應(yīng)用寫作練習(xí).doc

Applied Writing一、Letters（信函）信函的格式( Layout) 1. Heading or letterhead 信頭 The senders address is written on the top right-hand side of the paper. The date is written below the senders address, sometimes separated from it by a space. Acceptable expressions of dates: 1) 11th January (,) 2005 2) 11 January (,) 2005 3) January 11 (,) 2005Unacceptable expressions of dates: 11.1.2005 (which means 11th January 2005 in the UK but 1st November 2005 in the USA) 2. Inside (or receivers) address信內(nèi)地址 This is written below the senders address and on the opposite side of the page. Order of the inside address: Name of the person and / or company receiving the letter Name of house or buildingName of building and name of street or roadName of town or city and postcodeName of countryPunctuation: If the punctuation is used, each line of the address is followed by a comma except the last line. 3. Salutations（稱呼） Dear Sirto a man whose name you do not know Dear Sirsto a company Dear Madamto a woman, whether single or married, whose name you dont know Dear Sir or Madamto a person of whom you dont know neither the name nor the sex Dear + courtesy title + the persons surname: Dear Mr Smith 4. The body of the letter（正文） This may be indented（首行縮進(jìn)式）or blocked（齊頭式）, which is a matter of choice. But whichever style you use, you must be consistent an use that style all through the letter. 5. Complimentary close（客套結(jié)束語） If the letter begins with Dear sir, Dear Sirs, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, it will close with Yours faithfully. If the letter begins with (Dear + ) the receivers name, e.g. Dar Mr smith, it will close with Yours sincerely, which is less formal and often used between acquaintances or friends. 6. Signature（簽名） Always type your name after your handwritten signature. Even though you may think your signature is easy to read.（一）Application Letter（求職信）(I) 求職信的寫作特點(diǎn)求職信屬于正式信函，一般分為三段。第一段說明得知信息的渠道并說明寫信的目的；第二段介紹本人的年齡、學(xué)歷和與能勝任此職有關(guān)的經(jīng)歷和資格，要突出履歷中的精華；第三段希望聘方給予考慮并提供聯(lián)系方式。（II） 寫求職信的常用套語如下：1I wish to apply for the position of cashier advertised in todays China Daily. 今天中國日報有招聘出納員的廣告，我想申請這一職位。2I am very interested in the position, and Im trying to apply for it. 對此職位很有興趣，我想申請這一職位。3In reply to your advertisement in todays(newspaper) for a, I hasten to write this letter of application for the post. 看到你們在今天報紙上征聘一名的啟事，我趕寫這封信以謀求這一職位。4I believe that my ability and experience will fully qualify me for the position of . 我相信我有能力與經(jīng)驗(yàn)擔(dān)任這份工作。5I am enclosing my personal history which I believe will show you why I feel I can meet the requirements of a cashier in your company.現(xiàn)隨函附上簡歷，我相信它會證明我能滿足在貴公司擔(dān)任出納員的各種要求。6Have you an opening in your company for a young man who believes that he has something to offer? 有位年輕人認(rèn)為他能夠?qū)F公司有所貢獻(xiàn)，貴公司能對他打開大門嗎？7I should be grateful if you could give me an opportunity to try to serve you in the position. 如果能給我機(jī)會在這一崗位上為您效勞，我將不勝感激。8I hope you will take my case into your consideration.希望您能考慮我的申請。9I am sending you a summary of my qualifications. You will see that I have had several years experience in education.寄去個人資歷一份，您可看到我具有幾年的教育工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。10I think highly of your products that I would consider it an honor to represent your company.我對貴公司的產(chǎn)品評價很高，能成為貴公司的業(yè)務(wù)代表我將不勝榮幸。