視譯復(fù)習(xí)期末考試題

cPassage 1（視譯）美國人強調(diào)效率、競爭和獨創(chuàng)性，而中國人則將嚴謹規(guī)劃放在首位，鼓勵團隊成員之間的密切合作和無私奉獻。/在美國學(xué)校，討論享有至高無上的地位，討論是課堂教學(xué)的主旋律；而中國教師喜歡講課，喜歡考試，編寫千篇一律的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教案，培養(yǎng)整齊劃一的高材生。/美國人的政治觀，經(jīng)濟觀以及社會觀的核心是個人道德自治觀。中國傳統(tǒng)的思想體系是以儒家學(xué)說為基礎(chǔ)的，這種思想強調(diào)整體和諧。/現(xiàn)在，中美聯(lián)系比以往更加緊密，中國人學(xué)英語，玩保齡球，吃肯德基，美國人學(xué)漢語，練功夫，吃北京烤鴨，泰坦尼克駛進中國，牡丹亭也在百老匯上演。/American people emphasize efficiency, competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members./In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class, and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents./Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical / ideological systems are based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony./Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy K FC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion has been performed on Broadway./Passage 2我們社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的建立和發(fā)展，要求我們改革和完善社會福利保障體制，從而對社會服務(wù)提出了更高的要求。/隨著政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變，原來由政府包攬的許多社會服務(wù)工作，有相當(dāng)一部分將逐步轉(zhuǎn)移到社會團體和民間組織。/一方面，政府的宏觀管理責(zé)任將會變得更加重大。另一方面，社會團體和民間組織有必要參與更多的社區(qū)服務(wù)工作。/這樣就提出一個課題：政府和社會團體如何密切合作，如何分工協(xié)作，更好地推進社區(qū)服務(wù)事業(yè)。/The establishment and development of chinas socialist market economy requires the reform and improvement in our soial welfare and security system, which in turn places higher expectations on the work of community service./With the transformation of governmental functions, much of the work involving social services that was initially undertaken by the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations./On the one hand, the government will shoulder great responsibilities in its macro-management; and on the other hand, social groups and non-governmental organizations will need to involve themselves more in community service./Consequently, there has emerged an issue which concerns the way of a close collaboration and the division of responsibilities between the government and social groups, in order to further the development of community service.Passage 3香港中文大學(xué)，簡稱“中大”，成立于1963 年。中大是一所研究型綜合大學(xué)，以“結(jié)合傳統(tǒng) 與現(xiàn)代，融匯中國與西方”為創(chuàng)校使命。/40 多年來，中大一直致力于弘揚中華傳統(tǒng)文化，堅持雙語教育，并推行獨特的書院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校園占地134 公頃，是世界上最美麗的校園之一。/中大的師生來自世界各地。有教職員工5200 多人、近萬名本科生、約2000 多名研究生，其 中約2500 多人來自45 個不同的國家和地區(qū)。/中大實行靈活的學(xué)分制，不僅有助于培養(yǎng)有專有博的人才，而且還賦予學(xué)生更大的學(xué)習(xí)自主權(quán)。中大的多元教育有助于充分發(fā)揮每一個學(xué)生的潛能。/The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is a researchoriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West./For more than 40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system. CUHKs 134- hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world./CUHK s faculty and students come from all corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members, approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some 2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong./The flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student./Passage 4改革開放30 年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟強國，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。/通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機會了解中國的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風(fēng)采。/作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀?？梢哉f，這個潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。/他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的 unconsciously在日常生活中談及中國的點心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學(xué)說和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture./During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience firsthand the splendors of this venerable civilization./As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture,herbal medicines, martial arts./ They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement./Passage 5過去10 年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應(yīng)、酸雨等一系列環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)嚴重影響到人類的生存環(huán)境。