上海市徐匯區(qū)2020屆高三英語上學期期末學習能力診斷試題（含解析）

上海市徐匯區(qū)2020屆高三英語上學期期末學習能力診斷試題（含解析） 考生注意:1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音頻A. At a special party. B. At a hair-dressing salon.C. At a night club. D. At a fashion show.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: How would you like your hair today? The same style as usual?W: I have a special party to attend tonight and Id like to change my style.Q: Where does the dialogue most probably happen?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。2.音頻A. Finland. B. Egypt. C. Mexico. D. Zambia.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: Where would you probably go for this coming vacation?M: Hmm. I think I would go to Southern Africa.Q: Which of the following countries will the man probably go?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。3.音頻A. Camping. B. Travelling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: Youre absolutely right. Its such a good escape from everyday life.W: Yes. I love sleeping outside, cooking over an open fire and hearing all the nature sounds.Q: What are they most probably talking about?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。4.音頻A. She is also a fan of Argentina. B. She is also working very hard.C. She loves American football so much. D. She works for the World Cup.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: Im saving up my vacation time at work so I can go to the World Cup next year.W: Really? Me too. Actually, Im an Argentina fan.Q: Why does the woman say “Me too.”?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。5.音頻A. She threw something at a truck. B. She threw herself out of window and broke her leg.C. She moved a truck to save a little boy. D. She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: What? Sara broke her leg? What happened?M: Well. She threw herself in front of a moving truck to save a little boy in the middle of the road.Q: What did Sara do?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。6.音頻A. They planned to go skiing in the rain. B. They just want to grab the chance.C. They will probably change their mind. D. Theyll go skiing even in the rain.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: The weather forecast said that there is a chance of rain tomorrow. Well still go skiing?W: Maybe we shouldnt risk it. Im not sure I want to get stuck in the rain.Q: What do we learn from the talk?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。7.音頻A. Lisa likes the messy situation. B. Lisa made the mess.C. He and Lisa are settling a problem. D. Lisa likes the new place.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: How are you settling in?M: Oh, we are still in a bit of a mess, but Lisa seems to like it here.Q: What does the man mean?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。8.音頻A. The lady should stop being patient. B. He cant understand the ladys feeling.C. The lady should not blame others. D. Nobody may be interested in her problem.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W: You just dont know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him.M: Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively.Q: What does the man mean?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。9.音頻A. Certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party.C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii. D. A picture of the moon.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: Congratulations! Its absolutely a grand wedding party. Have you opened the gift I gave you?W: Yes. Thanks a lot. Hawaii is a nice place for the honeymoon.Q: Whats probably the gift?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。10.音頻A. They went to see a movie. B. The dancers impressed them both.C. The woman is also a dancer. D. The man invited the lady to the show.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: What a fantastic performance! Thank you for inviting me to the musical.W: You are welcome. Im happy you enjoyed the show. The dancers were amazing. It reminds me of when I used to dance.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.音頻11. A. Aircraft design. B. Mathematics. C. Engineering. D. Science.12. A. 40. B. 14. C. 4. D. 0.13.A. She stuck to studying engineering at college.B. She addressed to students at high schools and colleges.C. She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work.D. She researched defense systems of satellites and rockets.【答案】11. B 12. D 13. B【解析】Mary Ross was born on August 9, 1908, in the state of Oklahoma. Her work is considered critical to the early stages of the age of space travel.Ross showed special abilities in math and science from an early age. As a student, she developed an interest in aviation, the practice of flying aircraft. She went on to earn a masters degree in mathematics from Colorado State Teachers College - now called the University of Northern Colorado.During World War II, Ross began working for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation as a mathematician. There, she was urged to complete work in aircraft engineering. She earned a special certification in the field from the University of California - Los Angeles in 1949.Ross was later chosen to join Lockheeds top-secret Skunk Works team that