閱讀理解--推斷題解題方法公開[2].ppt

Welcome ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 閱讀理解專題 推理判斷題 2009 2013年高考英語閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分布 Important 推理判斷類題型特點(diǎn) 在閱讀理解中 推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述的事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上 領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意 得出符合作者意愿的結(jié)論 即根據(jù)作者暗示的內(nèi)容 推斷出合理的結(jié)論 閱讀推理判斷題 推斷題分類 1 問題形式 Itcanbeinferred concludedfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat Whenthewritertalksabout whathe shereallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimplies indicatesthat 這類題干中通常含有infer suggest imply concludeindicate 暗示 等標(biāo)志性詞語 一 如何推斷隱含意義 2 技巧點(diǎn)撥 1 根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷 一 如何推斷隱含意義 推理判斷得出結(jié)論 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 實(shí)例透析1 2 Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit Ifyoudon tturnitbackover alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto 依附 theundersidewilldie Thepassageimpliesthatrocks hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC won tbefoundonbeachesD can tbefoundonbeaches 實(shí)例透析2 2 技巧點(diǎn)撥 2 針對主題思想 一 如何推斷隱含意義 得出結(jié)論 3 IntheCaliforniastudy childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn thaveTVsintheirbedrooms Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs A Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers B ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV C TVsetsshouldn tbeallowedinchildren sbedroomsD Furtherstudiesonhigh achievingstudentsshouldbedone 二 如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度 1 問題特點(diǎn) 題干中通常含有attitude view opinion thinkof thinkabout intheauthor sopinion mind等標(biāo)志性詞語 二 如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度 2 技巧點(diǎn)撥 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞 副詞 動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子 推斷出作者的弦外之音 5 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行賄 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsthemoderntechnology A CriticalB Objective C Optimistic D Negative Therewasatimewhensomepeople slivesweredevotedsimplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle Nomulti taskingthere theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace andinafamiliarpattern Thereismuchthatwemightenvyaboutawayoflifelikethis Yetbeforewedoso wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorsfaced theyfarmedwithbarehands oftenlivedclosetohunger andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone Modernmachineryhasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitiveexistence Brainstorming 說明作者的態(tài)度 1 Objective 2 positive 3 negative 4 neutral 5 approval 6 disapproval 7 indifferent 8 ironic 9 critical 10 optimistic 11 pessimistic 12 cautious 客觀的 消極的 漠不關(guān)心的 贊成的 不贊成的 樂觀的 悲觀的 積極的 諷刺的 批評的 中立的 TakingNotes 謹(jǐn)慎的 1 問題的形式 Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 三 如何推斷文章出處 Brainstorming Don twanderaimlesslythroughlife Getconfusedonyourgoals starthelpingothersinneed andlivelifetothefullest Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou vebeenmissing Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks too Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou rethereinthearticlesection whichisupdateddaily Thistextmustbetakenfrom AaradioprogramB awebsiteC anewspaperD aTVprogram 2 解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)或典型的句子來判斷其出處 eg 1 報(bào)紙 前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期 地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱 2 廣告 因其格式特殊 容易辨認(rèn) 3 產(chǎn)品說明 器皿 設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式 而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間 次數(shù) 藥量等 4 網(wǎng)絡(luò) www com blog ebooks clickhere Internet update Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受傷 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全帶 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 責(zé)任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 發(fā)送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit 3分鐘 Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB apolicereportC anadvertisement 廣告 D agovernmentinformationbooklet 小冊子 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjured 受傷 eachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 四 推斷上下文內(nèi)容 1 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 2 解題技巧推測下文的內(nèi)容 根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理推測上文的內(nèi)容 關(guān)注第一段 特別是文段開始的幾句話 Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout A fireB huntingC farmingD urbanization 城市化 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的寫作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 五如何推斷寫作目的 Brainstorming Tointroducesth Tosellaproductorservice Toarractreaders attention Toattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattraction Tocallon Toresiststh Toamusereaders Toargueagainst andsupportone sownidea Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid TheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy 經(jīng)濟(jì) Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest 投資 andcreatejobs Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest Therefore itistheindividual notthegovernment whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto A argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB callonthemtofinancestudents studiesC encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD showtheircontributiontohighereducation Accordingtotheserules whatstatementshouldn twechoose 1 備選項(xiàng)的中心詞背離文章的主題思想2 文中敘述的是事實(shí)3 文中無依據(jù)4 太絕對或太片面5 偷換概念6 與細(xì)節(jié)信息相反 DOremember 1 依據(jù)文章2 關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)3 言外之意4 思路吻合5 合乎邏輯6 答案最佳 Practicemakesperfect Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment itwas A veryclean B justcleanedbythelandlord C tidyandcomfortable D dirtyandfullofinsects Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches 蟑螂 andtwospiders 蜘蛛 Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor theshopassistantwasverysurprised Well repliedtheman I mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit 5 Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph A Maryfeelspityforherself B Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease C Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible D Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor sherefusestofallintoself pity Everybodyonearthcanask whyme aboutsomethingorother sheinsists Itdoesn tdoanygood Nooneisimmune 免疫的 toheartachepain anddisappointments Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers I vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI vegrownupthissecondtime IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe 4 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext A HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening Itwasthefrog Theyhadn tbeenuseless Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob eatinginsects Withsomanyfrogskilled theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases Now thepeoplearestillpoor Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning topicsentence Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresentmedicalknowledge Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaryofsociety ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth Ifwedodesire wecansmoke drinkmuch refusetowearseatbelts eatwhateverfoodwewant andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise 練習(xí)題 解釋 P5 Q Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabou