數(shù)學(xué)中英文詞匯對(duì)照表.doc

集合 set 非負(fù)整數(shù)集the set of all non-negative integers自然數(shù)集 the set of all natural numbers整數(shù)集 the set of all positive integers有理數(shù)集 the set of all rational numbers實(shí)數(shù)集 the set of all real numbers元素 element屬于 belong to 不屬于 not belong to 有限集 finite set無(wú)限集 infinite set空集 empty set包含 inclusion ,include包含于 lie in子集 subset真子集 proper subset補(bǔ)集（余集）complementary set 全集 universe交集 intersection偶數(shù)集 the set of all even numbers奇數(shù)集 the set of all odd numbers含絕對(duì)值的不等式 inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式 one-variable quadratic inequality邏輯 logic邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞 logical connective或 or 且 and非 not真 true假 false真值表 truth table原命題 original proposition逆命題 converse proposition否命題 negative proposition逆否命題 converse-negative proposition充分條件 sufficient condition必要條件 necessary condition的充要條件是 if and only if函數(shù) function自變量 argument定義域domain值域 range區(qū)間 interval閉區(qū)間 closed interval開(kāi)區(qū)間open interval函數(shù)的圖像 graph of function映射mapping 象 image原象 inverse image單調(diào)monotone增函數(shù) increasing function減函數(shù) decreasing function單調(diào)區(qū)間 monotone interval反函數(shù) inverse function指數(shù) exponentN次方根 nth root根式 radical根指數(shù) radical exponent被開(kāi)方數(shù) radicand指數(shù)函數(shù) exponential function對(duì)數(shù)logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)common logarithm自然對(duì)數(shù)natural logarithm對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù) logarithmic function數(shù)列 sequence of number項(xiàng) term通項(xiàng)公式 the formula of general term有窮數(shù)列 finite sequence of number無(wú)窮數(shù)列 infinite sequence of number遞推公式 recurrence formula等差數(shù)列 arithmetic progression公差arithmetic series等差中項(xiàng)common difference等比中項(xiàng) arithmetic mean等比數(shù)列 geometric progression, geometric series公比 common ratio等比中項(xiàng) geometric mean三角函數(shù) trigonometric function始邊 initial side終邊 terminal side正角 positive angle負(fù)角 negative angle 零角zero angel象限角 quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制 radian measure角度制 degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant 余割 cosecant誘導(dǎo)公式 induction formula 正弦曲線sine curve余弦曲線cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期 period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函數(shù) periodic function振幅 amplitude of vibration頻率frequency相位 phase初相 initial phase反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine反正切arc tangent有向線段directed line segment向量 vector 零向量 zero vector 單位向量 unit vector 平行向量 parallel vectors相等向量 equal vectors共線向量 collinear vectors實(shí)數(shù)與向量的積 multiplication of vector by scalar基底 base數(shù)量積 translation正弦定理 inner product余弦定理 sine theorem算術(shù)平均數(shù) arithmetic mean幾何平均數(shù) method of compare比較法 method of compare綜合法 method of synthesis分析法 method of analysis傾斜角 gradient斜率 point slope form點(diǎn)斜式 gradient intercept form截距 general form斜截式 included angle兩點(diǎn)式 two-point form一般式 general form夾角included angle線性規(guī)劃 linear programming約束條件 constraint condition目標(biāo)函數(shù) objective function可行域 feasible region最優(yōu)解 optimal solution曲線 curve坐標(biāo)法 method of coordinate解析幾何 analytic geometry笛卡兒 Descartes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程 standard equation一般方程 general equation參數(shù)方程 parameter equation參數(shù) parameter圓錐曲線 point conic 橢圓 ellipse焦點(diǎn) focus, focal points焦距 focal length長(zhǎng)軸 major axis 短軸 minor axis離心率 