牛津版高一英語(yǔ)必修1全套教案

牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第1講）【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一UNIT1（上）二、教學(xué)要求1掌握和校園生活有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。2學(xué)會(huì)描述校園生活和學(xué)校設(shè)施。HIGHSCHOOLISATIMEOFDISCOVERY,LEARNINGANDHARDWORK高中是探索、學(xué)習(xí)和辛勤勞動(dòng)的時(shí)期HUGECAMPUSANDLOWRISEBUILDING學(xué)校面積大，沒(méi)有高層建筑。TWELVELABORATORIESAREAVAILABLEFORDIFFERENTEXPERIMENTS12個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室可供不同試驗(yàn)使用。EACHROOMCOMESWITHITSOWNBOTHROOMANDINTERNETACCESS每個(gè)房間都有自己的衛(wèi)生間和英特網(wǎng)接口。3學(xué)習(xí)閱讀技巧SKIMMING例如EXCITINGNEWS,SLEEPINGDOG過(guò)去分詞則有被動(dòng)或完成的意思,常表示“感到的”、“被的”,例如ANEXCITEDCROWDOFPEOPLE,BROKENHEART3IWASVERYHAPPYWITHTHESCHOOLHOURSINBRITAINBECAUSESCHOOLSTARTSAROUND9AMANDENDSABOUT330PM我對(duì)英國(guó)學(xué)校的作息時(shí)間很滿意因?yàn)閷W(xué)校大約上午9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始上課，下午3點(diǎn)半左右放學(xué)。BEHAPPYWITHBEPLEASEDWITH,AROUNDABOUT。4THISMEANSICOULDGETUPANHOURLATERTHANUSUALASSCHOOLSINCHINABEGINBEFORE8AM這意味著我可以晚一小時(shí)起床，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)學(xué)校8點(diǎn)鐘上課。ASADV同樣地,被看作,象PREP當(dāng)做CONJ與一樣,當(dāng)之時(shí),象,因?yàn)楸締卧啻纬霈F(xiàn)AS,用法各不相同,應(yīng)注意比較。另外AS還可以構(gòu)成一些常用詞組ASIF就好像,ASFARAS就而言,SOASTO以便于,ASFOR至于,SUCHAS例如，等等。MEAN意味著,后面通常加名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。例如THEATTACKOFPEARHARBORMEANTADECLARATIONOFWARWITHTHEUNITEDSTATESTHERAISEOFSALARYMEANSTHATICANSENDMYDAUGHTERTOABETTERSCHOOL5HEALSOTOLDUSTHATTHEBESTWAYTOEARNRESPECTFROMTHESCHOOLWASTOWORKHARDANDACHIEVEHIGHGRADES他還告訴我們贏得學(xué)校尊敬的最好方法是努力學(xué)習(xí)并取得好成績(jī)。THEBESTWAYTODOSTHISTO結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)表達(dá)做某事的最好方法是,例如THEBESTWAYTOLEARNENGLISHISTOUSEITASOFTENASPOSSIBLE6IFOUNDTHEHOMEWORKWASNOTASHEAVYASWHATIUSEDTOGETINMYOLDSCHOOL,BUTITWASABITCHALLENGINGFORMEATFIRSTBECAUSEALLTHEHOMEWORKWASINENGLISH我發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒的家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)有我原來(lái)學(xué)校的多，但一開(kāi)始對(duì)我有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樗凶鳂I(yè)都是英語(yǔ)的。ASAS,中間加形容詞或副詞,一般要連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分,請(qǐng)比較下面兩句話YOUHATEHIMASMUCHASIYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASIHATEHIMYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASMEYOUHATEHIMASMUCHASYOUHATEMEUSEDTO過(guò)去常常,隱含的意思是現(xiàn)在的情況已經(jīng)不同。例如SHEUSEDTOSTUDYVERYHARDSHEDOESNOTSTUDYSOHARDANYMOREUSEDTO的否定形式是USEDNTTO/DIDNTUSETO注意BEUSEDTOSTH/DOING表示習(xí)慣于7COOKINGWASREALLYFUNASILEARNTHOWTOBUY,PREPAREANDCOOKFOOD當(dāng)我學(xué)著怎樣買(mǎi)菜、洗菜、燒飯時(shí)，烹飪真的是一件有趣的事。FUN是名詞,有趣的事情,副詞REALLY并非修飾它,而是修飾前面的BE動(dòng)詞WAS試比較HEISREALLYAFUNNYGUY和HEISAREALLYFUNNYGUY這兩句意思雖然相同,但REALLY修飾的對(duì)象不同,因此說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同。8IDOLIKEEATINGDESSERTSAFTERMEALSASYOUMENTIONEDINYOURARTICLE就像你在文章中提到的那樣，我的確喜歡在飯后吃甜食。DO、DID在陳述句中，用在動(dòng)詞前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可譯作的確、確實(shí)。9UPONFINISHINGHISSTUDIES,HESTARTEDTRAVELLINGINCHINA完成學(xué)業(yè)之后，他開(kāi)始在中國(guó)旅行。