用法)英語(yǔ)中, 表示對(duì)過(guò)去某種情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)或?qū)σ寻l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí), 常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may (might), can(could), should (ought to), would等have過(guò)去分詞表示。依據(jù)說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或推測(cè)的把握程度不同, 使用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也不同。1. musthave過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的肯定判斷。用于肯定的陳述句中(在否定句及疑問(wèn)句中用can代替must), 意思是“一定已經(jīng)”。 e.g. if he had really been there, i must have seen him. 2. can (could)have過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的否定或疑問(wèn)判斷。 where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢? jim cant have been at home yesterday. 吉姆昨天不可能在家。 3. may/mighthave過(guò)去分詞 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行的不肯定的推測(cè), 語(yǔ)氣比使用can (could)弱。might的語(yǔ)氣比may更弱。 she may have read the book. he might not have got your letter.4. needhave過(guò)去分詞 常用于否定句, 表示過(guò)去做了不必做或不需要做的事情, 表示“本來(lái)不必”。 you neednt have told him the news. 你沒(méi)有必要告訴他那消息。5. should/ought tohave過(guò)去分詞 肯定式表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)做某事(但沒(méi)做)”;否定式表示“過(guò)去不該做某事(但做了)”,含有不滿或責(zé)備之意。 youre right. i should have thought of that. she ought to have come earlier.6. wouldhave過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去本來(lái)要做某事卻因某種原因未做, 用來(lái)說(shuō)明某種情況, 不含有責(zé)備之意。 i would have written to you earlier but i have been ill. 我本來(lái)要早點(diǎn)給你寫信, 但我生病了。if i had seen the advertisement, i would have applied for the job. 我要是看見(jiàn)那個(gè)廣告了, 我就申請(qǐng)那份工作了。當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)：(1). john _ a better job, but he was too careless. a. should do b. must have done c. could do d. could have done(2). - i dont know why he is late.- nor do i. he _ have had an accident. a. can b. should c. might d. must (3). he must have seen the inspector last night, _ he? a. mustnt b. hasnt c. didnt d. doesnt(4). -mary looks sad. did you tell her about the accident? -yes, but i _ have told her. a. should b. shouldnt c. must d. ought to not(5). the playground is all wet. it _ rained last night. a. had b. can have c. should have d. must have (6). we _ have hurried. we had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. a. neednt b. should c. must d. couldnt (7). - who told you my address? -i dont remember clearly. it _ tom. -it _ tom. he doesnt know it. a. may have been; cant be b. can be; mustnt be c. must have been; cant have been d. may have been; mustnt have been(8). john passed the exam. he didnt study very hard. the exam _ difficult. a. cant have been b. must have been c. couldnt be d. might have been(9). she _ have gone to college, but she didnt pass the exam. a. might b. would c. must d. need(10). it s already eleven oclock. he _to bed. a.must have gone b.must go c. should have gone d. cant have gone課后反思: 課后訓(xùn)練：1.情景導(dǎo)學(xué)上的語(yǔ)法專練和高考鏈接2.下一課時(shí)的課前預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)題課后學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo): 掌握并能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞形式。period 4 grammar & function教材助讀：一、grammar: .1. past simple 2. past continuous3.past perfect . past simple: he had a close encounter with death. he came off the road at a bend.past continuous: he was working as a lorry driver. he was driving a lorry load of bananas.past perfect: he had been a miner and a soldier. a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. (1) had done (2 )was waiting (3) had seen/ saw (4) had asked/ asked （5）was crying (6) left (7) ran (8) was talking (9)had finished (10)did (