/環(huán)境惡化造成的問題之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多億人，面臨缺水問題。據(jù)預(yù)測，未來25 年全球人口將有60 億增長到80 億，環(huán)境保護面臨更大的壓力。/中國作為一個發(fā)展中國家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和保護環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。從國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進現(xiàn)代化的過程中，將環(huán)境保護視為一項基本國策。/眾所周知，對生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性的保護是環(huán)保工作的重點。我國野生動植物物種豐富，僅脊椎動物就有6000 多種左右，高等植物3 萬多種。/Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions./Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the worlds population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected./ As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic statepolicies./ It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000 species of higher plants./Passage 6國際貿(mào)易的基本原則是平等互利，各國追求各自的利益是正常的，出現(xiàn)一些摩擦和糾紛也是不可避免的。關(guān)鍵要以冷靜而明智的態(tài)度正確對待和處理摩擦和糾紛。/就中美貿(mào)易而言，互利共贏的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系給兩國人民帶來了實實在在的經(jīng)濟利益。今天，美國在華投資設(shè)立的企業(yè)已超過4 萬家，投資額達450 億美元。/美國500 強企業(yè)有400 多家進入中國，大多數(shù)企業(yè)獲利豐厚。與此同時，在美國市場上，許多中國商品受到美國消費者的青睞。中國在美國投資設(shè)立的企業(yè)已超過1000 家。/我們可以預(yù)見，中美貿(mào)易摩擦將隨著經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的深化而凸顯，但是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的總體發(fā)展是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的。主要有兩個原因，其一：中美貿(mào)易具有很大互補性。其二：中國產(chǎn)品具有明顯的勞動力成本優(yōu)勢。/Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner./As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples. Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in china stands at $45 billion./Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in china, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers. Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000./We predict that trade disputes between china and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend. Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields. Secondly, china has an outstanding labor cost advantage./英譯漢：Passage 1(視譯)I think Chinese businesspeople tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct style of American businesspeople, who are said to work with the “getdown- to-business-first” mentality./The Chinese-type management encourages cooperation among employees, between the labor and the management, and gives employees a joy of participation and fulfillment, as well as a sense of pride in their work./And most Chinese try to find the meaning of life through working in their jobs, and view work as essential for having membership in a community./The American-type, or the top-down, management emphasizes efficiency, and competition among workers. The American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented. Traditionally, Americans work because it is the will of God, and often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process./我認為中國人在商務(wù)談判時傾向于使用一種迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式，而那些被認為在工作時具有一種“公務(wù)為先”的心態(tài)的美國人則往往表現(xiàn)出較為直截了當(dāng)?shù)淖黠L(fēng)。/中國式的管理方式鼓勵員工之間的合作，也鼓勵普通員工和管理人員之間的合作，使員工有一種喜悅的參與感和成就感，使他們對自己的工作產(chǎn)生一種自豪感。/大多數(shù)中國人想從工作中找到生活的意義，他們將工作視為成為團體中一份子的必不可缺的條件。/美國式的自下而上的管理方式注重效率，注重員工之間的競爭。美國人的工作觀有較強的個體取向性。美國人一直認為，工作是秉承了上帝的意志，我們對工作成果的重視常常高于對工作過程的重視。/Passage 2In the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of china under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world./My wife and I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of china. Beijing is for us an old and nostalgic home. During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people here-working, shopping, sightseeing, and touring the city on our bicycles./Those were happy days. They were good days, important days. We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship./Nonetheless, problems remain in our economic, education and strategic relations. While we are not so nave as to believe that there are no issues of difference between us, I also believe that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which bind us and strengthen our relationship./在短暫的六天里，我們的行程超過了舉世聞名的“長征”。