介詞UPON/ON加DOING相當(dāng)于帶ASSOONAS的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。UPONFINISHINGHISSTUDYASSOONASHEFINISHEDHISSTUDY10FORMERSTUDENTRETURNFROMCHINA一位校友重中國(guó)歸來(lái)FORMER,PAST,OLD雖然都和過(guò)去有關(guān)，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。FORMER“過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是的、前任”,PAST“過(guò)去的”O(jiān)LD“老的、從前的”。例如FORMERPRESIDENT前總統(tǒng)，PASTEXPERIENCE以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，MYOLDSCHOOL我的母校。11EARN,ACHIEVE和GAIN這三個(gè)單詞的基本意思都是“GET”但含義不盡相同,EARNGETASTHEREWARDOFWORK（掙，得到作為工作的回報(bào)）,ACHIEVEGETWHATYOUWANTBYEFFORT成就,通過(guò)努力達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo),GAIN和“GET”的用法最接近，它對(duì)得到的方法和內(nèi)容都沒(méi)有具體要求。常見(jiàn)搭配EARNMONEY/ALIVING/ONESRESPECT/ONESBREAD,ACHIEVEAGAOL/SUCCESS/PURPOSE/HIGHGRADE,GAINEXPERIENCE/WEIGHT/ANADVANTAGEOVER/TIME/THEUPPERHAND占上風(fēng)/GROUND取得進(jìn)步【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句1用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的作用和作定語(yǔ)的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時(shí)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如金發(fā)女孩可譯作ABLONDEGIRL，AGIRLWITHBLONDEHAIR或AGIRLWHOHASBLONDEHAIR。定語(yǔ)從句通常由關(guān)系代詞THAT/WHICH/WHO/WHOM/WHICH/AS或關(guān)系副詞WHEN/WHERE/WHY引導(dǎo)，這些詞既指代主句中要說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞,又充當(dāng)從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。請(qǐng)看例句1TOMISTHEONLYPERSONWHOCANKEEPACOOLHEADINTIMEOFCRISISWHO指代主句中的先行詞PERSON,在從句中作主語(yǔ)2TOMISTHEONLYFRIENDWHOM或WHOICANRELYON指代FRIEND，在從句中作賓語(yǔ),所以常用代詞WHO的賓格形式3CHINAISNOLONGERTHEWEAKNATIONTHATSHEUSEDTOBE關(guān)系代詞THAT指代WEAKNATION，在從句中作表語(yǔ)4THESCHOOLWHOSEFLOORSPACEISVERYLIMITEDCANTTAKEINONEMORESTUDENT關(guān)系代詞WHOSE指代THESCHOOLS，從句中作FLOORSPACE的定語(yǔ)5ILIKETOGOTOTHEGYMWHEREICANHAVEAWORKOUTAFTERSITTIONGFORADAY關(guān)系副詞WHERE指代主句中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)GYM在從句中作狀語(yǔ)【閱讀技巧】SKIMMING下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹(shù)的是BEACH，它是從句的主語(yǔ)，所有以用關(guān)系代詞THAT來(lái)指代。2BESIDES,IMIGHTBEREADINGTHEBOOKSINYOURFATHERSBOOKCASESINSTEAD除此之外，我也許會(huì)只顧看你爸爸書(shū)櫥里的書(shū)，而不是去做作業(yè)。SHEWILLBEREADINGNEWSPAPERSANDMAGAZINESINSTEADOFDOINGHERHOMEWORK她將會(huì)忙著看報(bào)紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)?！癕IGHTBEREADING”，“WILLBEREADING”屬于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞BEDOING”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情的預(yù)言、推測(cè)或期待。例如ISHALLBELYINGINBEDANDWATCHINGMYFVOURITEFOOTBALLGAMEBYTHETIMEHEFINISHESHISHOMEWORK等他做完家庭作業(yè)時(shí)，我早就會(huì)躺在床上看我喜愛(ài)的足球比賽了?！癐NSTEAD，INSTEADOF”都表示“代替，而不是”“INSTEAD”通常需要承接上文才能表達(dá)完整的意思，“INSTEADOF”則可以在一句話中表達(dá)做了和沒(méi)做的事情。例如1）WEDIDNTGOHOMEAFTERSCHOOLWEWENTTOANETCAFINSTEADINSTEADOFGOINGHOMEAFTERSCHOOL,WEWENTTOANETCAF2STUDENTSINUKDONTHAVELOTSOFHOMEWORKTHEYHAVEMANYSCHOOLACTIVITIESSTUDENTSINUKHAVEMANYSCHOOLACTIVITIESINSTEADOFHOMEWORK3APROGRAMMEISAPLANOFACTIVITIESTOBEDONEORTHINGSTOBEACHIEVED規(guī)劃是指要進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或要完成任務(wù)的計(jì)劃。劃線部分是不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)，表示要做的事情。