金陵判詞中英對(duì)譯.doc

5紅樓夢(mèng)翻譯藝術(shù)研究-紅樓夢(mèng)金陵判詞1、寶玉便伸手先將“又副冊(cè)”廚開(kāi)了，拿出一本冊(cè)來(lái)，揭開(kāi)一看，只見(jiàn)這首頁(yè)上畫(huà)著一幅畫(huà)，又非人物，也無(wú)山水，不過(guò)是水墨滃染的滿(mǎn)紙烏云濁霧而已。后有幾行字跡，寫(xiě)的是：原文1. Qingwen 楊譯1. Qingwen霍譯霽月難逢，A clear moon is rarely met with,Seldom the moon shines in a cloudless sky,彩云易散。Bright clouds are easily scuttered;And days of brightness all too soon pass by.心比天高，Her heart is loftier than the sky,A noble and aspiring mind身為下賤。But her person is of low degree.In a base-born frame confined,風(fēng)流靈巧招人怨。Her charm and wit give rise to jealousy,Your charm and wit did only hatred gain,壽夭多因誹謗生，Her early death is caused by calumny,And in the end you were by slanders slain,多情公子空牽念。In vain her loving masters grief must be.Your gentle lords solicitude in vain. 【又副冊(cè)判詞之霽月難逢】這首判詞寫(xiě)的是Qingwen之名及其一生遭際?！皾M(mǎn)紙烏云濁霧”的畫(huà)面與判詞相輔，象征她周?chē)h(huán)境的黑暗和污濁。2、寶玉看了，又見(jiàn)后面畫(huà)著一簇鮮花，一床破席，也有幾句言詞，寫(xiě)道是：原文2. Xiren 楊譯2. Xiren霍譯枉自溫柔和順，Nothing avail her gentleness and compliance,What price your kindness and compliance,空云似桂如蘭；Osmanthus and orchid with her fragrance vie;Of sweetest flower the rich perfume?堪羨優(yōu)伶有福，But this prize is borne off by an actor,You chose the player fortune favoured,誰(shuí)知公子無(wú)緣。And luck passes the young master by.Unmindful of your masters doom. 【又副冊(cè)判詞之二枉自溫柔和順】這首判詞寫(xiě)的是Xiren。畫(huà)面“一簇鮮花，一床破席”（諧音“襲”）隱藏其名，又以鮮花之俊俏芳香和破席之污穢卑陋象征襲人性格中美丑兩個(gè)方面。3、寶玉看了不解。遂擲下這個(gè)，又去開(kāi)了副冊(cè)廚門(mén)，拿起一本冊(cè)來(lái)，揭開(kāi)看時(shí)，只見(jiàn)畫(huà)著一株桂花，下面有一池沼，其中水涸泥干，蓮枯藕敗，后面書(shū)云：原文3. Xiangling楊譯3. Xiangling霍譯根并荷花一莖香，Sweet is she as the lotus in flower,Your stem grew from a noble lotus root,平生遭際實(shí)堪傷；Yet none so sorely oppressed;Yet your life passed, poor flower, in low repute.自從兩地生孤木，After the growth of a lonely tree in two soilsThe day two earths shall bear a single tree,致使香魂返故鄉(xiāng)。Her sweet soul will be dispatched to its final rest.Your soul must fly home to its own country. 【副冊(cè)判詞根并荷花一莖香】這判詞寫(xiě)的是Xiangling。畫(huà)面上一枝桂花指夏金桂，池中水涸泥干、蓮枯藕敗象征香菱為環(huán)境迫害而早夭。4、寶玉看了仍不解。便又?jǐn)S了，再去取正冊(cè)看，只見(jiàn)頭一頁(yè)上便畫(huà)著兩株枯木，木上懸著一圍玉帶，又有一堆雪，雪下一股金簪。也有四句言詞，道是：原文4. Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai 楊譯4. Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai 霍譯可嘆停機(jī)德，Alas for her wifely virtue,One was a pattern of female virtue,堪憐詠絮才！Her wit to sing of willow-down, poor maid!One a wit who made other wits seem slow.玉帶林中掛，Buried in snow the broken golden hairpinThe jade belt in the greenwood hangs,金簪雪里埋。And hanging in the wood the belt of jade.The gold pin is buried beneath the snow.【正冊(cè)判詞之一可嘆停機(jī)德】這首判詞合寫(xiě)Lin和Xue。5、寶玉看了仍不解。待要問(wèn)時(shí)，情知他必不肯泄漏，待要丟下，又不舍。遂又往后看時(shí)，只見(jiàn)畫(huà)著一張弓，弓上掛著香櫞。也有一首歌詞云：原文5. Jia Yuanchun楊譯5. Jia Yuanchun霍譯二十年來(lái)辨是非，F(xiàn)or twenty years she arbitratesYou shall, when twenty years in lifes hard school are done,榴花開(kāi)處照宮闈；Where pomegranates blaze by palace gates.In pomegranate-time to palace halls ascend.