中考英語主謂一致課件

語法復(fù)習(xí)專題-主謂一致,一、考點(diǎn)聚焦,1、語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1).Thenumberofstudentsinourschool_(be)1700.(2).MaryandKelly_(be)alike.2、意義上一致（1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7oclockyesterdayevening.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people、police、cattle、militia等。（2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenews(be)veryexciting.復(fù)數(shù)形式代表單數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有news、works（工廠）、means和以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱physics、politics、economics等。,is,are,were,is,3、就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。并列主語由連詞or、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。EitheryouorI_(be)mad.Eithertheteacherorthestudents(be)toblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher(do)knowaboutit.Therebe句型中，也遵循就近原則。There(be)mywifeandfamilytolookafter.There(be)anapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.,am,are,doesnt,is,is,4、應(yīng)注意的若干問題（1）名詞作主語。集體名詞family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)。Myfamily_(be)goingoutforatrip.Thewholefamily_(be)watchingTV.這類詞還有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。Population和“agroup(crowd)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也適用于這種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分用復(fù)數(shù)。某些集體名詞如people、police、cattle、oxen只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolice_(have)caughtthethief.People_(be)talkingaboutthenews.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Asheep_（be）overthere.Somesheep_(be)overthere.,is,are,is,are,have,are,名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工場(chǎng)、住宅等；作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Myuncles_(be)notfarfromhere.常見的省略名詞有thebakers,thedoctors,theZhangs等。當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)。Thirtyyears_(be)passed.Fiveminutes_(be)enoughtofinishthetask.不定代詞each、every、no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass_(have)adictionary.,is,is,is,has,如果主語有morethanone或manya構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonestudent_(have)seentheplay.Manyaboy_(have)boughtthatkindoftoy.但是，“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Moremembersthanone(be)againstyourplan.一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。Yourtrousers(be)tooshort.但如果主語用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Apairofshoes_(be)onthedesk.,has,has,are,are,is,thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)（這一類人），但thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù)，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thiskindofmen_(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_(be)dangerous.復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means、works、species(種類)、Chinese、Japanese等。當(dāng)它們的前面有a、sucha、this、that修飾時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；有all、such、these、those修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。The/Thisglassworks(be)setupin1980.The/Theseglassworks(be)neartherailwaystation.,is,are,was,are,(11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all、most、half、rest、part等詞語，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。Allofmystudents(be)workinghard.Alloftheoil_(be)gone.(12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。Betweenthetwowindows_(hang)anoilpainting.（2）由連接詞連接的名詞作主語。用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。Truthandhonesty_(be)thebestpolicy.Toloveandtobeloved_(be)thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_(be)agoodhabit.Aknifeandfork_(be)onthetable.,are,is,hangs,are,are,is,is,當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with、like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudents(be)excited.Theroomwithitsfurniture(be)rented.以or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等連接的詞作主語時(shí)，采取“就近原則”。Tomorhisbrothers(be)waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe(be)togo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse(know)anythingaboutit.,is/was,is/was,are,is,knows,（3）代詞作主語。名詞性物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞，既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Ours(OurParty)_(be)agreatParty.Yourshoes_(be)white,mine(=myshoes)_(be)black.such、thesame起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Such_(be)ourplan.Such_(be)hislastwords.關(guān)系代詞who、that、which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Ihavetwosisters,who(be)bothstudents.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthat(be)justcrossingthetrack.Thebuildingwhich(stand)neartheriverisourschool.,is,are,are,is,are,are,were,stands,疑問詞who、what、which作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)?！癢ho(live)nextdoor?”“ItisXiaoLiu.”“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisWangandLi.”不定代詞any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主語時(shí)，要注意下列情況：（A）單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。Nowall(have)beenchanged.All(be)present.Letsbeginthemeeting.（B）其后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。(do)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofus(have)seenthefilm.,lives,live,has,are,Dose/do,has/have,（4）分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語。“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,avarietyof,therestof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbyflood.Alotofstudents_(have)gonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofbeer_(be)sold.(large)quantitiesof修飾少數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantitiesoffood(be)onthetable.Largeamountsofmoney(be)spentonthebridge.,was,have,was,are/were,were,表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfapples_(be)leftonthetable.halfof、(a)partof修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Halfofthefruit(be)bad.Halfoftheapples(be)bad.a(great)numberof,many,afew修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Anumberofstudents(have)gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Agreatdealoftrouble(lie)beforeus.,is,is,are,have,lies,thenumberof+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，theamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，thequantityof+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsinourschool(be)increasing.Thequantityofbooksinthelibrary(be)amazing.Thequantityofheatintheoffice(have)notbeenincreased.Theamountofmoney(be)great.(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語。如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。Theblind(study)inspecialschools.但指?jìng)€(gè)別時(shí)用單數(shù)。Thedeparted（死者）(be)awell-knownengineer.（6）從句作主語。由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whatweneed_(be)moremoney.Whatweneed_(be)moreteachers.,is,is,has,is,study,was,is,are,在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是當(dāng)one前有theonly等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,因此從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat_(have)beentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho_(be)lateforclasstoday.（7）非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。Tosee(be)tobelieve.Seeing(be)believing.（8）the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語表示“某人一家人”時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)TheTurners(be)sittingatthebreakfasttable.,have,was,is,is,are,二、精典名題導(dǎo)解（選擇填空）,1.One-thirdofthearea_coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is3.What_thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_right.Heaswellaswe_right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are5.Whathedlike_adigitalwatch.Whathedlike_textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is,C,B,A,B,C,6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome7.Eitheryouorhe_interestedinplayingchess._youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is8.Manyaprofessor_lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are9.Aknifeandafork_onthetable.Aknifeandfork_onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are10.Herfamily_muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were,B,B,A,C,B,11.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_notbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have12.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying13.Twohundredandfiftypounds_toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A.isB.areC.wereD.be14.AllbutDick_inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_aboutit.A.weretalkingB.wastalkingC.talkD.talks,A,D,A,A,B,16.Weeach_strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_weakpoints.A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has17.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_motorcyclesinhissparetime.A.raceB.racesC.isracedD.isracing18.There_apen,twopencils,andthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have19.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.we