4THEMORECHOICESYOUHAVE,THEBETTERYOURFINALDECISIONSWILLBE相當(dāng)于IFYOUHAVEMORECHOICE條件狀語(yǔ)從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),YOUWILLMAKEBETTERDECISION（主句用將來(lái)時(shí)）你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好?！癟HE比較級(jí)（ADJ/ADV）或含比較級(jí)的詞組，THE另一個(gè)比較級(jí)（ADJ/ADV）或含比較級(jí)的詞組”,表示“越就越”。5YOURTEACHERHASRECEIVEDANEMAILFROMAFRIENDASKINGHERABOUTAHISTORYBOOKFROMYOURSCHOOLLIBRARY你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問(wèn)你們學(xué)校圖書(shū)館里的一本歷史書(shū)。劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)EMAIL的內(nèi)容。6ISBNINTERNATIONALSTANDARDBOOKNUMBER國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書(shū)編號(hào)ISSN（INTERNATIONALSTANDARDSERIALNUMBER）國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期刊編號(hào)7MAKE常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)賓搭配MAKETEA/COFFEE沏茶、沖咖啡,MAKEFRIENDS交朋友,MAKEMISTAKES犯錯(cuò)誤,MAKETROUBLE惹麻煩,MAKEASUGGESTION提建議,MAKEAFIRE生火,MAKEFACES做鬼臉,MAKEADECISION做決定,MAKECOMPARASIONS作比較,MAKEALIVING謀生,MAKEMONEY掙錢(qián),MAKEAREQUEST提要求,MAKEANAPPLICATION申請(qǐng)?！緦?xiě)作】通知和海報(bào)通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、組織對(duì)成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開(kāi)會(huì)議等所使用的應(yīng)用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關(guān)人員，如學(xué)生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡(jiǎn)意賅、措辭得當(dāng)、時(shí)間及時(shí)。例一布告形式的通知通常此類(lèi)通知上方正中寫(xiě)NOTICE或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫(xiě)在左下角處。例如NOTICEALLMUMBERSOFTHESTUDENTSUNIONAREREQUESTEDTOMEETINTHESCHOOLCONFERENCEROOMONSATURDAY,SEPT18TH,AT200PMTODISCUSSQUESTIONSOFINTERNATIONALCULTUREEXCHANGESWITHNEWZEALANDHIGHSCHOOLBANDSEPT14,2005海報(bào)的形式和媒體沒(méi)有特殊要求，它要先用簡(jiǎn)明、生動(dòng)的圖文吸引過(guò)往人群的注意力，再以簡(jiǎn)潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡(jiǎn)單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個(gè)網(wǎng)上海報(bào)，供大家參考MAKEAPOSTEREXPLAININGASAFETYRULEITSHOULDGIVEUSAGOODSTAYALERTMESSAGEIFYOURPOSTERWINSYOUWILLRECEIVEASASSTSHIRTANDITWILLAPPEARINTHESASSGALLERYMAILYOUPOSTERTOSTAYALERTSTAYSAFEPOBOX93006,499MAINSTSBRAMPTON,ONTARIOL6Y1N0【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句21定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞THAT、WHICH用來(lái)指代物，WHO、WHOM和THAT用來(lái)指代人，WHOSE用來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞WHEN、WHERE和WHY指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。2關(guān)系代詞的用法1如果先行詞是ALL,MUCH,ANYTHING,SOMETHING,NOTHING,EVERYTHING,LITTLE,NONE等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用THAT，不用WHICH。例如ALLTHATIHAVEISMYLOVEFORTHISLANDTHEREISNTMUCHTHATWECANDOTOEASEHISPAIN2如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及FIRST,LAST,ANY,ONLY,FEW,MUCH,NO,SOME,VERY等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用THAT,不用WHICH。例如THELASTPERSONTHATWEWANTTOINVITETOOURHOUSEISUNCLESAMNONATIONTHATISCAPABLEOFSUCHATROCITYCANBETRUSTEDBYITSNEIGHBOURS3非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞THAT,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如THEREAREABOUTSEVENMILLIONPEOPLETAKINGPARTINTHEELECTION,MOSTOFWHOMAREWELLEDUCATED4WHICH還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，WHICH可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與ANDTHIS相似。