外文翻譯--電梯的負載特性.doc

外文資料翻譯1Inthearticlehasanalyzedtheelevatorloadcharacteristics,elaboratedusesthetrapezoidaccelerationcurvetheelevatoridealvelocitycurve,unifiesthefrequencychangerandthePLCperformance,elaboratedtheelevatorcontrolsystemconstitutionandtheoperationalfactor.Elaboratedtheelevatorspeedcurveproducesthemethod,hasinducedthecharacteristicwhichdesignsbyPLCconstitutioncontrolsystemsoftware.Keyword:Loadcharacteristicsidealvelocitycurvecontrolsystemsoftwaredesign文中分析了電梯的負載特性，闡述了采用梯形加速曲線的電梯理想速度曲線，結(jié)合變頻器和PLC的性能，論述了電梯控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成和工作特性。闡述了電梯速度曲線產(chǎn)生的方法，歸納了由PLC構(gòu)成的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計的特點。關(guān)鍵詞：負載特性理想速度曲線控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計1.OutlineAlongwiththeurbanconstructionunceasingdevelopment,thehigh-riseconstructionunceasinglyincreases,theelevatorhasthewidespreadapplicationinthenationaleconomyandthelife.Theelevatortookinthehigh-riseconstructiontheverticalmovementtransportationvehiclealreadyandpeoplesdailylifeisinseparable.Infacttheelevatorisaccordingtoexteriormovementandsooncallingsignalaswellasowncontrolrule,butcallsisstochastic,theelevatorisapersonmachineinteractivecontrolsysteminfact,purelyiscannotsatisfythecontrolrequestwiththesequentialcontrolorthelogicalcontrol,Therefore,theelevatorcontrolsystemusesthestochasticlogicalwaycontrol.Atpresenttheelevatorcontrolgenerallyhasselectedtwomethods,oneisusesthemicrocomputertotakethesignalcontrolunit,completestheelevatorsignalgathering,therunningstatusandthefunctionhypothesis,realizestheelevatorautomaticdispatchandthecollectionchoosesthemovementfunction,drivesthecontroltocompletebythefrequencychanger；Thesecondcontrolmode(PLC)substitutesforthemicrocomputerrealizationsignalcollectionwiththeprogrammablecontrollertochoosethecontrol.Saidfromthecontrolmodeandtheperformance,thesetwomethodscertainlynottoobigdifference.Thedomesticfactorymostlychoosesthesecondway,itsreasonliesintheproductionscaleslightly,owndesignandthemanufacturemicrocomputercontroldevicecost外文資料翻譯2ishigher；ButPLCreliabilityhigh,programmingconveniencenimble,theantijammingabilitystrong,themovementstableisreliableandsoonthecharacteristic,thereforethepresentelevatorcontrolsystemwidelyusestheprogrammablecontrollertorealize.1.概述隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多，電梯在國民經(jīng)濟和生活中有著廣泛的應用。電梯作為高層建筑中垂直運行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活密不可分。實際上電梯是根據(jù)外部呼叫信號以及自身控制規(guī)律等運行的，而呼叫是隨機的，電梯實際上是一個人機交互式的控制系統(tǒng)，單純用順序控制或邏輯控制是不能滿足控制要求的，因此，電梯控制系統(tǒng)采用隨機邏輯方式控制。目前電梯的控制普遍采用了兩種方式，一是采用微機作為信號控制單元，完成電梯信號的采集、運行狀態(tài)和功能的設(shè)定，實現(xiàn)電梯的自動調(diào)度和集選運行功能，拖動控制則由變頻器來完成；第二種控制方式用可編程控制器（PLC）取代微機實現(xiàn)信號集選控制。從控制方式和性能上來說，這兩種方法并沒有太大的區(qū)別。國內(nèi)廠家大多選擇第二種方式，其原因在于生產(chǎn)規(guī)模較小，自己設(shè)計和制造微機控制裝置成本較高；而PLC可靠性高，程序設(shè)計方便靈活，抗干擾能力強、運行穩(wěn)定可靠等特點，所以現(xiàn)在的電梯控制系統(tǒng)廣泛采用可編程控制器來實現(xiàn)。2.ElevatoridealperformancediagramIndicatedaccordingtothemassiveresearchandtheexperiment,thepersonmayacceptthemaximumaccelerationisam=1.5m/s2,accelerationrateofchangerhom=the3m/s3,elevatoridealperformancediagrammaydivideaccordingtotheaccelerationisthetriangle,thetrapezoidandthesineprofile,Asaresultofsineprofileaccelerationcurverealizationmoredifficult,butthetrianglecurvemaximumaccelerationandisstartingandappliesthebrakethesectionturningpointaccelerationrateofchangetobebiggerthanthetrapezoidalcurve,namely+rhomjumpsto-rhomorjumpsfrom-rhomto+rhothemaccelerationrateofchange,thereforeverylittleuses,becausethetrapezoidalcurveiseasytorealizeandhasthegoodaccelerationrateofchangefrequenttarget,thereforeiswidelyused,usesthetrapezoidalaccelerationcurveelevatoridealperformancediagramlikechart1toshow:2.