eccentricity雙曲線 hyperbola實(shí)軸 real axis虛軸 imaginary axis漸近線 asymptote拋物線 parabola準(zhǔn)線 directrix直線 line平面 plane幾何體 geometric solid平面圖形 plane figure立體圖形 slid figure相交直線 intersecting lines平行直線 parallel lines異面直線 skew lines垂線 perpendicular line垂足 foot of a oblique line垂線段 perpendicular line segment公垂線 common perpendicular line公垂線段 common perpendicular segment垂面 perpendicular plane射影 projection斜線 oblique line斜足foot of a oblique line斜線段 oblique line segment半平面 semi-plane二面角 dihedral angle平面角 plane angle直二面角 right dihedral angle棱柱 prism底面base頂點(diǎn) vertex面 face棱 edge側(cè)面 lateral face側(cè)棱 lateral edge斜棱柱 oblique prism直棱柱 right prism正棱柱 regular prism平行六面體 parallelepiped長(zhǎng)方體 rectangular prism正方體 cube棱錐pyramid正棱錐 regular pyramid多面體 polyhedron凸多面體 convex polyhedron正多面體 regular polyhedron簡(jiǎn)單多面體 simple polyhedron球 solid sphere, spheroid球心 center of a solid sphere球面 sphere分類計(jì)數(shù)原理 classified enumeration principle分步計(jì)數(shù)原理 fractional enumeration principle排列 arrangement, permutation排列數(shù) number of arrangements全排列 total arrangement階乘 factorial組合 combination組合數(shù) number of combination二項(xiàng)式定理 binomial theorem二項(xiàng)式系數(shù) binomial coefficient二項(xiàng)式展開(kāi)式 binomial expansion必然事件 certain event不可能事件 impossible event隨機(jī)事件 random event試驗(yàn) trial頻率 frequency等可能事件 equiprobability event基本事件 elementary event 概率 probability互斥事件 exclusive events對(duì)立事件 complementary events 相互獨(dú)立事件 mutually independent events獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn) independent repeated trials概率 probability統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics隨機(jī)變量 random variable離散型隨機(jī)變量discrete random variable概率分布 probability distribution分布列 distribution series數(shù)學(xué)期望 mathematical expectation方差 variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 standard deviation抽樣方法 sampling method簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣 simple random sampling系統(tǒng)抽樣 systematic sampling總體分布 population sampling估計(jì) estimation正態(tài)分布 normal distribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布 standard normal distribution線性回歸 linear regression相關(guān) correlation回歸分析 regression analysis散點(diǎn)圖 scatter diagram回歸直線 regression straight line線性回歸分析 liner regression analysis相關(guān)系數(shù) correlation coefficient 假設(shè)檢驗(yàn) hypothesis testing歸納法 induction數(shù)學(xué)歸納法 mathematical induction完全歸納法 complete induction不完全歸納法 incomplete induction極限 limit無(wú)窮大 infinitely great無(wú)窮等比數(shù)列 infinite geometric sequence左極限 left limit右極限 right limit連續(xù)（的） continuous連續(xù)函數(shù) continuous function導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative可導(dǎo)的 differentiable變化率rate of change導(dǎo)函數(shù)derived function復(fù)合函數(shù) composite function極大值 maximum value極小值 minimum value極值 extreme value虛數(shù)單位 imaginary unit復(fù)數(shù) complex number復(fù)數(shù)集 set of complex numbers虛數(shù)imaginary number純虛數(shù) purely imaginary number復(fù)數(shù)的代數(shù)形式 algebraic form of complex number實(shí)部 real part 虛部 imaginary part復(fù)平面 complex plane實(shí)軸 real axis虛軸 imaginary axis模 modulus輻角 argument復(fù)數(shù)的三角形式 trigonometric form of complex number棣莫弗公式 De Moivres Formula分式 fraction通分 changing fractions to a common denominator約分 reduction of a fraction分式方程 fractional equation反比例函數(shù) inverse proportional function雙曲線 hyperbola定理 theorem平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle菱形 rhombus正方形 square梯形 trapezium等腰梯