寫求職信的常用結(jié)尾套語如下：1In the meanwhile, I would be glad to come to Milwaukee to see you whenever it is convenient.同時，我很高興在您方便的時候去米爾沃依與您面談。2If you wish to see me, I will be very pleased to come in for an interview. I can be reached after (3:00p.m.) at (7648697) any weekday.3I would like to discuss my qualifications in an interview at your convenience. Please write to me or telephone me at (7648697) any weekday.4I will be very happy to meet you at your convenience and provide any additional information you may need. You can reach me either at my home address or at (7648697)(telephone) or (7647643)(fax).5I look forward to meeting you soon in an interview. I can be contacted at my office (7648697). My fax number is (4931918) and my e-mail address is ().an opening for a technician 技術(shù)員的空缺a candidate for the job 求職者 job qualifications就業(yè)資格（III） 范例Dear Sir or Madam,I would like to apply for the position as a chemistry assistant advertised in Peoples Daily.I am 24 years of age. I graduated from Tianjin University with a B.S. in Chemistry. I have got two years of working experience as a teacher and I trust I am qualified to fill your position. I am enclosing a resume of my life history as you requested. Please send any application forms that you want me to fill out and let me know if you want an interview. I am looking forward to hearing from you and appreciate your consideration of my application. Yours faithfully,Song YingIV. 練習(xí)練習(xí)1. 2004年10月3日在中國日報看到貴公司招聘翻譯人員的廣告1）申請人：李杰，家住北京市大望路6號，郵編：100015。1998年畢業(yè)于北京外國語大學(xué)，畢業(yè)后一直從事英語教學(xué)和翻譯工作，業(yè)余時間做過翻譯工作，自信勝任各種口筆譯工作。2） 隨信附上個人簡歷并期待回復(fù)。 練習(xí)2說明：請以王曼麗的名義寫一封求職信。王曼麗，24歲，畢業(yè)于北京技術(shù)學(xué)院，主修企業(yè)管理，各門課程都優(yōu)良。學(xué)過速記和打字，速度各為每分鐘90字和70字。請為她擬出一分給惠普公司人力資源部的求職信，希望能在該公司謀得總經(jīng)理秘書一職。寫信日期為2004年6月15日。Words for reference：Technical College技術(shù)學(xué)院，Business Administration企業(yè)管理，shorthand and typing速記與打字。 (二) Letter of Invitation (邀請信)(I) 邀請函的寫作特點(diǎn)邀請函是日常生活和工作中常見的一種信函，具有簡潔、熱情的特點(diǎn)。寫邀請函時需注意：1）禮貌、友好地發(fā)出邀請。2）清楚地寫明邀請的原因、活動的時間以及地點(diǎn)。3）結(jié)尾時表示希望對方接受邀請。(II) 邀請信中常用到的句式： 1. Would you like to come to our dinner party on Saturday evening? 你愿意在周六晚上來參加我們的晚會嗎？2. Would you care to come to our party? 你愿意來參加我們的聚會嗎？3. I wonder if you would be able to join us for dinner tomorrow evening. 不知你明天晚上能否來和我們一起共進(jìn)晚餐。該類信函的結(jié)尾常用以下套語：1. I shall be very glad/pleased if . 如果，我將非常高興。2. It would be an honor to me if you would accept our invitation. 如果您愿意接受我們的邀請，我們將感到不勝榮幸。3. It would be a great pleasure to me if . 如果，對我來說，那是一件非常愉快的事。(III) 范例范例1June 6, 2005Dear Meilin,We have just decided to spend a holiday on the beach this weekend. As we have a spare seat in the car, we think you may be interested in joining us. We remember you said you were fond of seawater bath though you could not swim. Now heres the chance. Besides, well do our best to help you learn how to swim. Also, we can take a sunbath together. Please let us know if you would like to go with us and then well arrange when to start. Well be pleased if you say you can come.Love,Joe & Rose范例2 410 Zhong Shan Bei Yi Rd Shanghai 200083 China 26 October, 2005Dear Peter, Thank you for your letter which arrived yesterday. Im really pleased to learn that youre coming to our country again. Would you like to come and stay with us while youre here? Youd be welcome to stay as long as you like.Luckily Ill be on holiday when youre in China, so I could show you round. Shanghai is an interesting and lovely city. Theres quite a bit of night life and there are a lot of places of interest if you like that sort of thing. Of course, there are plenty of shopping places.Im really looking forward to seeing you again. Please write soon and say when you can come. Yours, Li Hong(IV) 練習(xí)練習(xí)1 寫一封邀請信，邀請你的朋友到你家住幾天。