Linux下MySql安裝

mysql linux安裝一、 創(chuàng)建組和用戶創(chuàng)建MySQL組，建立MySQL用戶并加入到mysql組中，（不同版本的Unix中，groupadd和useradd的語(yǔ)法可能會(huì)稍有不同。） 創(chuàng)建組：# groupadd mysql 創(chuàng)建用戶：# useradd -g mysql mysqlPS:輸入完成后再輸入一次，只要提示已存在，則說(shuō)明創(chuàng)建成功二、 安裝mysqlPS:如果安裝時(shí)在可視化界面中，可以直接復(fù)制安裝程序到本機(jī)的/home文件夾下。復(fù)制方法：進(jìn)入U(xiǎn)盤復(fù)制安裝程序，然后點(diǎn)擊桌面上的計(jì)算機(jī)文件系統(tǒng)找到home文件夾，打開(kāi)后粘貼即可。如果沒(méi)有可視化操作界面或者想要嘗試命令復(fù)制，可以進(jìn)行以下步驟：三、安裝程序放在/home/目錄下:先進(jìn)入U(xiǎn)盤文件夾#cd /media/disk(后面跟U盤的名字)#ls(查看U盤中的內(nèi)容)復(fù)制文件到home中cp /media/U盤的名字/文件所在文件夾的名字/文件名(全名，帶拓展名) /home(/home可以改為需要復(fù)制到的文件夾的名字, 和前面的語(yǔ)句中間有個(gè)空格，請(qǐng)注意)進(jìn)入安裝目錄#cd /home/# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz(sql的版本號(hào)需要注意)# cd mysql-5.1.58(sql的版本號(hào)需要注意)以下指令需要一同輸入(用空格隔開(kāi)，不要按回車)# ./configure -prefix=/data/mysql -with-charset=utf8 -with-collation=utf8_general_ci -with-extra-charsets=all -localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql -with-comment=Source -with-server-suffix=-enterprise-gpl -with-mysqld-user=mysql -without-debug -with-big-tables -with-pthread -enable-static -enable-thread-safe-client -with-client-ldflags=-all-static -with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static -enable-assembler -without-ndb-debug -with-unix-socket-path=/data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock # make# make install編譯的時(shí)間可能會(huì)比較長(zhǎng)，畢竟優(yōu)化的比較厲害。配置成功會(huì)提示：MySQL has a Web site at / which carries details on thelatest release, upcoming features, and other information to make yourwork or play with MySQL more productive. There you can also findinformation about mailing lists for MySQL discussion.Remember to check the platform specific part of the reference manual forhints about installing MySQL on your platform. Also have a look at thefiles in the Docs directory.Thank you for choosing MySQL!四、 添加MySQL配置文件及訪問(wèn)權(quán)限# cd /data/mysql# bin/mysql_install_db -user=mysql# chown -R root:mysql . /設(shè)置權(quán)限，注意后面有一個(gè) .# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql /設(shè)置 mysql 目錄權(quán)限,可省略# chgrp -R mysql . /注意后面有一個(gè) .# cp share/mysql/f /etc/fd (是否覆蓋輸入yes)五、 運(yùn)行MySQL# /data/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql & 如果沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的話,應(yīng)該會(huì)出現(xiàn)類似這樣的提示: 1 42264 # Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/var 如果出現(xiàn) mysql ended這樣的語(yǔ)句，表示Mysql沒(méi)有正常啟動(dòng)，你可以到log中查找問(wèn)題，Log文件的通常在/etc/f中配置。 大多數(shù)問(wèn)題是權(quán)限設(shè)置不正確引起的。 六、 mysql設(shè)置1、 root密碼。(先忽略，先進(jìn)行第二步，后面設(shè)置完成后在設(shè)置)默認(rèn)安裝密碼為空，為了安全你需要修改密碼 # /data/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password yourpassword 多次修改密碼mysql use mysql;mysql UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(newpassword) where USER=root;mysql FLUSH PRIVILEGES;mysql quit2、 遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)設(shè)置先進(jìn)入MySql：#/data/mysql/bin/mysql默認(rèn)只能localhost訪問(wèn)，將localhost改為%mysql use mysql;mysql update user set host=% where user = root;mysql FLUSH PRIVILEGES;mysql quit按照別人提供的方式update的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。