過去分詞的用法20129

1 過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法 一 過去分詞作狀語一 過去分詞作狀語 弄清過去分詞作狀語的最基本特點 過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作弄清過去分詞作狀語的最基本特點 過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作 不及物不及物 動詞的過去分詞不表示被動 只表示完成動詞的過去分詞不表示被動 只表示完成 例如 Written in a hurry this article was not so good 導(dǎo)悟 文章是被寫的 而且已經(jīng)被寫 提醒 提醒 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu) 作狀語時不表被動而表主動 這樣的過去分詞 及短語常見的有 lost 迷路 seated 坐 hidden 躲 lost absorbed in 沉于 born 出身于 dressed in 穿著 tired of 厭煩 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didn t hear the sound 因沉迷于思考之中 他沒有聽到那個聲音 Born in this beautiful town he hates to leave it 出生于這個美麗的小鎮(zhèn) 他不愿意離開它 明確過去分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語 此明確過去分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語 此 時應(yīng)注意人稱一致 時應(yīng)注意人稱一致 例 1 the earth to be flat many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge A Believed B Believing C Believed D Being believed 本句意思為 相信地球是平的 許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會從邊上掉下去 許多人與相信 之間是主謂關(guān)系 即分詞與主語之間為主謂關(guān)系 因此 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞 答案為 B 例 2 He looked tired and depressed visibly disturbed by the news of his mother s illness 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 分詞在句子中作狀語 使用何種分詞 要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系 主謂關(guān) 系用現(xiàn)在分詞 動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞 例 3 Given another hour I can also work out this problem 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 given 為過去分詞作狀語 它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I 即 I 被再給一小時 例 4 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 seen 為過去分詞作狀語 表 被看 由語境可知 它的邏輯主語必須是城市 而 不是 我們 因為 我們 應(yīng)主動看城市 過去分詞作狀語的由來 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句 和過去分詞作狀語的由來 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句 和 ing 分詞作狀語一樣 分詞作狀語一樣 也可以表示時間 原因 條件 讓步 方式或伴隨情況等 也可以表示時間 原因 條件 讓步 方式或伴隨情況等 例 1 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 表原因 表原因 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞作原因狀語 它來源于原因狀語從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain 例 2 Accepted by the Party he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party 表時間表時間 入黨以后 他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè) 例 3 Compared with your brother you should make greater efforts to study English 表條件 表條件 相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句 和你哥哥相比 你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語 例 4 Though warned of the storm the farmers were still working in the fields Though they had been warned 表讓步 相當(dāng)于一個表讓步 相當(dāng)于一個 though although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 例 5 Seated at the table my father and I were talking about my job 表方式或伴隨情況表方式或伴隨情況 2 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題 特別提醒特別提醒 1 狀語從句改為過去分詞有時還可保留連詞 構(gòu)成 連詞 過去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)作 狀語 while when once until if though 等連詞 過去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu) Once recovered he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well When given a medical examination you should keep calm 特別提醒特別提醒 2 過去分詞作狀語時 它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致 例如 When asked why he came here the boy kept silent 特別提醒特別提醒 3 明確過去分詞作狀語的位置 過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語 后面常用 逗號隔開 也可放在主句后面 前面用逗號與主句隔開 如 He stood there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 二 過去分詞作表語二 過去分詞作表語 過去分詞作表語時總是用在連系動詞之后 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 表示主語所處的狀態(tài) She looked disappointed 她看上去很失望 We were encouraged at the news 聽到這個消息 我們都很受鼓舞 His response to the question was quite disappointing I felt disappointed at his response 提醒 過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態(tài)混為一體 過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài) 被 動語態(tài)則表示被動的動作 如 The road is covered with fallen leaves 表狀態(tài) The road is covered by the fallen leaves 表動作 特別提醒特別提醒 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別 過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受 而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語所具有 的特征 如 Hearing the news we felt very surprised 聽到那個消息 我們感到很驚 訝 The news is very surprising 這個消息很令人驚訝 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害 怕 英語中這樣的分詞還有很多 如 amusing amused encouraging encouraged disappointing disappointed exciting excited puzzling puzzled satisfying satisfied worrying worried tiring tired pleasing pleased interesting interested astonishing astonished 等 三 過去分詞作賓補三 過去分詞作賓補 過去分詞可以在 allow ask consider desire expect feel find get have hear imagine keep like make observe order permit prefer remember request require see urge 動詞等后面作 賓語補足語 動詞的過去分詞作賓語補足語時表明賓語是該動詞的動作對象 動詞與賓 語之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系 需要用過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況如下 1 感官動詞 see hear notice observe watch feel 及 find 之后可用過去分詞作賓補 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now We found her greatly changed We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops 2 表示 意欲 命令 的動詞 如 like want wish expect order 等 可用過去分詞作 賓補 The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination The father wants his daughter taught the piano I wish it done quickly 3 使役動詞 make leave keep 等后 可用過去分詞作賓補 The news made me disappointed He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was It s better to leave some things unsaid 特別提醒 特別提醒 在動詞 see