練習(xí)2假設(shè)你的老板Mr. Howard想邀請Mr. Smith以及他的雇員參加十二月三十一日，星期四，晚八點(diǎn)在假日飯店(Holiday Inn)二樓舞廳舉行的化裝舞會(costume dance)。請你為他寫一封邀請信。練習(xí)3 請按照下列提示寫一封邀請信和回復(fù)信。 Letter 1發(fā)信人：張玲內(nèi)容：1. 邀請Jane暑假期間到北京來度假 2. 陪同她游覽長城、故宮、頤和園等 3. 請回信告知是否能來 寫信日期：2003年6月25日 Letter 2回信人：內(nèi)容：1. 感謝并接受張玲的邀請 2決定7月初來北京 回信日期：2003年6月30日 Words for reference: 長城the Great Wall 故宮the Imperial Palace 頤和園 the Summer Palace (三) Letters of Thanks（感謝信）(I) 感謝信的寫作特點(diǎn)收到別人贈送的禮物，或得到別人的某種幫助后，都應(yīng)寫信表示感謝。感謝信的特點(diǎn)是：時間及時、簡明扼要、著重事由、感謝真誠。(II) 可套用的句式有：1. I would like to thank you for your kindness / supports; 2. Id like to express our sincere thanks for; 3. It was kind and generous of you to.(II) 范例范例Dear Chen Jianping,Im writing to thank you for those two wonderful days in Beijing. I will always remember this visit. Before I arrived, I was a little anxious. I didnt know what to expect. But I had no need to worry. You gave me a very warm welcome and I soon felt at home. I will never forget your kindness and hospitality. And thank you, also, for arranging so many interesting things. The visits to the Great Wall, the Imperial Palace and the Summer Palace were unforgettable. It was very kind of you to do all this for me and I appreciate it more than I can say. Yours sincerely, Paula (III）練習(xí)你的供應(yīng)商(supplier) Mr Johns昨晚邀請你共進(jìn)晚餐。請你寫一封感謝信，表達(dá)你對他好客(hospitality)的謝意，并告知他你十分珍惜和他的公司建立的長期合作關(guān)系(long-established relationship)，希望來年增加業(yè)務(wù)往來。(四) Letter of Apology（致歉信）(I) 致歉信的寫作特點(diǎn)在日常生活中難免會出現(xiàn)一些差錯。如失約、誤解或損壞了別人的東西等。在這種情況下，應(yīng)及時寫信表示歉意，以消除不必要的誤會。道歉信與普通書信的格式基本相同，但應(yīng)注意態(tài)度要誠懇，原委要解釋清楚，措辭要委婉。也可以提出具體的彌補(bǔ)或者解決辦法。(II) 該類信函常用套語如下：1. I must apologize to you for . 我必須向你道歉，因?yàn)椤?. I regret to tell you that . 我很抱歉地告訴你。3. Im write to you to express my deep regret. 我寫此信向你表示深深的歉意。4. Im writing to you to ask you to excuse me for . 我寫此信請求你原諒我。5. Im very/terribly sorry to tell you that . 很非常道歉地告訴你。6. Please accept my sincere apology. 請接受我誠摯的歉意。7. I hope you will accept my apology.希望您能接受我們的道歉。(III) 范例May 6th, 2005Dear Zhao Qiang: I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book “Spoken English” you were so kind to lend me last week. I read it every evening and finished it last night. I intended to return it today, but when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found. I tried to recover it everywhere, but I failed to find it, so I will get a new copy for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one. Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never be replaced. And for this irrecoverable (無法彌補(bǔ)) loss, I am to blame. I was so careless with my things. This is a warning to me to be more careful in future.Please accept my sincere apologies. Yours,Gao Ming (IV) 練習(xí)練習(xí)1請給IBM的銷售經(jīng)理Martin Hill (marketing manager) 寫一封道歉信，對沒有及時回復(fù)他以前的兩封要求計算機(jī)鍵盤的供貨單(quotation for the supply of computer keyboard)的信表示歉意。解釋這是因?yàn)檗k公室裝修(decorate) 而產(chǎn)生的延誤(delay)，并將所需清單附上。 