外文翻譯--液壓傳動(dòng)控制.doc

附錄一英文文獻(xiàn)：Hydraulictransmissioncontrolisoftenusedinindustry,akindofcontrolmode,itadoptshydrauliccompletedtheprocessofenergy.Becausehydraulictransmissioncontrolmodeofflexibilityandconvenience,hydrauliccontrolinindustrybyextensiveattention.Hydraulictransmissionisresearchtohavepressurefluidforenergymedium,toachievevariousmachineandautomaticcontrolsubjects.Hydraulictransmissionusingthiskindofelementtoallkindsofcontrolcircuitneededsomeloop,againbyorganiccombinationbecomecompletionofacertaincontrolfunctionsoftransmissionsystemtocompleteenergytransferandconversionandcontrol.Fromtheprinciplespeaking,hydraulictransmission,basedonthebasicprinciple,thatis,theprincipleisPASCALpressureofthefluidisconsistentthroughoutthebalance,sothatinthesystem,thesmallerthepistontoppressuresaresmall,andbigonthepistonisalsogreatpressurefrom,thismaintainstheliquidstatic.Sothroughtheliquidtransfer,cangetdifferentservethedifferentpressure,whichcanachievethepurposeofatransformation.Wehavecommontothehydraulicjackistousethisprincipletoachievepowertransfer.Hydraulictransmissionprincipleofhydraulicdriveneededelementsaremainlypowercomponents,actuators,controlelements,auxiliarycomponentsetc.Includinghydraulicpowercomponentsisforhydraulicsystemproducesthepowercomponents,includingvarioushydraulicpump.Hydraulicpumprelyonvolumevariationprincipleforthejob,andsoarealsocommonlycalledvolumehydraulicpump.Gearpumpisthemostcommonkindofhydraulicpump,itthroughthegearsturningtwomeshcampaignmakesaliquid.Otherhydraulicpumpandvanepump,pistonpump,intheselectionofhydraulicmajorproblemsneedingattentionincludeenergyconsumption,efficiency,reducenoise.Hydraulicactuatorsisusedtoexecutewillprovidehydraulicpumpcanturnintomechanicaldevice,mainlyincludinghydrauliccylinderandhydraulicpressuremotor.Hydraulicmotorisworkingwithhydraulicpumptodotheoppositeofthedevice,namelythehydraulicenergyconversion,whichiscalledtheforeignpowerenergy.Hydrauliccontrolelementsareusedtocontroltheflowoffluiddirection,pressureandtheheightofthesizeoftheexpectedtoflowcontrol,tomeetthespecificrequirements.Justbecauseofthehydrauliccontrolcomponentsflexibility,makesthehydrauliccontrolsystemcanaccomplishofdifferentactivities.Hydrauliccontrolelementsaccordingtousecanbedividedintopressurevalves,flowcontrolvalves,directioncontrolvalves.Accordingtotheoperationmodecanbedividedintohumanmanoeuvringvalve,mechanicalmanipulationmethod,electricmanoeuvringvalve,etc.Inadditiontotheabovecomponentsoutside,hydrauliccontrolsystemneedhydraulicauxiliarycomponents.Thesecomponentsincludingpipeandtubefittings,oiltank,filters,accumulatorandsealingdevices.Throughtheaboveeachdevice,wecanbuildahydrauliccircuits.Theso-calledhydraulicloopthroughvarioushydrauliccomponentsisthecorrespondingcontrolcircuit.Accordingtothedifferentcontroltarget,wecandesigndifferentcircuit,suchaspressurecontrolcircuit,speedcontrolcircuit,multi-cylinderworkcontrolcircuit,etc.Accordingtothestructureandcharacteristicsofhydraulicdriveinhydraulicsystemdesign,system,thefirsttoanalysis,then,theprinciplediagramworked,includingsystemwiththisprinciplechartisthesymbolofhydraulicmachinery.Throughcalculatingchoosehydraulicdeviceafterthecompletesystem,andthenagainthedesignanddebug.Inthisprocess,theprinciplechartdrawingisthemostcritical.Itdecidedtoadesignsystemoftheprosandcons.Hydraulictransmissionappliedisstrong,suchasloadingandunloadingDuiMamachinehydraulicsystem,whichisusedasastoragemachinery,inmodernwarehouseuseittoachievetextilesbag,oil,barrelandothergoodsofloadingandunloadingmechanizationwork.Canalsobeusedinuniversalcylindricalgrinderhydraulicsystem,productionpractice.Thesystemischaracteristicofpowerislarger,theproductionefficiencyishigher,stabilityisbetter.Hydraulicasawideapplicationtechnology,inthefutureisabroadprospect.Alongwiththedevelopmentofcomputer,hydrauliccontrolsystemcanandintelligentcontroltechnology,computercontroltechnology,technology,sothattheycancombineinmoreplaces,alsocanplaytheroleinmoresophisticated,moreflexibilitytoaccomplishitscontroltasks譯文：液壓傳動(dòng)控制是工業(yè)中經(jīng)常用到的一種控制方式，它采用液壓完成傳遞能量的過(guò)程。因?yàn)橐簤簜鲃?dòng)控制方式的靈活性和便捷性，液壓控制在工業(yè)上受到廣泛的重視。液壓傳動(dòng)是研究以有壓流體為能源介質(zhì)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種機(jī)械和自動(dòng)控制的學(xué)科。液壓傳動(dòng)利用這種元件來(lái)組成所需要的各種控制回路，再由若干回路有機(jī)組合成為完成一定控制功能的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)完成能量的傳遞、轉(zhuǎn)換和控制。從原理上來(lái)說(shuō)，液壓傳動(dòng)所基于的最基本的原理就是帕斯卡原理，就是說(shuō)，液體各處的壓強(qiáng)是一致的，這樣，在平衡的系統(tǒng)中，比較小的活塞上面施加的壓力比較小，而大的活塞上施加的壓力也比較大，這樣能夠保持液體的靜止。所以通過(guò)液體的傳遞，可以得到不同端上的不同的壓力，這樣就可以達(dá)到一個(gè)變換的目的。我們所常見(jiàn)到的液壓千斤頂就是利用了這個(gè)原理來(lái)達(dá)到力的傳遞。液壓傳動(dòng)基本原理液壓傳動(dòng)中所需要的元件主要有動(dòng)力元件、執(zhí)行元件、控制元件、輔助元件等。其中液壓動(dòng)力元件是為液壓系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力的部件，主要包括各種液壓泵。液壓泵依靠容積變化原理來(lái)工作，所以一般也稱(chēng)為容積液壓泵。齒輪泵是最常見(jiàn)的一種液壓泵，它通過(guò)兩個(gè)嚙合的齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)使得液體進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)。其他的液壓泵還有葉片泵、柱塞泵，在選擇液壓泵的時(shí)候主要需要注意的問(wèn)題包括消耗的能量、效率、降低噪音。液壓執(zhí)行元件是用來(lái)執(zhí)行將液壓泵提供的液壓能轉(zhuǎn)變成機(jī)械能的裝置，主要包括液壓缸和液壓馬達(dá)。液壓馬達(dá)是與液壓泵做相反的工作的裝置，也就是把液壓的能量轉(zhuǎn)換稱(chēng)為機(jī)械能，從而對(duì)外做功。液壓控制元件用來(lái)控制液體流動(dòng)的方向、壓力的高低以及對(duì)流量的大小進(jìn)行預(yù)期的控制，以滿(mǎn)足特定的工作要求。正是因?yàn)橐簤嚎刂圃骷撵`活性，使得液壓控制系統(tǒng)能夠完成不同的活動(dòng)。液壓控制元件按照用途可以分成壓力控制閥、流量控制閥、方向控制閥。按照操作方式可以分成人力操縱閥、機(jī)械操縱法、電動(dòng)操縱閥等。除了上述的元件以外，液壓控制系統(tǒng)還需要液壓輔助元件。這些元件包括管路和管接頭、油箱、過(guò)濾器、蓄能器和密封裝置。通過(guò)以上的各個(gè)器件，我們就能夠建設(shè)出一個(gè)液壓回路。所謂液壓回路就是通過(guò)各種液壓器件構(gòu)成的相應(yīng)的控制回路。根據(jù)不同的控制目標(biāo)，我們能夠設(shè)計(jì)不同的回路，比如壓力控制回路、速度控制回路、多缸工作控制回路等。根據(jù)液壓傳動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其特點(diǎn)，在液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中，首先要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，然后擬定系統(tǒng)的原理圖，其中這個(gè)原理圖是用液壓機(jī)械符號(hào)來(lái)表示的。之后通過(guò)計(jì)算選擇液壓器件，進(jìn)而再完成系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試。這個(gè)過(guò)程