在改革開放政策引導(dǎo)下的中國，氣象萬千，充滿活力，不斷進步，這些我們都已強烈的感受到了。/我和我夫人對中國人民懷有一種特殊的敬慕之情和個人友誼。對我們兩人來說，北京是我們思念的故鄉(xiāng)。十年前我們在此生活期間，我們與這里的人們一起度過了許多難忘的時光我們在這里工作、購物、觀光、騎自行車逛城。/那是一些另人愉快的日子，一些美好的日子，一些意義重大的日子。我們參與了富有戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，這種轉(zhuǎn)變使我們重新走到一起，使我們踏上了一條通往建立一種真誠友好的合作關(guān)系的道路。/然而，我們在經(jīng)濟、教育以及戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系中仍然存在著問題。一方面，我們不會天真的以為我們之間不存在分歧，另一方面，我也認為那些將我們聯(lián)系在一起并且強化我們關(guān)系的事務(wù)，在很大程度上弱化了我們之間的差異。/Passage 3Innovation starts at the top, and it is important for leaders to create an environment whereinnovation is constant, where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively. In doing so, you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment, creating a virtuous cycle for the company./Shanghais leadership has worked hard to create an environment where businesses can succeed. For example, shanghais transportation links to the world, including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility, have achieved world-class status/We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity. It is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing business. But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change. Innovation requires new ideas, new processes, and new institutions./New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market, creating new customers and competitions. But innovation and its accompanying disruption can be managed through goodleadership, a long term strategy, and good people. President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that “ Innovation is the core of the nations competitiveness./創(chuàng)新從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層開始做起。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層必須營造一個可以不斷創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，以激勵人們的創(chuàng)新思維。這樣的環(huán)境可以吸引那些樂于創(chuàng)新的人才，從而使公司得到良性發(fā)展。/上海的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)努力為企業(yè)營造可取得成功的環(huán)境。例如，浦東國際機場和新的深水港等設(shè)施的建立，使上海與世界的交通連接達到了世界級的水平。/我們生活在一個以創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和繁榮的時代。墨守成規(guī)確實舒服愜意，而改革創(chuàng)新則困難重重，因為創(chuàng)新往往引發(fā)變革。創(chuàng)新需要新思想，新程序和新機制。/新技術(shù)和新方法會劇烈的改變現(xiàn)行的市場秩序，既帶來新的公司客戶，也帶來新的競爭對手，但是，如果我們有英明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，長期的戰(zhàn)略以及優(yōu)秀的人才，創(chuàng)新活動及其所伴隨的沖擊是可控的。胡錦濤主席在年初時曾說過：“創(chuàng)新是國家的核心競爭力。”/Passage 4What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute toimproving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society?/It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery. An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young, bright and uninhibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery./The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications. But that can never be the only goal. And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted. Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that. Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution./Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment. There are three types of people that can be important. The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries. The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers. The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors./在這個經(jīng)濟全球化的時代背景下，大學(xué)將扮演怎樣的角色呢？大學(xué)將如何通過旨在提高生活質(zhì)量、推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新活動進而推動社會的進步呢？在這個日新月異、充滿變數(shù)的社會，大學(xué)又將如何培養(yǎng)那些善于取精用弘的學(xué)生呢？/我們應(yīng)該認識到，本科生教育和研究生教育都與研究緊密相連。