worked on aircraft designs. The name refers to a group that is permitted to work independently on advanced projects. She was the only female engineer among the teams 40 members.Early on, she researched defense systems. By the late 1950s, her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets called Agenda. The rockets were extremely important in the 1960s during the Apollo moon program.Ross retired from Lockheed in 1973. But she continued to give talks at high schools and colleges to encourage more women and Native Americans to study engineering.Mary Ross died in 2020, a few months before her 100th birthday.Questions:In what major did Ross get her masters degree?How many female colleagues did Ross have when working in a Lockheeds top-secret team?What did Ross go on to do after her retirement?【11題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?2題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?3題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。Questions are based on the following passage.音頻14.A. The South Atlantic Ocean. B. The coast of South America.C. African continent. D. The coast of Angola.15.A. He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals.B. He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals on the coast.C. He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa.D. He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum.16.A. Because the remains were exposed on the coast.B. Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place.C. Because these animals were driven to one place and killed.D. Because these animals were all eaten by one large, fierce ancient sea animal.【答案】14. D 15. D 16. B【解析】Millions of years ago, many large, strange-looking sea creatures lived in what is now the South Atlantic Ocean. Scientists say the continents of South America and Africa separated millions of years ago. As this happened, they say, many kinds of dangerous animals and other life forms settled in the newly formed body of water off the coast of Angola.Today, scientists are studying ancient animal remains discovered on the Angolan coast. They knew there would be remains in the area, but didnt know how good they would be.Jacobs and a team of scientists and students helped prepare the remains to be shown at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He said visitors to the museum can see the similarity between the ancient and modern ocean environment and animals.Michael Polcyn, another researcher, says one ancient fish-eating animal had a long nose and teeth similar to that of a dolphin. He notes that visitors can see the remains of large, fierce animals, as well as gentler creatures like an ancient giant sea turtle.We have a clear picture of this moment in time 72 million years ago that has preserved all of these animals that were living together in one place.Scientists say a large rock from space hit the earth millions of years ago and killed most of the animals.Questions:Where are scientists studying the ancient animal remains?What does Jacobs do?Why could scientists find so many ancient animal remains?【14題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?5題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。【16題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。Questions are based on the following passage.音頻17.A. A saving account in a single name. B. A saving account in joint names.C. A checking account in a single name. D. A checking account in joint names.18. A. 4. B. 3 C. 2 D. 119.A. The lady and her brothers or sisters. B. The ladys parents.C. The lady and her father. D. The lady and her mother.20.A. Identification paper, photograph, a letter of introduction and some money.B. Identification paper, some clarifications, a letter of introduction and some money.C. A letter of introduction, photographs, a check book and some money.D. Driving license, identification paper, photos, and a letter of introduction.【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A【解析】W: Good morning, sir. May I come in?M: Good morning. Yes, please. Take a seat. I guess you want to open an account, right?W: Yes.M: Great! What account do you want to open, a checking account or a savings account?W: I would like to open a savings account in your bank. What is the procedure?M: Would you like to open an account in a single name or in joint names?W: I would like to open a joint account with my father.M: In that case both of you have to present identification papers and a set of two photographs each.W: Would it be alright if I brought a photocopy of my driving license?M: Yes, that would be fine. In fact, photocopies of your voters card electricity bill, or driving license are accepted.W: Is that all that is required?M: Just one more requirement. We need an introduction by an account holder of our bank.W: Fine Ill get that. Just two more clarifications, please. What is the minimum bank balance needed for opening the account and what is the interest rate on a savings account?M: The minimum balance is $ 500 and we are offering an interest rate of 3.5% on the savings account these days.W: Ill be back with all the stuff needed.M: Yes, on opening an account with us we will give you a cheque book for withdrawals and a pass book for keeping an account. Both you and your father can operate the account.W: Thank you for all the help.M: A friendly and prompt customer service is our motto.Questions:What kind of account does the lady want to open?How many photos does the lady need to prepare for a new account?Who may withdraw money from the account?What does a person need to open a savings account in this bank?