云南省隴川縣第一中學高一英語《Unit4 Astronomy》教學設計（一）

云南省隴川縣第一中學高一英語Unit4 Astronomy教學設計（一）Warming up, Reading and Comprehending一、Teaching content1. Talk about the problems with diet.2. Talk about balanced diet and nutrition.二、Important words and phrases1. theory n學說；理論theoretical adj.理論上的2. begin with 以.為起點；起源于.；開始做.start with 以.為開始；從.著手end with 以.結束；end in 以.結尾3. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4. unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜歡be unlike. = be different fromunlike sth./sb. 位于句首，常用于表示對比。5harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的harm n&vt. 損傷；傷害harmless adj. 無害的harmlessness n. 無害be harmful to 對有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 對某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(無)害處。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事有(無)害處。mean no harm 沒有惡意eg. (1)Fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(2)What he did _ harmed his reputation. 他所做的損害了他的名聲。6. multiply v. 乘，增加，繁殖Eg.(1) 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8.(2) 2 added to 1 is /makes 3.(3) 4 divided by 2 is 2.7. lay eggs 下蛋l(fā)ay down 放下；犧牲，鋪設；制定lay off 解雇；停止lay aside 把.放在一邊 =put aside8exist vi. 存在；生存；維持生活existent adj. 存在的，現(xiàn)存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠為生 exist by 靠生存come into existence 開始存在；成立bring into existence 使發(fā)生，產生eg. (1)They exist on very little food. 他們靠極少的食物來生存。(2)That word doesnt _ exist in English. 英語中沒有這個詞。9. give birth to產生；分娩Eg. What he said gave birth to a dispute.10puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 難題；謎puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔細琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；開動腦筋be in a puzzle about sth. 對某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出個謎語叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑Eg. (1)Its quite _a_ _ puzzle_ _to_ us why he did that.他為何做那樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ puzzles_ me. 這個句子令我困惑。11in ones turn輪到某人；接著in turn依次；輪流；轉而；反過來by turns輪流；交替take ones turn輪到某人做了take turns依次；輪班，輪流Eg.We kept watch _ by_ _ turns_.We _ took_ _ turns_ to keep watch. 我們輪流守望。12prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保護某人不受侵襲，擋住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事Eg. (1)What can we do to _ prevent/stop/keep_ this disease _ from_ _spreading_？我們能做什么來防止這種疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ keep_ others _ waiting_ for long.不要讓別人等太久。提示：(1)在被動句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我們無法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能帶來傷害或損害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他們擠在一起，免受風吹。三、Sentence structures1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into asolid globe.be to do.必將會.；命中注定.,用來表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事時，通常用過去時。、Eg. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.be to do的常見用法：（1）表示“將”、“計劃”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to)如：Their daughter is to get married soon.Who is to question him？（2）表示“義務”、“應該” 。(意思接近于should， must， ought to， have to)如：No one is to leave the building.誰也不得離開這樓房。You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room.You are to be back by 10 oclock.你必須十點以前回來。（3）表示可能性,相當于can, may如:Such books are to be found in the library.這樣的書在圖書館里就能找到。Not a single sound was to be heard.一點兒聲音也聽不到。（4）用于“ifwere to do”，表示虛擬語氣。如：If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,運動會就會延期。2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.so.that “如此.以至于.”引導結果狀語從句suchthat作“如此以致”解，連接一個表示結果的狀語從句。與sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat這一結構中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，suchthat的句型結構可分以下三種：1) sucha(an)adj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclausehe is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。he was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常誠實，因而受到了老師的表揚。2)suchadj.復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclausethey are such interesting novels that i want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。3)suchadj.不可數(shù)名詞thatclause4This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.這就形成一個連鎖反應，使生命發(fā)展成為可能。本句中 it做形式賓語，真正的賓語為不定式短語 for life to develop。it做形式賓語還可以代替動名詞或從句。Eg. He thinks it his duty to help others. 他認為幫助別人是他的職責。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning. 他把每天早晨6點起床作為一項規(guī)定。You may depend on it that were honest. 你可以相信我們是誠實的。拓展：it還可以做形式主語，代替真正的主語不定式(或不定式復合結構)、動名詞(或動名詞復合結構)或從句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序數(shù)詞timethat.主語have/had done. 這是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主語did/should do. 是該做的時候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that. 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)猜測/據(jù)稱(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that. 可惜/遺憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看來/好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起來好像(10)Its up to sb. to do. 該某人做了Eg. (1)He didnt make _it_ clear when and where the meeting would be held.5But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)的表達方式有：(1)“A倍數(shù)形容詞或副詞的比較級thanB”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍數(shù)as形容詞或副詞的原級asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍數(shù)the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A倍數(shù)what從句”，表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大(比歐洲大三倍)。6.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改變了，行走的確需要一些練習(1)句中 does need是一種強調句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用來強調謂語動詞的語氣，在句中要重讀，譯為“真的”“的確”“確實”等。You do look nice today. 你今天看起來真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come. 杰克說他要來，他果真來了。在祈使句中，do表示強烈的請求，而不是命令，有時它可以使邀請對方的心意顯得更加客氣、熱情、友好，而且親切，此時的 do可譯為“千萬，務必”等。Please do sit down. 務必請坐下。Do be careful next time. 下次千萬要小心。(2)now that 在句中引導原因狀語從句，相當于 since，意為“既然，由于”，that 可省略。Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已經做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 說明已經成為事實的原因，常譯為“既然”。because 語氣最強，回答的是用 why提問的問句，表示直接的或為人所不知的原因。since與 as語氣較 because 弱，表示顯而易見或已為人所知的原因。since 側重主句，as主從并重，語氣比 since 弱。for是連詞，用來補充說明理由或提供一種解釋，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this? 你為什么這么做？Because it is good for you. 因為這對你有好處。Since you have known it, I wont repeat it. 既然你已經知道了，我就不重復了。Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 穿上結實的鞋子，因為我們要走不少路。It rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚下雨了，因為地面是濕的。四、ReadingStep 1 pre-reading1. Show students a picture about solar system. Let them match the names with the planets. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about the origin of life on the earth. Let students tell different stories that they know.2. Predicting by looking and discussing(1) Look at the pictures and title of the reading passage and discuss in pairs what the passage might be about.(2) Two or three students will give their opinions.(3) Let them read the passage quickly to see if they are right.Step 2 while-Reading1. Give students 3 minutes, and ask them to skim the passage to get the general idea for each paragraph and the passage.2. Allow students to read the passage carefully this time to get the important details, and then put the order of development of life into a timeline.(1) Insects and amphibians appeared.(2) Dinosaurs appeared.(3) The earth became a solid ball.(4) Small plants grow on the water.(5) Reptiles appeared.(6) Plants begin to grow on dry land.(7) The earth was a cloud of dust.(8) Water appeared on the earth.(9) Shellfish and other fish appeared.(10) The universe began with a “Big Bang”.(11) Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.(12) Mammals appeared.3. Give students 5 minutes to read the passage carefully, and then answer the following questions.1) What was there on the earth before life began?2) Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?3) Why did animals first appear in the sea?4) Why do green plants help life to develop?5) Why were mammals different from other animals?4. Give students 4 minutes to read the passage a third time. Encourage them to try to deal with the language points in the context. Give them some explanati