我們的教育應(yīng)該為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一種可以探尋新知識、帶來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的氛圍，將教學(xué)與研究融合在一起的教育可以培養(yǎng)一批活躍在探索前沿、聰穎開放的青年才俊。/大學(xué)最根本的使命就是創(chuàng)造新知識，雖然大學(xué)所創(chuàng)造的新知識有時會立即產(chǎn)生實際應(yīng)用價值，但這決不是大學(xué)所追求的唯一目標(biāo)。將獲取實際應(yīng)用價值的目標(biāo)定位大學(xué)的主要目標(biāo)是一種短視行為?；A(chǔ)研究也同樣是大學(xué)的使命，而且大學(xué)在推動基礎(chǔ)研究方面能發(fā)揮獨特的作用。/選對人是確保創(chuàng)新型研究環(huán)境的首要因素，也是最為關(guān)鍵的因素。選人要選三種人：第一種人是浮想聯(lián)翩的思想家，第二種人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三種人是不受常規(guī)約束的實干家。/Passage 5For a woman, conventional beauty is her only attribute. She is supposed to have no lines or wrinkles, no scars or blemishes. She is thin, generally tall and long legged, and above all young. All beautiful women in television commercials conform to this norm. the image is artificial and can only be achieved artificially./Many women go to great lengths to manipulate and change their faces and bodies. More than a million dollars is spent every hour on cosmetics in this country. A woman is conditioned to view her face as a mask and her body as an object, as things separate from and more important than her real self./Adolescent females are also discouraged from growing up and becoming adult. Growing older is the great taboo. Although boys are allowed and encouraged to become mature adults, girls are encouraged to remain little girls, to be passive and dependent, never to mature. Someone placed in a double bind, they are supposed to be sexy and virginal, experienced and nave, seductive and pure./Misleading advertisements and commercials depict a world in which love and passion are reversed solely for products, in which sexuality becomes a commodity, and in which young women are the worst victims./對一個女子來說，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美是她的唯一標(biāo)志。她的皮膚應(yīng)該天生麗質(zhì)，沒有皺紋，沒有疤痕，沒有瑕疵。她的身材應(yīng)該清瘦苗條，通常是個高挑個，雙腿修長，而青春年少則是首要條件。所有在電視廣告中出現(xiàn)的“花容月貌”的靚女都符合這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種形象是認為的，是可以人工塑造的。/許多婦女盡其所能來擺布和修改自己的容貌體態(tài)。這個國家每小時花費在化妝品上的錢超過一百萬元。女子已習(xí)以為常的視自己的臉蛋為面具，視自己的身體為物品。是一種脫離了原型而又高于原型的東西。/少女自然成長也不被看好，年齡上升是大忌。雖然男孩可以成為成熟的男子，并且還收到鼓勵。但對女孩的要求確是必須妙齡永駐，唯唯諾諾，依附順從，永不成熟。不知何故，對他們的要求總有兩面性，既要求他們性感多情，有要求他們冰清玉潔；即要求他們老道練達，又要求他們少不更事；即要求他們風(fēng)騷冶艷，又要求他們質(zhì)樸無華。/在被誤導(dǎo)性的廣告所描繪的世界里，愛戀和激情全然為產(chǎn)品所擁有，性也成了商品，其中年輕女子則成了最大的犧牲者。/Ideas of Home Have ChangedA great many people, when they speak of home, tend to associate it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical surroundings, and certain emotional attitudes within themselves. This sentimentality toward home is something that has come down to us from the past. Many modern people do not have it, and I think it is a good thing that they do not.許多人在談到家的時候往往將它和某種氣氛,某種環(huán)境及內(nèi)心的某些情感態(tài)度聯(lián)系在一起.這種對家的依戀情感古已有之,代代相傳.許多現(xiàn)代人不再有了,我認為這是件好事.In the old days life was difficult. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you, and you had little protection against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could summon the police instantly. How did this influence the way people felt about home? Small family groups clung tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men. Only the bravest went beyond the small family area. Even in the Middle Ages only the most daring went to lands beyond sea. The human pursuit of security conditioned men to love their homes. I am sure that this feeling must have been very strong among the early settlers of the United States who were obliged, by famine and oppression, to take the plunge and go to the new land where they knew no one and where they were subject to Indian attack. We can see this even today in the attitudes of minority groups who, because of a feeling of insecurity, still preserve cohesive family ties.在遙遠的過去，人們生活十分艱難敵人可能會攻擊你，殺害你或搶動你的財富，而你卻毫無還手之力人們并不住在可以鎖門閉戶的構(gòu)造堅固的房子里他們沒有一支有組織的警察隊伍的保護，也不能隨時打電話報警這些怎樣影響人們對于家的感情呢？小小家庭的成員緊密團結(jié)，聚在一起，共同抵御野獸和敵人只有