練習(xí)2 致：斯考特（Scott）公司 收到貴公司2003年3月20日的來信，感謝向我公司訂購100臺計算機(jī)。很抱歉，目前我公司沒有這么多機(jī)器。我公司已向廠家訂貨。下月即將到貨，屆時我們將及時通知貴方。希望保持聯(lián)系。 銷售部經(jīng)理：John Cooper （五）Letter of Sympathy (慰問信)(I) 慰問信的寫作特點(diǎn)親友生病、受傷或由于某種不幸事件蒙受了損失，應(yīng)該寫信表示慰問。寫慰問信時一定要圍繞一個中心，那就是使收信人從得到大安慰和鼓舞，不要隨信寫上一些不相關(guān)的事情?？傊?，慰問信要規(guī)范、簡短、感情真摯。(II) 該類信函常用套語如下：正文開頭常用以下套語：1Sorry to learn your failure in . 得知你在中失敗，深感遺憾。2I was sorry to hear that . 聽說，我很難過。3I regret to hear that . 聽說，我感到遺憾。4I was very sorry to learn the bad news that . 聽到的不幸消息，我非常難過。5I couldnt find words to express how sad I was when I learned that . 得悉，悲傷之情難以言表。6What a shame you failed in . 你在中失利，多么令人惋惜。7It was with great sorrow that I learned the bad news that . 得悉的不幸消息，感到十分悲傷。正文中安慰對方常用以下套語：1I know how sad you must be, but I hope you will take good care of yourself. 我知道你一定非常悲傷，望你多加保重。2It was bad news, but Im sure things will turn better soon. 這是個壞消息，但我相信不久情況就會好轉(zhuǎn)的。3Im sure your trouble will be over soon. 我相信不久困難就會過去的。4I hope you will be able to get over your trouble soon. 我相信不久你能擺脫困境。5I could imagine how sorry you are, but I do want you to take it easy. 我能想像你有多么難過，但希望你千萬要放寬心。6I hope things will be all right soon. 我希望不久一切都會好的。7You must promise me not to worry too much. 你必須答應(yīng)我不要過分憂慮。正文結(jié)尾時常用以下套語：1Please let me know if theres anything that I can do for you. 有什么事要我做，請告訴我。2Do tell me if I can be of any help/service to you. 如果我能幫你一點(diǎn)忙，務(wù)必告知。3Dont hesitate to ask for my help if you need me. 如果要幫助，盡管說，不必猶豫。4Ill be glad to give you as much help as I can. 我會樂意盡力幫助你的。5If you need any help from me, just call me and Ill be ready to come. 如果需要我的幫助，只要來個電話，我隨時會來。(III) 范例March 6, 2001Dear David: Im very sorry to hear of your failure in the final examination. I know you must feel discouraged. But that is not necessary. I know you are a hardworking student. Id like to suggest that you should always ask “why”. If you are not clear about the points in your study, review them or write them down and ask your teacher or classmates. Im sure youll catch up with the other students next term. Please feel free to ask for my help if you need it.Yours,Martin(IV) 練習(xí)就下述內(nèi)容寫一封慰問信：你的一位朋友在車禍中受傷，你去信表示慰問。（六）Letters of Hotel Reservations (旅館預(yù)定信) (I) 預(yù)定信的寫作特點(diǎn) 此信函形式曾以E-Mail的形式出現(xiàn)在PRETCO考試中，說明其應(yīng)用性和考查性極強(qiáng)。信函內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括幾個方面：預(yù)定目的、用房時間和數(shù)量、特殊要求、價位限制等。1）預(yù)定房間人自我介紹；2）預(yù)定房間的目的：如個人需求，團(tuán)體會議，旅游團(tuán)隊；3）用房時間：包括擬到達(dá)日期和星期幾及預(yù)計居留時間；4）用房數(shù)量：包括團(tuán)隊人數(shù)及預(yù)定客房間數(shù)；5）特殊要求：房間規(guī)格；6）寫信人聯(lián)系方式：可注明電話、傳真和電郵。(II) 范文 Singapore Polytechnic 154 Clement RD Singapore May 11, 2004 Palmer House Hotel21 East Monroes St.Chicago, IL 60603Attention: Reservation DepartmentI would like to make a reservation at your hotel. The party is composed of 24 students and two tutors. Please reserve eight rooms with three single beds for our students and two rooms with single beds for our tutors, i.e. ten rooms altogether.We are coming for an international model ship competition. The competition will begin on July 20th and we will be arriving four days earlier, that is Monday, July 16th. We will be staying for at least eight nightsfrom the 16th to the 23rd. And if we enter the final we would stay two more nights.We would need a lecture room which is equipped with a computer, projecting apparatus, and a video player.Please send me a written confirmation of this reservation and the price offer for the guestrooms by May 30th. My e-mail address is wchensingpoly.ed. Yours faithfully,(signature)Wayne Chen (III) 練習(xí)練習(xí)1 假設(shè)你是ABC公司（No.6, Zhongshan Rd. GuangZhou）的經(jīng)理助理（assistant to the manager），要為經(jīng)理及其夫人還有公司的財務(wù)主任（Finance Director）在Willis Hotel（102，West Avenue，London）預(yù)定一間單人房和一間雙人房，都帶浴室（showers），最好在頂樓。