電梯理想運行曲線根據(jù)大量的研究和實驗表明,人可接受的最大加速度為am1.5m/s2,加速度變化率m3m/s3,電梯的理想運行曲線按加速度可劃分為三角形、梯形和正弦波外文資料翻譯3形，由于正弦波形加速度曲線實現(xiàn)較為困難，而三角形曲線最大加速度和在啟動及制動段的轉(zhuǎn)折點處的加速度變化率均大于梯形曲線，即+m跳變到-m或由-m跳變到+m的加速度變化率，故很少采用，因梯形曲線容易實現(xiàn)并且有良好加速度變化率頻繁指標，故被廣泛采用。Theintelligentfrequencychangerisfortheelevatorspecial-purposefrequencychangerrequestandsoonelevatornimblevelocitymodulation,controlandhighaccuracyevenlevelwhichbutspeciallydesigns,mayuseforpartsthegeneralthree-phaseasynchronousmotor,andhasfunctionandsoonintellectualizedsoftware,standardconnection,menuprompt,inputelevatorcurveandotheressentialparameter.Ithasthedebuggingconveniencequickly,moreovercanautomaticallyrealizethesinglemultilayeredfunction,andhastheautomaticoptimizationdecelerationcurvethefunction,iscomposedthevelocitymodulationsystemcrawlingtimebyitfew,theevenleveldistanceisshort,nomatteristhedoublewindingelectricmotor,orelectricmotorsuitable,itshighestdesignspeedmayreach4m/s,itsuniquecomputermonitoringsoftware,maychoosetheserialinterfacerealizationinput/outputsignalthenon-electroniccontactcontrol.Thefrequencychangerconstituteselevatorsystem,whenthefrequencychangerreceivesthecontrollertosendoutshoutstheladderdirectionsignal,thefrequencychangerbasishypothesisspeedandtheaccelerationvalue,thestartingmotor,afterachievedthemaximumspeed,theuniformspeedmoves,whenarrivesthegoalleveldecelerates,thecontrollersendsoutshutsoffthehighvelocitysignal,reducesthespeedwhichthefrequencychangerestablishesthemaximumspeedtoreducetothecrawlingspeed,Indeceleratesinthemovementprocess,thefrequencychangercantheautomaticcomputationdeceleratetotheevenlevelspotbetweendistance,andcalculatestheoptimizedcurve,thuscanaccordingtotheoptimizedcurvemovement,causethelowspeedcrawlingtimetoreduceto0.3s,thefrequencychangerthroughadjustslevelingthespeedintheelevatorevenlevelprocessorappliesthebrakethepitchtoadjustlevelingtheprecision.Namelywhentheelevatorstopstooearly,thefrequencychangerincreasesthelowspeedvalueorthereductionappliesthebrakethepitchvalue,otherwisereducesthelowspeedvalueorincreasesappliesthebrakethepitchvalue,whentheelevatortoleavesevenlevelposition4-10cm,hastheevenlevelswitch外文資料翻譯4automaticseparationlowspeedsignal,thesystemaccordingtotheoptimizedcurverealizationhighaccuracyevenlevel,thusachievedtheevenlevelaccurateisreliable.智能變頻器是為電梯的靈活調(diào)速、控制及高精度平層等要求而專門設(shè)計的電梯專用變頻器，可配用通用的三相異步電動機，并具有智能化軟件、標準接口、菜單提示、輸入電梯曲線及其它關(guān)鍵參數(shù)等功能。其具有調(diào)試方便快捷，而且能自動實現(xiàn)單多層功能，并具有自動優(yōu)化減速曲線的功能，由其組成的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的爬行時間少，平層距離短，不論是雙繞組電動機，還是單繞組電動機均可適用，其最高設(shè)計速度可達4m/s，其獨特的電腦監(jiān)控軟件，可選擇串行接口實現(xiàn)輸入/輸出信號的無觸點控制。變頻器構(gòu)成的電梯系統(tǒng)，當變頻器接收到控制器發(fā)出的呼梯方向信號，變頻器依據(jù)設(shè)定的速度及加速度值，啟動電動機，達到最大速度后，勻速運行，在到達目的層的減速點時，控制器發(fā)出切斷高速度信號，變頻器以設(shè)定的減速度將最大速度減至爬行速度，在減速運行過程中，變頻器的能夠自動計算出減速點到平層點之間的距離，并計算出優(yōu)化曲線，從而能夠按優(yōu)化曲線運行，使低速爬行時間縮短至0.3s,在電梯的平層過程中變頻器通過調(diào)整平層速度或制動斜坡來調(diào)整平層精度。即當電梯停得太早時，變頻器增大低速度值或減少制動斜坡值，反之則減少低速度值或增大制動斜坡值，在電梯到距平層位置410cm時，有平層開關(guān)自動斷開低速信號，系統(tǒng)按優(yōu)化曲線實現(xiàn)高精度的平層，從而達到平層