三春爭(zhēng)及初春景，How can the late spring equal the springs start?Though three springs never could with your first spring compare,虎兔相逢大夢(mèng)歸。When Hare and Tiger meet,When hare meets tiger your great dream shall end.From this Great Dream of life she must depart. 【正冊(cè)判詞之二二十年來(lái)辨是非】此是Jia的判詞。6、后面又畫(huà)著兩人放風(fēng)箏，一片大海，一只大船，船中有一女子掩面泣涕之狀。也有四句寫(xiě)云：原文6. Jia Tanchun楊譯6. Jia Tanchun霍譯才自清明志自高，So talented and high-minded,Blessed with a shrewd mind and a noble heart,生于末世運(yùn)偏消；She is born too late for luck to come her way.Yet born in time of twilight and decay,清明涕泣江邊望，Through tears she watches the streamIn spring through tears at rivers bank you gaze,千里東風(fēng)一夢(mèng)遙。On the Clear and Bright Day; Borne by the wind a thousand miles away.A thousand li the east wind blows,But her home in her dreams is far away. 【正冊(cè)判詞之三才自精明志自高】此首是Jia Tanchun判詞，畫(huà)面象征探春遠(yuǎn)嫁，猶如斷線(xiàn)風(fēng)箏飄搖而去，再難返回家鄉(xiāng)。7、后面又畫(huà)幾縷飛云，一灣逝水。其詞曰：原文7. Shi Xiangyun楊譯7. Shi Xiangyun霍譯富貴又何為？Nought avail her rank and riches,What shall avail you rank and riches,襁褓之間父母違；While yet in swaddling clothes an orphan lone;Orphaned while yet in swaddling bands you lay?展眼吊斜輝，In a flash she mourns the setting sun,Soon you must mourn your bright suns early setting.湘江水逝楚云飛。The river Xiang runs dry, the clouds over Chu have flown.The Xiang flows and the Chu clouds sail away. 【正冊(cè)判詞之四富貴又何為】這首判詞寫(xiě)的是Shi Xiangyun。前二句說(shuō)史湘云在襁褓（背孩子用的系帶和包孩子的小被）之中就父母雙亡，家庭雖然富貴而無(wú)人關(guān)心，從小沒(méi)有得到過(guò)溫暖。8、后面又畫(huà)著一塊美玉，落在泥垢之中。其斷語(yǔ)云：原文8. Miaoyu楊譯8. Miaoyu霍譯欲潔何曾潔，Chastity is her wish,For all your would-be spotlessness云空未必空；Seclusion her desire;And vaunted otherworldliness,可憐金玉質(zhì)，Alas, though fine as gold or jadeYou that look down on common flesh and blood,終陷淖泥中。She sinks at last in the mire.Yourself impure, shall end up in the mud. 【正冊(cè)判詞之五欲潔何曾潔】這首判詞寫(xiě)的是Miao Yu。前二句寫(xiě)她的性格及她內(nèi)心深處的矛盾。后二句“可憐金玉質(zhì)，終陷淖泥中”與畫(huà)面同義，作者肯定妙玉的品質(zhì)有如金玉一般高貴，她的落入淖泥（淖音no，爛泥）是環(huán)境逼迫的結(jié)果。9、后面忽見(jiàn)畫(huà)著個(gè)惡狼，追撲一美女，欲啖之意。其書(shū)云：原文9. Jia Yingchun楊譯9. Jia Yingchun霍譯子系中山狼，F(xiàn)or husband she will have a mountain wolf,Paired with a brute like the wolf in the old fable,得志更猖狂；His object gained he ruthlessly berates her;Who on his saviour turned when he was able,金閨花柳質(zhì)，F(xiàn)air bloom, sweet willow in a golden bower,To cruelty not used, your gentle heart一載赴黃粱。Too soon a rude awakening awaits her.Shall, in a twelvemonth only, break apart. 【正冊(cè)判詞之六子系中山狼】這首判詞寫(xiě)的是Jia Yingchun的悲慘遭遇。畫(huà)面象征她將嫁給一個(gè)惡狼般的男子，并為其摧殘至死。 10、后面便是一所古廟，里面有一美人在內(nèi)看經(jīng)獨(dú)坐。其判云：原文10. Jia Xichun楊譯10. Jia Xichun霍譯勘破三春景不長(zhǎng)，She sees through the transience of spring,When you see through the spring scenes transient state,緇衣頓改昔年妝； Dark Buddhist robes replace her garments fine;A nuns black habit shall replace your own.