高中英語語法最重要知識匯總.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請 聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除按：本套資料省去了名詞、代詞、形容詞等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和動詞。希望能有所幫助。第一章 名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調(diào)句型）2. 用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that ; It is an honor that; It is common knowledge that(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that It is strange that (3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that It happened that It appears that (4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that It has been proved that It is said that 3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 錯誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?, 例如： I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。 (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結(jié)婚了。5.* 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞 這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： 正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match. 錯誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.6.* 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞 有些動詞不可用于“動詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 錯誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。三. 表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）第二章 定語從句定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語時可以省略。定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2) whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作賓語）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作賓語) 關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別： 1)不用that的情況：a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介詞后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.c) 多用who 的情況關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.先行詞為those, people 時Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.在被分隔的定語從句中A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復(fù)前一個關(guān)系代詞。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twin.d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復(fù)。Who is the person that is standing at the gate.f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語He is not the man that he used to be.2 、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.注意：在非限制性定語從句中，介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.4、as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的差別由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.用法區(qū)別：(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預(yù)料等時。She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.(4)As 的用法 the same as; suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.第三章 狀語從句狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：1.Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)2.We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)3.To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4.Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)5.I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語從句）狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1時間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2地點狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, since特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while (一般用在句首)，no matter ，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.盡管我很尊敬他，我卻不同意他的建議。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ，so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。9方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10.狀語從句的簡化狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷浴＠纾篧hen ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進(jìn)行簡化。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。b.連詞+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。d.連詞+過去分詞He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.連詞+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。f.連詞+介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over,.)第四章 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一全部倒裝全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：1) There goes the bell.鈴聲漸漸消失了。2) Then came the chairman.然后主席就來了3) Here is your letter.這是你的信。2. 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。例如：1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。2) Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：1) Here he comes. 他來了。 2) Away they went.他們走了。二部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1.句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。2) The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間。2.帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly when , no sooner than 等。例如： 1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。 2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時有個學(xué)生來找她。 3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.她剛要走時一個學(xué)生來看她。注意：只有當(dāng)Not only but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜歡音樂。 3.表示也、也不 的so, neither, nor放在句首時，句子作部分倒裝。例如： 1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.Tom能說法語，我也能。 2) If you wont go, neither will I.如果你不去，我也不去。 注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。例如： 1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。 2) -Its raining hard.-So it is.-雨下得很大。-的確很大。 4.only放在句首，強調(diào)狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。例如： Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.他被請了三次才來開會。注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時才會臥床休息。三as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。此時應(yīng)注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如： Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。注意:讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。四其他部分倒裝 1. so that 句型中的so 位于句首時，需倒裝。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得動都不敢動。2.在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：May you all be happy.望大家開心愉快。3.在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如： Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就再試一次。第五章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實詞表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象 二、It用作形式主語 替代作主語的從