【17題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?8題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?9題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽力題， 解析略。II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate(南方聯(lián)盟) troops were led by perhaps _21_ (honored) military tactician(戰(zhàn)略家) in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union (北方聯(lián)盟)soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man _22_ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy _23_ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, _24_ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, _25_ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lees army. He had already been aware, for example, _26_ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hookers own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves _27_ Lees army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lees only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus _28_ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive _29_ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but _30_ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lees army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lees troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hookers forces withdrew in defeat.【答案】21. the most honored22. whose 23. had won24. exhausted25. may 26. that27. behind 28. assuring29. were dismissed30. to retreat【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭時期著名的錢瑟勒斯維爾戰(zhàn)役中，著名的軍事戰(zhàn)略家Robert E. Lee將軍領導的南方聯(lián)盟軍扭轉(zhuǎn)不利戰(zhàn)局，最終戰(zhàn)勝了年輕自大的Joe Hooker指揮的北方聯(lián)盟軍?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：南方聯(lián)盟軍是由也許是美國歷史上最受尊敬的軍事戰(zhàn)略家Robert E. Lee將軍領導的。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“美國歷史上最受尊敬的軍事戰(zhàn)略家”，應該用形容詞最高級，故填the most honored?！?2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Hooker是一個金發(fā)碧眼、肩膀?qū)掗煹哪贻p人，他對自己外表的驕傲只是他自我為中心的一個方面。此處為定語從句，先行詞為man，從句中缺少定語，故填whose?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：Hooker宣稱，盡管南方聯(lián)盟軍在過去的四場主要戰(zhàn)役中都取得了勝利，但士兵們饑寒交迫、筋疲力盡、士氣低落， 但他的計劃是完美的。win這個動作發(fā)生在proclaimed之前，也就是過去的過去，應該用過去完成時，故填had won?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意參考上題解析，修飾人用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，表示“感到的”，故填exhausted?！?5題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：當我實施我的計劃時，愿上帝保佑Bobby Lee。通常用may表示“祝愿”，故填may?！?6題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：例如，他已經(jīng)知道Lee只有61,000人，而他有134,000人。aware后是賓語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以用that引導，be aware表示“意識到、知道”，故填that?！?7題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在上級的支持下，Hooker秘密地把7萬士兵調(diào)離15英里并過河，然后命令他們偷偷地潛伏到Lee將軍的后方，根據(jù)句意此處表示“在的后面”，故填behind?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：Lee唯一的選擇是退回到Richmond，從而保證了北方聯(lián)盟軍的勝利。Lee與assure之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填assuring。【29題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：那些警告Hooker說Lee正在進攻的士兵被斥為懦夫。soldiers與dismiss之間是被動關系，而且講述的是過去的事情，應該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填were dismissed?！?0題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：確信Lee除了撤退別無選擇后，Hooker開始忽略現(xiàn)實。have no choice but to do表示“別無選擇，只能”，故填to retreat。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat _31_ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot _32_ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally _33_ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) _34_ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, _35_ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) _36_ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106 F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating _37_. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be _38_ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or _39_ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling _40_. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102 F.【答案】31. F 32. H33. I 34. A35. G 36. J37. K 38. E39. B 40. C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了熱衰竭和中暑的癥狀以及一些急救措施?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：熱反應通常發(fā)生在筋疲力竭的運動后，由于出汗過多而流失大量的水分和鹽，此處缺少名詞作主語，根據(jù)occur判斷是復數(shù)名詞，故填F?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：當身體過熱而又無法消除這種過熱時，就有可能發(fā)生熱衰竭和中暑。此處缺少謂語，cannot后接動詞原形，故填H。【33題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：熱衰竭的特征通常是皮膚出汗、疲勞、虛弱、頭暈、大量出汗，有時還會暈倒，這些是由水的攝入量不足和汗液流失而導致的。be characterized by表示“以為特點”，故填I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意參考上題解析，修飾intake用形容詞，表示“不足的”，故填A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這種情況的急救措施包括讓患者躺下，抬起腳8到12寸，在皮膚上敷涼的濕布，在一小時內(nèi)給患者喝鹽水（每杯一茶勺，每15分鐘半杯）。此處與having，applying及giving并列作include的賓語，應該用動名詞，故填G。【36題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：中暑嚴重得多，它是一種立即威及生命的情況。修飾名詞situation用形容詞，根據(jù)中暑嚴重得多可知此處表示“立即的”，故填J。【37題詳解】考查名詞。句意：中暑的特征是體溫偏高，快速的脈搏、發(fā)熱、皮膚干燥以及出汗機制受阻。此處缺少可數(shù)名詞作表語，表