新編英語教程6unit 2 fine art of putting things off

Unit2TextI,TheFineArtofPuttingThingsoff,putoffdelaydelayerpostponepostponerprocrastinateprocrastinator,Questions,Areyouaprocrastinator?Whendoyouprocrastinate?Why?,4,style:inaformalstylewithahumoroustoneserioushumourous,sarcasticwritingmethods:examplesquotationsplayingonwordsuseofformalwordsinarestrainedexaggeration,5,Structure,I.(p1-2)Procrastinationisacommonscene.II.(p3-8)Manypeopleprocrastinateandwhytheyprocrastinate.III.(p9)Conclusion:manyideasanddecisionsmaywellimproveifpostponed.,6,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,P14examples:famouspeoplesprocrastinationLordChesterfieldtwofaults:1)nevermarriedhissonsmother2)keptDr.JohnsonwaitingforalongtimeQuintusFabiusMaximusMosesHamlet,7,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,Moses摩西aBiblicalHebrewreligiousleader,aprophetMoseslifeinEgypt-IsraeliswereslavesofPharaohforabout400years.-PharaohtriedtokillallthemaleIsraelibabiesbydrowningintheriver.-raisedbyPharaohsdaughter-killedanEgyptianwhowasbeatingaHebrew-leftEgyptandwenttoMidiantobeashepherd,8,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,Mosesbecame“themessengerfromGod”-GodtoldhimtobethepersontofreetheHebrewsfromEgypt.-Mosesbeggednottobethespokesman.-GodhadMosespracticetransforminghisrodintoaserpentandinflictingandhealingleprosy,andtoldhimthathecouldalsochangewatertoblood.-MosesbeggedGodfurther,soGodallowedhisbrother,Aarontobethespokesman.-wenttoPharaohandrequestedthattheHebrewsbeallowedtoworshipGodfor3daysinthewilderness.-demonstratedthepowerofGodwith10plagues,9,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,Passover(latemarchorfirstofApril)逾越節(jié)Godsendthe“Destroyer”tokillthefirstbornsoninEgyptianfamilies.Israelifamiliesweretoldtocoattheirdoorwithlambblood,sothe“Destroyer”wouldpassovertheirhomes.TheExodusfromEgypt(around1250B.C.)出埃及記-PharaohlettheHebrewsgobutthenwentafterthem-TheRedSeaopenedupfortheHebrewsandclosedontothefollowingEgyptianarmy.-MosesledtheHebrewstothepromisedlandCanaan,alandflowingwithmilkandhoney.,10,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,AanimatedfilmaboutMoses:thePrinceofEgypt,11,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,Lord:amanwitharankinthearistocracyinBritainLadyaristocratictitles:duke公爵marquis侯爵earl伯爵viscount子爵baron男爵,duchess公爵夫人marchioness侯爵夫人countess伯爵夫人viscountess子爵夫人baroness男爵夫人,12,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,exhort:trytopersuadesb.todosth.e.g.富蘭克林在他的自傳里力勸讀者要勤儉。FranklinexhortedreaderstobediligentandthriftyinhisAutobiography.getaroundtodoingsth.:finallydosth.youhavebeenintendingtodoforalongtime來得及做，找到時間做e.g.WhenIfinallygetaroundtobuyingChristmascards,itwastoolate.worthy:n.animportant,respectableperson,13,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,attestto:prove,show,testifytoe.g.Theluxuriousfurnishingsattesttothefamilyswealth.誰能證實這個簽名無訛。Whocanattesttotheauthenticity/genuinenessofthesignature?well-intentioned:trytobehelpfulbutfailingormakingthingsworse善意的，好心的,14,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,Fabianism:費邊主義agradualorcautiouspolicy謹慎持久的消磨策略dub:givesb.ahumorousnamee.g.人們給他起了個“小家伙”的綽號，因為就他年齡而言，他看上去長得很小。Heisdubbed“Tiny”becausehelookssmallforhisage.cunctation,cunctatorthelast/best/biggest/fastestpossible最的,15,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,plead:v.toaskearnestlyandinanbeggingwaygiveasanexcuse提出為借口pleadsth.asthereasonforspeechdefect:stammer,slowofspeechedict:officialorder,16,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,P2twokindsofpeopledelayersdo-it-nowersHowmanyofthemrespectively?Whatarethetwokindsofpeoplelike?,17,PartI(p1,2)Procrastination:acommonscene,ungodly:infmlunreasonable,annoying不可思議的extension:anadditionalperiod延期a,pocalyptic:catastrophic,foreboding,indicatingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom預(yù)示世界末日的threatendoom:threatendeath/theendFaustianencounterswiththedevil:undesirablemeetings,18,PartII(p3-8)Whypeopleprocrastinate,p3procrastinationamongwritersp4procrastinationinthemilitary,diplomacyandlawp5procrastinationinbusinessp6procrastinationinthegovernment,economicinstitutionsandlanguagesp7procrastinationinacademep8procrastinationamongpsychologistsandreasonsofprocrastinationgivenbypsychologists,19,p3,WritingmethodExamplesJeanKerrmanyawriterToneseriouswordsexaggeration,overstatementhumor,sarcasm,20,p3,forall:inspiteofe.g.Forallhisefforts,hestillfailedtheexam.Shestillloveshimforallthat.incur:cause,leadtoe.g.incurloss受損incurdanger遭受危險incurdebt負債incurgreatexpense產(chǎn)生很大花費,21,p4,WritingmethodExamplesaBritishproconsulaU.S.generalinWWIIattorneyswhodiewithoutawillQuotationToneseriouswordsexaggeration,overstatementhumor,sarcasm,22,p4,monopoly:sth.belongtoonepersononly壟斷，獨有proconsul:administratorofacolony殖民地總督ruminate:thinkforalongtimeruminateover/on/aboutcf.ponder,muse,meditate,reflect,speculate,contemplate,brood,deliberatenattering:noisy,23,p5,WritingmethodQuotationRhetoricdevicesWherethereisnowill,thereisaway.punparody,24,p5,pun:aformofwordplaythatdeliberatelyusesambiguitybetweensimilar-soundingwords,whichiscausedbyintentionalmisuseofhomophonical(同音或同形異義詞）andpolysemicwords一詞多義雙關(guān)Heisnotagravemanuntilheisagraveman.Timeflieslikeanarrow,fruitflieslikeabanana.Wemusthangtogether,orweshallallhangseparately.Whyarelawyersalluneasysleepers?Becausetheyliefirstononeside,andthenontheother,andremainwideawake.,25,p5,諧音雙關(guān)Theyprayforyoutodayandpreyonyoutomorrow.HedrovehisexpensivecarintoatreeandfoundouthowtheMercedesbends(Benz).Abicyclecantstandonitsownbecauseitistwo-tiered.,26,p5,parody:apieceofwritingintendedtoamusebyimitatingthestyleofwritingusedbysomebodyelse仿擬仿詞，仿句，仿篇球籍whitecollar,gray-collar,goldencollar,pink-collarFirstMothercold-line學(xué)海無涯，諾亞舟Togoornottoto?Thatisthequestion.Awordintimesavesnine-,國籍,bluecollar,FirstLady,FirstFamily,hot-line,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟,Toornottobe?Thatisthequestion.,Astitchintimesavesnine.,27,parody,Twinkle,twinkle,littlebat!HowIwonderwhereyoureat!Upabovetheworldyoufly,Likeatea-trayinthesky.-AliceinWonderland,Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhereyouare!Upabovetheworldsohigh,Likeadiamondinthesky.,28,p5,echelon:rankfortify:tobuildwallsaroundatown/citytodefendit;tostrengthen,supporte.g.afortifiedcityfortifyyourargumentwithstatisticsGoodeatinghabitshelptofortifythebodyagainstdiseases.delicateedge:subtleline/difference,29,p6,Hispointiswelltaken:Manypeopleagreewithhim.takeonespointe.g.Itakeyourpoint.bureaucratization官僚主義化bureaubureaucracybureaucratbureaucraticbureaucratese官腔,30,p6,smother:killsb.byputtingsth.overhisface;restrainbeyond:outofeconomicinstitutionsbestuddedwith:coverasurfaceorareawithmanysmallthings點綴e.g.Thefieldisstuddedwithdaisies.,31,p6,AnyChinesesayings?心急吃不了熱豆腐磨刀不誤砍柴工慢工出細活,32,p7,academe:theacademiccommunity,college,universitytakehighhonorsin:takepridein,beproudofbeingchurnout:toproducelargequantitiesofsth.withoutcaringaboutquality艱難地寫出，擠出,33,p7,gothroughagonies:haveahardtimewhentheyfaceablandpage:whentheycannotwriteanything,sotheywouldpostponeit.rationalizations:reasons,34,p8,Quotations:Dr.RalphGreenson,JoenFaganmaintain:expressstronglyassiduous:industrioustakeagentleviewof:donotthinksth.isverybadamomentoftruth:atimetomakeadecision,tofaceacrisis,35,p8,subliminal:subconscioussort:separatedragonesfeet:slowdown,hesitatetotakeaction,36,p9,maywell:verylikelytruism:anundoubtedandself-evidenttruthdeliberation:carefulandlong-timethinkingmellowandmature:becomeripeandmatureassassin:killer,37,p9manyideasanddecisionsmaywellimproveifpostponed,bemeantto:shoulde.g.Thepoliceismeanttoprotectpeople.YouaremeanttotakeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringaHindutemple.devour:eatalotofsth.fast;wasteconsume:eatordrinksth.slowly;enjoyAMetaphor,38,p9,pacepeisi:Imsorry,butbyallmeans:1）ofcourse當(dāng)然可以e.g.CanIborrowyourbicycle?