mysql update user set host=% where user = root;ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry %-root for key PRIMARY然后查看了下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的host信息如下：mysql select host from user where user = root;+-+| host |+-+| % | | | | localhost.localdomain | +-+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)host已經(jīng)有了%這個(gè)值，所以直接運(yùn)行命令：mysqlflush privileges;再用mysql administrator連接.成功！3、 防火墻端口設(shè)置查看3306端口是否打開(kāi)。要注意在防火墻中開(kāi)放該端口 # netstat atln打開(kāi)防火墻# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables在打開(kāi)文件中加入-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT重啟防火墻# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart七、 設(shè)置開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql /開(kāi)機(jī)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng) mysql。(輸入完成后一定要檢查一下，如果錯(cuò)了就要重新裝)# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql# chkconfig -add mysql啟動(dòng)mysql（下面兩個(gè)命令都行）# service mysql start# /etc/init.d/mysql start (這是另一種啟動(dòng)方式)附：遇到問(wèn)題 (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p 提示Enter password: 輸入密碼,回車進(jìn)入，初始密碼為空)# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop /關(guān)閉 MySQL 具體步驟：登陸到mysql首先 use mysql；按照別人提供的方式update的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。mysql update user set host=% where user = root;ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry %-root for key PRIMARY然后查看了下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的host信息如下：mysql select host from user where user = root;+-+| host |+-+| % | | localhost.localdomain | +-+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)host已經(jīng)有了%這個(gè)值，所以直接運(yùn)行命令：mysqlflush privileges;再用mysql administrator連接.成功！遠(yuǎn)程連接時(shí)如了出現(xiàn)：INSERT INTO mysql.user (Host,User,Password) VALUES(%,plain,PASSWORD(123456);ERROR 1130: is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server第一重要：查看Linux防火墻是否關(guān)掉；再來(lái)看：進(jìn)入Linux登錄Mysql：首先使用update把mysql.user中的root的host從localhost修改成%：mysql UPDATE mysql.user SET Host=% WHERE Host=localhost ;mysqlGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root% ;mysql FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;再次連接，顯示成功。Failed to get local InetAddress for VMID. This is unlikely to matter. At all. Well add some extra .UnknownHostException: p2p-8-41: p2p-8-41源碼大概是這段：public final class C3P0ImplUtils trydos.write( InetAddress.getLocalHost().getAddress() );catch (Exception e)if (logger.isLoggable(MLevel.INFO)logger.log(MLevel.INFO, Failed to get local InetAddress for VMID. This is unlikely to matter. At all. Well add some extra randomness, e);dos.write( srand.nextInt() );.那么：p2p-8-41是怎么得來(lái)的呢？rootp2p-8-41 # cat /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesNETWORKING_IPV6=noHOSTNAME=p2p-8-41很明確了吧！解決辦法：搜索谷歌和百度，整合一些資料：主要是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)沒(méi)有找到主機(jī)名p2p-8-41對(duì)應(yīng)的IP，修改Linux的hosts文件即可。具體操作步驟如下：vi /etc/hosts在行 localhost localhost.localdomain 后加上 p2p-8-41保存即可。Linux查找域名時(shí)通常指先查找文件/etc/hosts，找不到時(shí)再向DNS服務(wù)器請(qǐng)求。 localhost.localdomain localhost p2p-8-41原因分析:Linux于host相關(guān)的幾個(gè)文件如下：/etc/host.conf功能：指定主機(jī)名查找方法，通常指先查找文件/etc/hosts,找不到時(shí)再向DNS服務(wù)器請(qǐng)求。對(duì)于大多數(shù)用戶不用改動(dòng)此文件內(nèi)容。Linux: /etc/host.conf文件內(nèi)容order hosts, bindmulti on/etc/resolv.conf文件功能：DNS客戶機(jī)配置文件，設(shè)置DNS服務(wù)器的IP地址及DNS域名相關(guān)文件：/etc/host.conf文件格式：domainname 域名search 域名nameserver Primary_DNS_S