可憐繡戶(hù)侯門(mén)女，Pity this child of a wealthy noble houseAlas, that daughter of so great a house獨(dú)臥青燈古佛旁。Who now sleeps alone by the dimly lit old shrine.By uddhas altar lamp should sleep alone! 【正冊(cè)判詞之七勘破三春天不長(zhǎng)】此首寫(xiě)賈惜春。畫(huà)面和判詞均是對(duì)她結(jié)局的預(yù)示。11、后面便是一片冰山，上面有一只雌鳳。其判曰：原文11. Wang Xifeng楊譯11. Wang Xifeng霍譯凡鳥(niǎo)偏從末世來(lái)，This bird appears when the world falls on evil times;This phoenix in a bad time came;都知愛(ài)慕此生才；None but admires her talents and her skill;All praised her great ability.一從二令三人木，F(xiàn)irst she complies, then commands, then is dismissed,“Two” makes my riddle with a man and tree:哭向金陵事更哀。Departing in tears to Jinling more wretched still.Returning south in tears she met calamity. 【正冊(cè)判詞之八見(jiàn)鳥(niǎo)偏從末世來(lái)】這是Wang的判詞。 【附】關(guān)于“一從二令三人木”的解釋?zhuān)F(xiàn)已提出三十多種。將它們綜合歸納。可以分成兩類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)把“一從”看作介詞，與“自從”同義；另一類(lèi)把句中的一、二、三看作序數(shù)詞。每類(lèi)又各有多種解法。今擇要介紹如下： 第一類(lèi) 1.“二令三人木”合成“冷來(lái)”?！袄洹被蛑^指冷子興，或謂指冷二郎柳湘蓮，或謂指冷美人薛寶釵。因此又有幾種說(shuō)法： a.“冷”指冷子興。庚辰本第十七、十八回元春省親點(diǎn)戲豪宴一折，下有脂批：“一捧雪中，伏賈家之?dāng)　！币慌跹┲邢驀?yán)世蕃進(jìn)讒的小人湯裱褙，身份與古董商冷子興相仿。賈府之?dāng)。纯赡芟道渥优d向某權(quán)貴進(jìn)讒所致。參見(jiàn)“豪宴”條。 b“冷”指冷二郎柳湘蓮。作此解者據(jù)甲戌第一回好了歌注“訓(xùn)有方，保不定日后作強(qiáng)梁”句旁脂批：“柳湘蓮一干人”，認(rèn)為柳湘蓮后能成為農(nóng)民起義領(lǐng)袖，因而牽連賈府獲罪抄沒(méi)、元春賜死。 c.“冷”指冷美人薛寶釵。寶釵嫁寶玉，成為榮府管家奶奶，王熙鳳回到賈赦一支，受邢夫人、賈璉憎惡被休回娘家。 2.“二令三人木”合成“檢”字（“檢”的繁體）。含義有二：一是鳳姐平日作惡多端，為人檢舉；二是錦衣軍抄檢榮國(guó)府，鳳姐失勢(shì)而死。 3.“一從二令三人木”指鳳姐害死尤二姐一段情事。六十八回尤二姐對(duì)鳳姐言：“奴家年輕，一從到了這里之事，皆系家母和家姐商議主張?！薄岸睢敝竿跷貘P下了兩道命令，一命旺兒唆使張華告發(fā)賈璉，二命王信用錢(qián)疏通察院反坐張華以誣告罪；“三人木”指三個(gè)“休”字，分別見(jiàn)于第六十八、六十九回鳳姐之言：“連官場(chǎng)中都知我利害吃醋，如今指名提我，要休我”；“回來(lái)咱們公同請(qǐng)了合族中人，大家覿面說(shuō)個(gè)明白，給我休書(shū)，我就走路”；“沒(méi)人要的了，你揀了來(lái)，還不休了，再尋好的?！惫省耙粡摹彪[括“苦尤娘賺入大觀園”；前兩個(gè)“休”包括“酸鳳姐大鬧寧國(guó)府”；“二令”和第三個(gè)“休”則概括了“弄小巧用借劍殺人。覺(jué)大限吞生金自逝”。實(shí)包括六十八、六十九兩回回目，和鳳姐害死尤二姐的整個(gè)故事。這樣，判詞三、四句的意思就是說(shuō)：自從“二令三人木”那件事發(fā)生，尤二姐死得當(dāng)然凄慘，而鳳姐本人死前“哭向金陵”更可悲哀。第二類(lèi) 1“一從二令三人木”指賈璉對(duì)王熙鳳態(tài)度的前后轉(zhuǎn)變：一是順從，二是命令。三是休棄； 2“一從二令三人木”指王熙鳳和賈璉夫婦關(guān)系的三個(gè)階段。一是王熙鳳從夫，恪守婦道；二是王熙鳳掌權(quán)，命令丈夫；三是王熙鳳被丈夫休棄。此外說(shuō)法甚多，從略。12、后面又是一座荒村野店，有一美人在那里紡績(jī)。其判云：原文12. Qiaojie楊譯12. Qiaojie霍譯勢(shì)敗休云貴，When fortune frowns, nobility means nothing;When power is lost, rank matters not a jot;家亡莫論親；When a house is ruined, kinsmen turn unkind.When families fall, kinship must be forgot.偶因濟(jì)村婦，Because of help given by chance to Granny Liu,Through a chance kindness to a country wife巧得遇恩人。In time of need she is lucky a friend to find.Deliverance came for your afflicted life. 【正冊(cè)判詞之九勢(shì)敗休云貴】這是Qiaojie的判詞。13、后面又畫(huà)著一盆茂蘭，旁有一位鳳冠霞帔的美人。也有判云：原文13. Li Wan楊譯13. Li Wan霍譯桃李春風(fēng)結(jié)子完，Peach and plum in spring winds finish seeding,The plum-tree bore her fru