hear feel watch notice observe 后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補 3 語 也可用不定式做補語 用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行 用不定式表示的動作的全過程 已經(jīng)完成 如 I saw Mr White get off a bus I saw Mr White looking into the shop window Do you hear someone knocking at the door Yes I did I heard him knock three times 4 4 動詞 have get 賓語 過去分詞的幾種含義 主語請別人做某事 He wants to have get his eyes examined tomorrow 他明天想去檢查眼睛 檢查 的動作由醫(yī)生來進行 主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境 說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為 Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon 臺風(fēng) 5 with 賓語 過去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)中 過去分詞用作介詞 with 的賓補 這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間 方式 條件 原因等狀語 With water heated we can see the steam 水被加熱時 我們能看到水蒸氣 With the matter settled we all went home 事情得到解決 我們都回家了 特別提醒特別提醒 過去分詞作賓補與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別如下 一般來說 過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓補與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別如下 一般來說 過去分詞作賓補 時 賓語是動作的承受者 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時 賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者 試比較 時 賓語是動作的承受者 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時 賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者 試比較 I I foundfound himhim knockedknocked downdown byby a a car car 我看到他被車撞了 我看到他被車撞了 I I foundfound himhim lyinglying onon thethe grassgrass justjust now now 我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上 我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上 四 過去分詞作定語四 過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語時 相當(dāng)于一個定語從句 單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前 分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面 過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞 即與名詞是動 賓關(guān)系 現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞 即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系 例 1 My parents are both retired teachers 例 2 Most of the students invited to the garden party came from our school 例 3 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager 特別提醒特別提醒 過去分詞作定語和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別 試比較下面幾組短語 boiled water 開水 boiling water 正沸騰的水 developed countries 發(fā)展的國家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 changed condition 改變了的情況 changing condition 變化著的情況 由此可見 過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作 而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語可以表示 正在進行的主動的動作 實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練 用括號里動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 用括號里動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 The situation of the chess game really every member in the game watching room confuse 2 With his finger point to the break window the teacher asked Who did that 3 I was fortunate to pick up a wallet lie on the ground on the way home but unfortunately for me I found my colour TV set steal when I got home 4 Though lack money he managed to have his own company start 5 She felt rather that she heard such a news delight 4 6 Jack s umbrella requires but he didn t get it soon enough at John s for John had a lot of umbrellas at the time repair 7 remind of the matter many times Tom was still puzzle about it 8 Generally speaking when take according to the directions the drug has no side effect 9 The speaker raised his voice but couldn t make himself hear 10 Having passed all the tests she felt a great weight take off her mind 11 settle in a friendly way their quarrel came to an end 12 determine to complete the job on time they set out to work immediately 高 考 資 源 網(wǎng) 13 leave alone in the dark room the little boy was so frightened as to cry 14 Mrs Bush stood surprise for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her 15 Seeing the soldiers well prepare for the flood fight the general nodded with satisfaction 16 Alexander tried to get his work recognize in the medical circles 17 Many students question said they were forced to practice the piano 18 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amuse with her stories 19 Please remain seat the winner of the prize will be announced soon 20 To learn English well we should find opportunities to hear English speak as much as we can 21 We should keep them inform of what is going on here 22 The boy lay on the ground fix his eyes on the nobleman 23 The boy lay on the ground his eyes fix on the nobleman 24 The boy lay on the ground and his eyes fix on the nobleman 25 With fall leaves bury in the earth every year the soil becomes richer and richer 26 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it explain often enough 27 I found a car stick in a pool by the side of the road 28 The power station keeps the villages supply with electricity 29 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sit at the front 2011 廣東 30 Tony lent me the money hope that I d do as much for him 2012 全國 31 dress in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor 32 He suddenly appeared in class one day wear sunglasses 2012 廣東 33 use with care one tin will last for six weeks 2012 北京 34 We re having a meeting in half an hour The decision make at the meeting will influence the future of our company 2012 重慶 35 He got up late and hurried to his office leaving the breakfast touch 2012 天津 36 After completing and signing it please return the form to us in the envelope provide 2012 山東 37 The