需住兩晚，即8月11，12日晚。此一行人將于8月11日下午5：30抵達(dá)旅館。 ABC Company No.6, Zhongshan Rd. Guang Zhou 練習(xí)2 請按E-Mail的格式完成這封旅館預(yù)定信。寫信人：Zhang Hong；寫信時間：2004年11月10日；收信單位：Reservation Office of Hilton Hotel；電子郵件地址：groupsalesH；入住時間:2004年11月15日至17日；預(yù)定房間：一個帶浴室的單人房間，三個帶浴室的雙人房間。將于11月16日下午租用會議室一間，進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)洽談。請盡早回復(fù)，告知是否有空房（vacancy）、房價及是否需要預(yù)付押金（pay a deposit）等。(七) Complaining Letters（投訴信）(I) 投訴信的寫作特點(diǎn)在日常生活中，人們常常會由于產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不好或?qū)κ酆蠓?wù)不滿意而感到煩惱，這時可以寫投訴信求得解決。投訴信與普通書信的格式基本相同。寫信時要注意態(tài)度誠懇、直截了當(dāng)。記住，寫信的目的是為求得一個解決問題的方法而不是為了泄憤。(II) 投訴信的開頭常用以下套語：1I regret to tell you that. 我遺憾地告訴你。2I am very sorry to remind you that. 我非常遺憾地提醒你。3Im writing to complain of bad quality of. 我寫此信對的低劣的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出申訴。4Im writing to complain of the poor service of. 我非常遺憾地對的低劣的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出申訴。5Im sorry that I have to point out that. 我很遺憾，我不得不指出。投訴信的結(jié)尾常用以下套語：1I choose to complain to you because Im sure you will be able to have the problem solved. 我執(zhí)意向你投訴，因?yàn)槲蚁嘈拍隳苁惯@個問題得到解決。2 Im sorry to give you the trouble, but Im sure you will be kind enough to put the wrongs right. 我很遺憾，給你帶來了麻煩，但我相信你會作出正確處理的。3 Sorry if I bring you any trouble, but Id like to make it clear that. 如果我給你們帶來了麻煩，我表示遺憾，但我要表明。4 Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible. 希望此事很快能夠得到解決。5 Im looking forward to receiving your early reply. 盼望接到你的回信。(III) 范例范例1February 28, 2001Dear Mr. Manager, Im writing to complain about the poor service in your store. Yesterday I was caught in a heavy shower and then entered your shop. When I found a gold ring which I liked, I asked a lady assistant (No.13) to show me the ring but she refused to serve me. Evidently she thought I was not the one who could afford it for I was not very well-dressed. I choose to complain to you because Im sure youll be able to make her understand how to serve as a shop assistant. Yours faithfully,Wang Hua范例2 5th July, 2005Dear Sir, I am writing to you about a shirt which I bought from your shop while on holiday this summer. When I took it out of the bag and examined it closely, I found a large hole at the side and one button was missing. As you will realize, I was extremely upset to discover all this. At your prices, I expect top quality!I am returning the shirt with this letter and look forward to receiving a full refund of 124 yuan. Yours faithfully, Li Ming(IV) 練習(xí)練習(xí)1 就下述內(nèi)容寫一封投訴信： 你在某家商店購買了一雙皮鞋，穿了不到一個月就壞了，你去信要求這家商店退貨賠款。 練習(xí)2 請就下述內(nèi)容寫一封投訴信。 你（Wang Gang）上個月去上海出差時，在書店買了一本英漢辭典。回家后仔細(xì)翻閱時發(fā)現(xiàn)缺了幾十頁，非常惱火。隨信將辭典寄去，要求換一本好的并盡快寄來。 練習(xí)3 請你寫一封致Horace超市（101，Main Street，Michigan 48248）的投訴信。信中說明你上周在該超市購得一臺洗衣機(jī)，當(dāng)時機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常，但昨天在家中機(jī)器發(fā)出噪音。這臺洗衣機(jī)在該超市保修期為一年（one-year guarantee），你向超市咨詢維修事宜。 （八）Replying to