例如SHEFAILEDINHERATTEMPTTOCATCHTHEPRINCESATTENTION,WHICHWASAGREATDISAPPOINTMENTTOHERMOTHER5如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用WHICH若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用WHO。6先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用THAT。例如THEBOYANDTHEDOGTHATAREINTHEPICTUREAREVERYLOVELY7如果先行詞是ANYONE,ANYBODY,EVERYONE,EVERYBODY,SOMEONE,SOMEBODY,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用WHO或WHOM，不用WHICH。例如ISTHEREANYONEHEREWHOWILLGOWITHYOU8關(guān)系代詞THAT/WHICH/WHO/WHOM在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例如THEGIRLWHOMYOUJUSTSAWISTHECHEERLEADEROFOURFOOTBALLCLUBEVERYMOMENTTHATWESPENTINTHEUKWILLBEAPRECIOUSMEMORYFORUSAS在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法一引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（）AS多與SUCH或THESAME連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（）AS也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于WHICH。例如THEELEPHANTSNOSEISLIKEASNAKE,ASANYBODYCANSEE二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞WHEN在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，WHERE充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，WHY充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。例如WESHALLALWAYSREMEMBERTHEDAYWHENJAPANSURRENDEREDTOTHEALLYFORCETHISISONEOFTHEFEWPLACESWHEREYOUCANBUYTOPQUALITYWINE2THAT有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因THAT有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞WHEN,WHERE或者WHY引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因，這種定語(yǔ)從句中的THAT也可以省去。例如THATISTHETIMETHATHEARRIVESTHATISTHEREASONTHATHECAME【同步練習(xí)】一、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1HISPARENTSWOULDNTLETHIMPLAYWITHANYONE_SCORESWASPOORAOFWHOMBWHOMCOFWHOSEDWHOSE2SHEHEARDATERRIBLENOISE,_BROUGHTHERHEARTINTOHERMOUTHAITBWHICHCTHISDTHAT3INTHEDARKSTREET,THEREWASNTASINGLEPERSON_SHECOULDGETHELPATHATBWHOCFROMWHOMDTOWHOM4THEDAY_HECHOSEFORHISSONWEDDINGWASALUCKYDAYINTHELUNARCALENDARAWHENBWHERECTHATDWHO5AFTERLIVINGINPAIRSFORFIFTYYEARSHERETURNEDTOTHESMALLTOWN_HEGREWUPASACHILDAWHICHBWHERECTHATDWHEN6THISMONUMENTISALL_REMAINSOFTHEANCIENTKINGDOMAITBTHATCWHENDWHICH7HEMENTIONEDABOOKTHETILEOF_ICANTREMEMBERNOWAWHOBWHICHCTHISDWHAT8RECENTLYIBOUGHTANANCIENTCHINESEVASE,_WASVERYREASONABLEAWHICHPRICECTHEPRICEOFWHICHCITSPRICEDTHEPRICEOFWHOSE9_HASALREADYBEENPOINTEDOUT,GRAMMARISNOTASETOFDEADRULESAASBITCTHATDWHICH10HELIVEDINLONDONFOR3MONTHS,DURING_TIMEHELEARNEDSOMEENGLISHATHISBWHICHCTHATDSAME11ONTHEWALLHANGSAPICTURE,_COLORISBLUEAWHOSEBOFWHICHCWHICHDITS12ISTILLREMEMBERTHETIME_IFIRSTBECAMEACOLLEGESTUDENTAWHATBWHICHCTHATDWHEN13MRFORDSTILLTALKSLIKETHEMAN_HEWASTENYEARSAGOATHATBWHERECWHICHDTHERE14THEBOSS_DEPARTMENTMSKINGWORKEDTENYEARSAGOLOOKEDDOWNUPONWOMENAINWHICHBINTHATCINWHOSEDWHOSE15IDONTLIKE_YOUSPEAKTOHERATHEWAYBTHEWAYINTHATCTHEWAYWHICHDTHEWAYOFWHICH16IHADNEITHERARAINCOATNORANUMBRELLA_IGOTWETTHROUGHAITSTHEREASONBTHATSWHYCTHERESWHYDITSHOW17HEMADEANOTHERWONDERFULDISCOVERY,_OFGREATIMPORTANCETOSCIENCEAWHICHITHINKISBWHICHITHINKITISCWHICHITHINKITDITHINKWHICHIS18THEREISONLYONEDISHONTHETABLE_IWANTTOEATAWHOBTHATCWHATDWHCIH參考答案一、15DBCCB610BBCAB1115ADACA1618BAB牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第3講）【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一UNIT2（上）二、教學(xué)要求1學(xué)習(xí)談?wù)撉嗌倌杲?jīng)常遇到的問(wèn)題。