最全卻最簡(jiǎn)潔最重點(diǎn)的英美文學(xué)考試重點(diǎn)匯編

1、 學(xué)習(xí)-好資料一、the anglo-saxon period (449-1066)1、這個(gè)時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品分類：pagan(異教徒) christian(基督徒)2、代表作:the song of beowulf (national epic 民族史詩(shī))metaphor alliteration。3、angles, saxons and jutes.二、the anglo-norman period (1066-1350)1、the roman conquest: in 1066, the duke of normandy william led the normanarmy to invad

2、e england. the result of this war was william became the king ofengland. after the conquest, feudal system was established in english society.chivalry was introduced by the normans into england. sir gawain and the greenknight 頭韻2、傳奇 ramances：描寫騎士的冒險(xiǎn)精神和典雅愛情文學(xué)。seek adventures , fightingfor his lord in

3、 battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、geoffrey chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教會(huì)、追求個(gè)性自由）1、the father of english poetry 英國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父2、purely english(the london dialect 倫敦方言)3、heroic couplet 英雄雙韻體4、writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：the canterbury tales (英國(guó)文學(xué)史的開端)內(nèi)容：the pilgrim

4、s are people from various parts of england, representatives ofvarious walks of life and social groups.特點(diǎn)：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his ownviews and character. the story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incid

5、ent.觀點(diǎn)：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. he is anxious to see manfreed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: the knights tale the pardoners tale the merchants talethe wife of bath四、the renaissance (16 世紀(jì))1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations

6、 and the establishingthe foundations of capitalism. new monarchy. it is a revival of classical arts andsciences.2、主要文學(xué)成就：poetry: wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into english literature.sidney spenser: the poets poet.drama: marlowe: blank verse(無韻詩(shī)) the principal vehicle of expression in drama.

7、.william shakespeare(1564-1616)novels:john lyly thomas loge thomas nasheessays /prose: francis bacon(1561-1626)、thomas more(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsfirst period (1590-1600):comdies: 皆大歡喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之夢(mèng); 威尼斯商人second period(16011608):tragedies哈姆萊特; 奧賽羅

8、;李爾王; 麥克白更多精品文檔 學(xué)習(xí)-好資料third period(16091612)historieslyric poem:three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggsonnet 18:theme：the poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry willbring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.sonnet 29:theme：the poet complains of his own miser

9、ies and dissatisfaction in life and thenbecomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. here shakespeare issupposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.the character of hamlet:hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.starti

10、ng from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the sameeagerness.his intellectual genius is outstanding.hamlets melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. it israther the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、the period of revolution and restoration (

11、17c)1、文學(xué)特點(diǎn) concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan.光榮革命意義 the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern england,finaltriumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：john donne “metaphysical poets 玄學(xué)a. metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, inge

12、niousstructure and strange images or “conceits 奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes acomparison between two different things.b. a valediction: forbidding mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically andspirituallyjohn miltonthe indomitable puritan sprit finds its noblest expr

13、ession in him.詩(shī)歌：paradise lost 失樂園 freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy paradiseregained 復(fù)樂園戲?。簊amson agonistes 力士參孫shorter poems: lallegro il penseroso ;lycidas comusprincipal pamphlets: areopagitica : attacks the censorship of the press and appealsfor the freedom of the presseikonoklaste: justifie

14、s the execution of charles idefense for the english people: a defense of the commonwealth and revolutionsonnet: on his deceased wife(唯一的愛情詩(shī)) on his blindnessjohn bunyan(1628-1688)班揚(yáng):the pilgrims progressjohn dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、the age of enlightenment (18 世紀(jì))1、文學(xué)特點(diǎn)：the main li

15、terary stream of the 18th century was realism. the 18thcentury was an age of prose. novel writing made a big advance in this century. in this更多精品文檔 學(xué)習(xí)-好資料stage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order

16、,balance and harmony.4、文學(xué)名人及作品：classicism/neoclassicism richard steele：the spectator addison popejohnsonpre-romanticismsong of innocence. london the tiger the chimney、william blake:、sweeper均節(jié)選自 song of experience的素描 the book of thel 塞爾書the marriage of heaven and hell經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 poetical sketches 詩(shī)robert bu

17、rns(1759-1796):用蘇格蘭方言書寫, ,著有 poems chiefly inscottish dialect蘇格蘭方言詩(shī)集 my hearts in thehighlands n modern novela. realistic noveldaniel defoe、henry fielding、jonathan swiftb. sentimentalismlaurence sterne: sentimental journey tristram shandythomas gray :elegy, written in a country churchyard 墓園挽歌5、dani

18、el defoe英國(guó)小說之父robinson crusoe全名:the life and strange surprising adventures of robinson crusoethe writers of the enlightenment attached great importance to the molding ofcharacter and to education through the influence of varied environment.the character of robinson crusoe is representative of the en

19、glish bourgeoisie at theearlier stages of its development. he is most practical and exact, always religious andat the same time mindful of his own profit.captain singleton colonel jack moll flandersa journal of theplague year roxana6、henry fielding: comic epic 喜劇史詩(shī)the history of tom jones, a foundli

20、ng主要人物：tom jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingsophia western: brave and admirableblifil: sly, perfidiousjoseph andrews7、jonathan swift（irony 反諷)a tale of a tub 桶 the battle of the books 書之戰(zhàn) the drapiers lettergullivers travels格列佛the journal of a voyage to lisbon amelia信 a modest proposal 建議四

21、部分 a voyage to lilliput/ brobdingnag/ laputa/ houyhnhnms七 、 1.the romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication ofwordsworths lyrical ballads,ending with walter scotts death.2.theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exotic更多精品文檔 學(xué)習(xí)-好資料picture,strong-w

22、illed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.andsymbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:it was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and thefrench revolution.5.romantuc writersthe first generation romantic

23、writersburns blake-pre-romantiswordsworthcoleridge-negtivethe second generation romantic writersbyron shelley and keats-active romanticshistorical novelist-walter scott6.wordswortha.style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureb.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. 抒

24、情歌謠集(with samuel taylor coleridge) / daffodils/ the daffodilstheme: 1. nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance.it is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. it is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mindwhile he is in solitude.comment: the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights.in the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a viv