-Byallmeans.Ifyouwanttousethephone,byallmeansdo.2）務(wù)必，無論如何Arrivethereontimebyallmeans.,39,Expressions,平分習(xí)慣性拖延倉促行事微妙的界限推崇采取溫和的態(tài)度面對真相的時刻甄別事情的輕重緩急不無道理同樣,evenlydividedchronicprocrastinationspeedyactionadelicateedgetakehighhonoursintakeagentleviewofthemomentoftruthsorttheimportantfromthetrivialitissomethingofatruismforthatmatter,40,Coherence連貫,cohesivedevices銜接手法Conjunctionyet(P3)also(P7)Lexicalcohesion(repetitionofwords,synonyms)Cunctator(P1,4)will(P4,5)procrastination,delay,postponementpostponers,delayers,procrastinatorsReference指稱hispoint(P6),seriouswordshumor=playingonwordsexaggeration(hyperbole),+,+,42,exaggeration(hyperbole)夸張,thefineartofputtingthingsoffraiseprocrastinationtoanartformTheworldisprobablyaboutevenlydividedbtwdelayersanddo-it-nowers.theapocalypticvoiceofDinersasFaustianencountersLawyerareamongthemostaddictedpostponers.makingprocrastinationaworldwidewayoflifethemostassiduousprocrastinatorsarewomen,43,Sayingsaboutprocrastination,Procrastinationisthethiefoftime.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Procrastinationisthebadhabitofputtingofuntilthedayaftertomorrowwhatshouldhavebeendonethedaybeforeyesterday.-NapoleonHillIfyouarenotreadytoday,youwillbeevenlesssotomorrow.-OvidIdontwaitformoods.Youaccomplishnothingifyoudothat.Yourmindmustknowithasgottogetdowntowork.-PearlS.BuckDontwait.Thetimewillneverbejustright.-NapoleonHill,44,明日歌明日復(fù)明日，明日何其多。我生待明日，萬事成蹉跎。世人若被明日累，春去秋來老將至。朝看水東流，暮看日西墜。百年明日能幾何？請君聽我明日歌！清錢鶴灘(14611504）,45,SongoftomorrowTomorrowupontomorrow,Somanytomorrowshavegone!Ifweonlyeyeontomorrow,Nothingintheworldcanbedone!Peoplearecumberedbytomorrow,Asseasonsalternate,oldtheygrow.Inmornings,weseeriverseastwardflow.Atnightfalls,weseesunsetswestwardglow.Thislife,howmanytomorrowsdoyouknow?Pleaselistentomy“SongofTomorrow”.,Discussion,Howcanwecureprocrastination?Listallthewaysyoucanthinkof.Isprocrastinationalwaysbad?Canprocrastinationbegoodsometimes?Ifyes,givesomeexamples.,47,Homework,ReadTextIIandwriteasummaryofabout200words.Youshouldsumupthemessagesinthearticlefullyandclearly,avoidlistingtoomanyexamples,tryuseyourownwordsinsteadofquotingsentencesfromthearticle.,48,Exercises,Translation1.1)FranklinexhortedreaderstobediligentandthriftyinhisAutobiography.2)Whocanattesttothegenuinenessofthesignature?3)Heisdubbed“Tiny”becausehelookssosmallforhisage.4)Hetriedtorationalizehisrefusaltotaketheadvice.5)Hiswordsincurredourdispleasure.6)Itisvirtuallyimpossibleforustofinishtheworkwithinsuchashorttime.7)Heruminatedoverthelikelyconsequencesoftheoperation.8)Ittakesmanyyearsofassiduousefforttoreachthatlevelofproficiencyininterpretation.,49,Exercises,2.事實上，辦事拖延有悠久的光榮歷史，標(biāo)明有許多想法和度額定如果擱一擱不馬上定下來的話結(jié)果會更好。推遲做決定本身就是一個決定，這句話有點道理。議會的那一套工作體制基本上就是一個再等等、再研究的過程。同樣，畫一副巨作、設(shè)計一道主菜、寫一本書、造一幢像布倫海姆宮那樣的房子也都要經(jīng)歷這樣的過程，這座宮殿抹布羅工覺得建筑師和工匠花了整整十五年才建成，在此期間，設(shè)計方案漸漸成熟。說實在的，趕時間往往會扼殺優(yōu)雅。正如石中劍一書的作者懷特所言，時間“不是讓我們在一個小時或一天里大口吞下去的，時間應(yīng)該是讓我們從容不迫、一點一點慢慢消耗的”。換句話說并非對切斯特菲爾德大人不敬不是今天非要做的事大可留到明天去做。,50,Exercises,Grammar1.predominantly,prevailingpreferentialinadvisable,shrinkagemagnifyingunapproachable,fictitiousunbecoming/becomingunaccountabledisorientationpersuasion,entreatiesirremediable,51,Exercises,VocabularyB,21-l2-h3-k4-g5-b6-j7-c8-d9-f10-i11-e12-a,52,(1)legal主要有兩層意思：(a)oforpertainingtolaw,authorizedorrequiredbylaw法律（上）的；有關(guān)法律方面的；法律要求的；法定的。如：legalaction訴訟；legaladviser法律顧問；legalaffairs法律事務(wù)；legaloffence違法行為；legal-size（紙張）大小適于書寫法律文件的；legalrepresentative法定代表人；legalprocedure法定程序；legalholiday法定假日；legalsystem法系；legalaid法律援助；legalguardian法定