2學(xué)會(huì)戲劇腳本。3了解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)的差別。4語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句（三）【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】一、重要單詞ACTN,SCENE,CURTAIN,TRASH,GARBAGE,CHARGE,ADULT,BEHAVIOR,TEENAGER,PUNISH,PERIOD,ARGUMENT,RELATIONSHIP,FORCE,UNPLEASANT,CHARACTER,EXPLAIN,SLAM,VETVETERINARIAN,STYLE,MESS,THUMB,VSVERSUS,PLUS,COMPETITION,SINK,FAULT,BORING二、重點(diǎn)詞組COMMONTO對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)很普遍,TURNUP調(diào)高聲音,出現(xiàn)AWASTEOF浪費(fèi),NOMORE不再,SPARETIME空余時(shí)間,FORCETO強(qiáng)迫（某人）做,CANTWAITTO迫不及待地要,BESUPPOSEDTO被期望或要求,本應(yīng)該，DOWITH處置,忍受，需要BEAMESS/INAMESS亂成一團(tuán),LEAVESBINCHARGE委托負(fù)責(zé),ACTLIKE行為舉止象,GOUNPUNISHED不受懲罰,GOOUT熄滅,HAVEONESARMCROSSED雙臂交叉抱在胸前,DESERVETO值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配”BEHARDON對(duì)某人苛刻,NOWTHAT既然,INTHEFORMOF以的形式,THANEVERBEFORE比以前任何時(shí)候都,BEANGRYAT對(duì)某事生氣,EVENIF即使,TREATSBLIKE象一樣對(duì)待,ARGUEABOUT為而爭(zhēng)吵,THECAUSEOF起因,DIFFERINMANYWAYS在許多方面不同,FITBADLY非常不合身?！倦y點(diǎn)講解】1ERICRUNSINAFTERIT,FOLLOWEDBYABIGDOG,WALKINGVERYSLOWLY埃里克跟著球跑進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著一條大狗，狗走得很慢。這句話里有兩個(gè)不同層面上的狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“FOLLOWEDBYABIGDOG”是謂語(yǔ)“RUNSIN”的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“WALKINGVERYSLOWLY”描述的是大狗跟隨埃里克進(jìn)來(lái)的行走方式，是動(dòng)詞“FOLLOW”的狀語(yǔ)。伴隨狀語(yǔ)通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)承當(dāng)。當(dāng)伴隨動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)伴隨動(dòng)作由其他人或物發(fā)出時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。例如HERANAFTERTHETHIEF,SHOUTINGANGRILYSHESATNERVOUSLYINTHEGRANDSITTINGROOM,WATCHEDCLOSELYBYTHEBUTLERTHESOLDIERSSTOODSILENTLYALONGTHEPASS,RIFLESINHAND2YOUWERENTSUPPOSEDTOCOMEHOMEUNTILTOMORROW你們應(yīng)該明天才回家的。BESUPPOSEDTODOSTH被期望或要求去做,本應(yīng)該去做。例如YOUARESUPPOSEDTOHANDINYOURARTICLESTHISFRIDAYGIRLSARESUPPOSEDTOBEHAVEMOREQUIETLYINTHISCOUNTRY在肯定句中UNTIL必須和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，在否定句里它主要和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用也可以和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示直到某時(shí)某個(gè)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。UNTIL還可以用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。NOTUNTIL放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。例如HESLEPTUNTIL8OCLOCKHEDIDNTWAKEUPTILLE8OCLOCKITWASNOTUNTIL8O”CLOCKTHATHEWOKEUPNOTUNTIL8OCLOCKDIDHEWAKEUPIWONTBEFREETILLFRIDAY3THEMONEYWITHWHICHYOUWERETOBUYDOGFOODISGONE,BUTSPOTLOOKSSOHUNGRY本該用來(lái)買(mǎi)狗食的錢(qián)不見(jiàn)了，但斑點(diǎn)狗看起來(lái)餓得厲害。“WITHWHICHYOUWERETOBUYDOGFOOD”是定語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞常放在關(guān)系代詞之前。例如THEVILLAGEWEUSEDTOLIVEINTHEVILLAGEINWHICHWEUSEDTOLIVE主語(yǔ)BE動(dòng)詞不定式表示“按計(jì)劃將要做”，例如WEARETOHOLDUPTHEENEMYWHILEOURTROUPSRETREATTHEPRESIDENTIALCANDIDATEISTOMAKEASPEECHINOURTOWNONHISWAYTOWASHINGTON4WETHOUGHTYOUWEREANADULT,APERSONFROMWHOMWECOULDEXPECTGOODDECISIONS我們?cè)詾槟闶莻€(gè)成年人，一個(gè)我們可以指望他做出正確決定的人。劃線部分是“ANADULT”的同位語(yǔ)，它和“ANADULT”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是對(duì)“ANADULT”含義進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明。這個(gè)同位于本身又帶有定語(yǔ)從句FROMWHOMWECOULDEXPECTGOODDECISIONS。EXPECTSTHFROMSB期望從某人那里得到或看到某事，例如YOUCANNEVEREXPECTGENEROSITYFROMAMISER5THISISNOTAFAMILYWHEREBADBEHAVIORGOESUNPUNISHED我們家不是一個(gè)放縱不良行為的家庭。根據(jù)上文，THIS是指OURFAMILY。動(dòng)詞GO后面可以跟形容詞，表示“變得”，例如GOBAD（變質(zhì)）,GODRY（變干）,GOMAD（發(fā)瘋）,GOINTERNATIONAL（國(guó)際化）。GO和一些含否定意義的形容詞連用，則表示“不受的,未被的”,如GOUNCHALLENGED,GOUNNOTICEDHISTHEORYHASGONEUNCHALLENGEDINTHEWORLDFORHALFACENTURYITSSTRANGETHATSUCHAMISTAKECANGOUNNOTICEDINTHETEXTBOOK6IFTHEYKNEWTHATSPOTWASILLANDWEUSEDTHEMONEYTOTAKEHIMTOTHEVET假如他們知道SPOT得了病,而我們用那筆錢(qián)帶他去看獸醫(yī)的話這句話用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,省略的部分是THEYWOULDUNDERSTANDWHYTHEMONEYISGONEANDTHEHOUSEISAMESS當(dāng)說(shuō)話人只表示一種假設(shè)的情況、一種主觀愿望，即認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非真實(shí)時(shí)，使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，條件從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如IFIWEREYOU,ISHOULDWAITTILLNEXTWEEKISHESAWYOUNOW,SHEWOULDNTRECOGNIZEYOU7NONEOFUSSTOPPEDTOTHINKANDWESHOULDHAVE我們本應(yīng)當(dāng)停下來(lái)想想，而我們都沒(méi)有那么做。STOPTODO表示停下來(lái)去做另一件事，STOPDOING則表示停止正在做的事情。SHOULDHAVE也是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情。這里完整的句子應(yīng)該是WESHOULDHAVESTOPPEDTOTHINK,BUTNONEOFUSDID8CANYOUEXPLAINTOMENOWWHYTHEHOUSEWASAMESSANDWHATYOUDIDWITHTHECASHWELEFT你現(xiàn)在能向我解釋為什么家里亂成一團(tuán)，而你又把我們留下的錢(qián)拿去干什么了嗎BEINAMESS表示“亂成一團(tuán)”；DOWITH表示“處理、處置”常和WHAT連用，它和DEALWITH不同，DEALWITH表示“處理、應(yīng)付”WELEFT雖然只有兩個(gè)單詞，卻是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，它前面省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞THAT或WHICH?！菊Z(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句3一、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1“介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！敖樵~關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是IN,ON,ABOUT,FROM,FOR,WITH,TOAT,OF,WITHOUT等，關(guān)系代詞只可用WHOM或WHICH,不可用THAT。這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)從句通?？梢院蛶шP(guān)系副詞的定語(yǔ)從句互相轉(zhuǎn)換，例如THISISAFREECOUNTRYWHEREEVERYONEENJOYSFREEDOMOFSPEECHTHISISAFREECOUNTRYINWHICHEVERYONEENJOYSFREEDOMOFSPEECH2FROMWHERE為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如WESTOODATTHETOPOFTHEHILL,FROMWHEREWECANSEETHETOWN3像LISTENTO,LOOKAT,DEPENDON,PAYATTENTIONTO,TAKECAREOF等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如THISISTHEBOYWHOMSHEHASTAKENCAREOF二、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)能在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只有THAT,這時(shí)的THAT既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如WHENLAURAWASBORN,BETTIEDECIDEDHERDAUGHTERWOULDBETHESINGERTHATSHEALWAYSWANTEDTOBEMRLEESTILLTALKSLIKETHEMANTHATHEWASTENYEARSAGO三、關(guān)系代詞AS和WHICH作主語(yǔ)，都可以代表前面整個(gè)句子。但由AS引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以前置。例如HESAWTHEGIRL,AS/WHICHHEHOPEDHEWOULDASHEHOPEDHEWOULD,HESAWTHEGIRLAS還可用于THESAMEAS,SUCHAS,ASAS等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如SUCHOPINIONSASHEHOLDSSOUNDSTRANGETOORDINARYPEOPLEWEAREFACINGTHESAMEPROBLEMASWEDIDYEARSAGO【英語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ),也和其他語(yǔ)言一樣,有許多都是由身體各個(gè)部份的名稱組成的。例如TOFOLLOWYOURNOSE是指“一直走“。另外還有TOPLAYBYEAR，意思是看著辦。其他還有用HAND和FOOT這些字組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。這里我們要向大家介紹由腿，也就是LEG這個(gè)字組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)TOPULLONESLEG。TOPULLONESLEG初看起來(lái)好像和中文里的“拉后腿“的意思差不多。但是，千萬(wàn)不要被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。TOPULLONESLEG的真正意思是逗別人，開(kāi)別人玩笑的意思。有時(shí)候，有的朋友故意講一些話來(lái)騙我們，后來(lái)才發(fā)現(xiàn)他是在開(kāi)玩笑。例如，一個(gè)大學(xué)生上了同學(xué)的當(dāng)，事后他說(shuō)例句3“MYROOMMATESAIDTHISGIRLHADTOLDHIMSHEWOULDNTMINDGOINGOUTWITHMEBUTWHENIINVITEDHERTOAMOVIE,ILEARNEDHEWASJUSTPULLINGMYLEG“這個(gè)大學(xué)生說(shuō)“我的同房間同學(xué)說(shuō)，那個(gè)女孩愿意和我一起出去玩?？墒牵?dāng)我請(qǐng)她去看電影的時(shí)候，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我那同學(xué)是逗我，開(kāi)我的玩笑?！耙沁@個(gè)大學(xué)生聰明一點(diǎn)的話,他當(dāng)時(shí)就可以對(duì)他的同學(xué)說(shuō)例句4“HEY,STOPPULLINGMYLEG,WILLYOUIDONTBELIEVETHATGIRLREALLYSAIDSHELIKESMEANDWOULDLIKEMETOTAKEHEROUT“這句話的意思是“喂，你別逗我行不行我才不信那個(gè)女孩真的說(shuō)了她喜歡我，還要我邀她出去玩。“和LEG這個(gè)字有關(guān)的俗語(yǔ)里還有一個(gè)很有趣的說(shuō)法,那就是BREAKALEG從字面上來(lái)看，BREAKALEG難道是斷了一條腿或是倒霉不是，BREAKALEG的確切意思是祝愿別人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去參加高考，你就可以對(duì)他說(shuō)BREAKALEGHAVEGREENFINGERS很會(huì)種花種菜GREENTHUMB就是指那些很會(huì)種花種菜的人ALLTHUMBS手腳很笨的人JUMPINANDGETYOURFEETWET到實(shí)踐中去學(xué)AKETTLECALLTHEPOTBLACK五十步笑百步AWETBLANKET掃興的人或事【同步練習(xí)】一、根據(jù)上下文用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空WORDSANDTHEIRSTORIESBIRDSBYJILLMOSSTODAYWEWILL1_解釋SOMEEXPRESSIONSABOUTBIRDSFOREXAMPLE,IFSOMETHINGIS“FORTHEBIRDS“,ITIS2_無(wú)價(jià)值ORNOTVERYINTERESTINGSOMEONEWHOEATSLIKEABIRDEATSVERYLITTLEAND“ABIRDSEYEVIEW“ISA3_總體的LOOKATANAREAFROMABOVEDIDYOUKNOWTHATIFYOUTELLAYOUNGPERSONABOUT“THEBIRDSANDBEES“,YOUAREEXPLAININGABOUTSEXANDBIRTHHAVEYOUEVER4_觀察THAT“BIRDSOFAFEATHERFLOCKTOGETHER“INOTHERWORDS,PEOPLEWHOARESIMILARBECOMEFRIENDSORDOTHINGSTOGETHERTHEREISSOMEGOODADVICE“ABIRDINAHANDISWORTHTWOINABUSH“THISMEANSYOUSHOULDNOTRISK5_失去SOMETHINGYOUHAVEBYTRYINGTOGETMOREOFSOMETHINGYOUDONOTHAVESOMETIMES,ICANDOTWOTHINGSBYPERFORMINGONLYONE6_動(dòng)作THISISCALLED“KILLINGTWOBIRDSWITHONESTONE“BUTIWOULDNEVERREALLYKILLANYBIRDSILOVEALLKINDSANIMALSTHISIS“AREALFEATHERINMYCAP“ITISSOMETHINGTOBE7_驕傲OFMOSTOFTHEPEOPLEIWORKWITHARE“EARLYBIRDS“THEYBELIEVETHAT“THEEARLYBIRDCATCHESTHEWORM“THEYTHINKTHATAPERSON8_GETSUPEARLYINTHEMORNINGFORWORKHASTHEBESTCHANCEOF9_成功EVERYONEINMYOFFICEWORKSHARDBUTSOMEPEOPLEHAVE“HADTHEIRWINGSCLIPPED“THEIRJOBSHAVEBEENLIMITEDTHISISBECAUSETHEOFFICEISORGANIZEDBYPACKINGORDERPEOPLEWITHMOREYEARSAND10_經(jīng)驗(yàn)AREGIVENMORE11_責(zé)任SOMEBIRDSEXPRESSIONSAREABOUTCROWS,CHICKENSANDDUCKSFOREXAMPLE,WHENIAMDRIVINGIALWAYSTRAVEL“ASTHECROWFLIES“IGOTHEMOST（12）_直接WAYANYONEWHO“EATSCROW“HASTOADMITAMISTAKEORDEFEATNOWLETSTALKABOUTMYSISTERSHEISNOTVERYYOUNGSHEIS“NOSPRINGOFCHICKEN“SHEWILLWORKANYJOBFOR“CHICKENFEED“,ASMALL13_（數(shù)量）OFMONEYSHEISEASILYFRIGHTENEDFOREXAMPLE,SHEISTOO“CHICKENLIVERED“TOWALKDOWNADARKSTREETALONEATNIGHTOFTENSHEWILL“CHICKENOUT“SHEWILLNOTGOOUTALONEATNIGHTMYSISTERWAS“ANUGLYDUCKLING“SHELOOKEDSTRANGEWHENSHEWASACHILDBUTSHEGREWUPTOBEABEAUTIFULWOMANSOMETIMESSHETHINKSTOOMUCHABOUTHAVINGSOMETHINGINTHEFUTUREBEFORESHEREALLYHASITSHE“COUNTSHERCHICKENSBEFORETHEYAREHATCHED“SOMETIMES“HERCHICKENSCOMEHOMETOROOST“THATMEANSHERACTIONSORWORDSCAUSETROUBLEFORHERHOWEVERMYSISTERDOESNOTWORRYABOUTWHATPEOPLESAYABOUTHER14_（批評(píng)）FALLSOFFHERLIKEWATEROFFADUCKSBACKPOLITICIANSARESOMETIMESCONSIDERED“LAMEDUCKS“AFTERLOSINGANELECTIONTHEYHAVELITTLETIMELEFTINOFFICEANDNOMUCHPOWERCONGRESSHOLDSA“LAMEDUCK“SESSIONAFTERAN15_選舉IMPORTANTLAWSARENOTPASSEDDURINGTHISPERIOD二從上文中找出下列說(shuō)法對(duì)應(yīng)的英文1一文不值2鳥(niǎo)瞰3物以類(lèi)聚4一矢二鳥(niǎo)5兩鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手6早起的鳥(niǎo)兒有蟲(chóng)吃7得意之物8束縛手腳9論資排隊(duì)10膽小如鼠11招災(zāi)惹禍12對(duì)別人的批評(píng)充耳不聞13吃蒼蠅14蠅頭小利15過(guò)早樂(lè)觀三、選擇正確的答案完成下面一段對(duì)話AWHOISITBDADACOMEONIN,DADB1_IBROUGHTYOUASANDWICHAIAMHUNGRYTHANKS,DADWHATTIMEIST,ANYWAYBTENOCLOCKWHATAREYOUWORKINGONA2_BANDWHATDOYOUFEELAME3_BIFELTTHESAMEWAYA4_BOH,5_WELL,DONTWORKALLNIGHTAIDONTMIND,IENJOYWRITINGBWELL,MAYBEYOUSHOULDTHINKABOUTBECOMINGAWRITERAMYBEISHOULDBYOUHAVELOTSOFTIMETODECIDEA6_BYOUWILLBEOKGOODNIGHT,SONAGOODNIGHT,DADAITHOUGHTYOUMIGHTBEHUNGERBTHATSTHEWORSTPARTMAKINGDECISIONSCALITTLESCAREDANDEXCITED,TOODTHESCARYPARTISLEAVINGHOMEANDGOINGTOCOLLEGEEIMWRITINGANARTICLEONTHEFEELINGSABOUTGRADUATIONFLEAVINGHOMEISPARTOFGROWINGUP參考答案一、1EXPLAIN2WORTHLESS3GENERAL4OBSERVED5LOSING6ACTION7PROUD8WHO9SUCCESS10EXPERIENCE11RESPONSIBILITY12DIRECT13AMOUNT14CRITICISM15ELECTION二、1FORTHEBIRDS2ABIRDSEYEVIEW3BIRDSOFAFEATHERFLOCKTOGETHER4KILLTWOBIRDSWITHONESTONE5ABIRDINAHANDISWORTHTWOINABUSH6THEEARLYBIRDCATCHESTHEWORM7AREALFEATHERINMYCAP8HADTHEIRWINGSCLIPPED9PACKINGORDER10CHICKENLIVERED11THECHICKENCOMESHOMETOROOST12CRITICISMFALLSOFFHERLIKEWATEROFFADUCKSBACK13EATTHECROW14CHICKENFEED15COUNTONESCHICKENSBEFORETHEYAREHATCHED三、AECDFB牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第四講）【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一UNIT2（下）二、教學(xué)要求1了解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)的作用。2學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)感謝和建議信。3學(xué)習(xí)編寫(xiě)、表演對(duì)話。4語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句（復(fù)習(xí)）【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】一、重要單詞UPSET,SINCERELY,INSIST,CHAT,VALUABLE,PERIOD,ARGUMENT,FREEDOM,RELATIONSHIP,SUGGEST,SPARE,UNLOVING,FORBID,TONE,FRUSTRATED,EXPRESS,VOLUME,STRESS,PAUSE,EXACT,EMOTIONAL,MOOD,GIST,MERELY,REGULAR,SOLVE,COLUMN,COLUMNIST,RESOURCE,PROOFREAD,VERSION,NERVOUS二、重點(diǎn)詞組RISING/FALLINGTONE升調(diào)、降調(diào),TALKSHOW談話節(jié)目,MAINPOINT要點(diǎn),SUPPORTINGINFORMATION輔助性信息,ADIARYENTRY一篇日記,BEPROUDOF為感到驕傲,STAYUPLATE熬夜,MIXUP混淆,AFTERALL畢竟,TAKEONESADVICE接受建議,MISSDOINGSTH懷念以前做的某事,KEEPINMIND記住,GETITTIDIEDUP把它整理好,CLEANUP打掃干凈,MAKEADIFFERENCE要緊,PROVIDESBWITHSTH/PROVIDESTHFORSB為某人提供,PROVIDEDTHAT假如,TOONESSURPRIS