2022年英語(yǔ)試題練習(xí)題教案學(xué)案課件牛津高一英語(yǔ)M4U3

1、牛津高一英語(yǔ)m4u3 tomorrows world 學(xué)案grammar and usage( 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ) 第一部分：重點(diǎn)講解語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)，作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，是表示主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞行式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (passive voice)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者即施動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者即受動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)態(tài)。例如：(1) john helped peter. (2) peter was helped by john. 句(1) helped是主動(dòng)態(tài)；句 (2)was helped是被動(dòng)態(tài) ,可見(jiàn)主

2、動(dòng)態(tài)是無(wú)標(biāo)記的，而被動(dòng)態(tài)是有標(biāo)記的。構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be 的時(shí)態(tài)之一和及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，其時(shí)態(tài)變化通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be 的不同形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為助動(dòng)詞am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為 was/were + 過(guò)去分詞。本冊(cè)要掌握的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞e.g. football is played all over the world. im often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做這項(xiàng)工作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was/were + 過(guò)去分詞e.g

3、. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi an. they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city. when was the building completed? 這座大樓什么時(shí)候建成的？一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will (shall) + be +過(guò)去分詞be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - -

4、- - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -they are going to be given a difficult test. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： should(would) be+ 過(guò)去分詞e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon. he told me that the film would be shown the next week. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am/is/are + being + 過(guò)去分詞e.g. the new airport is being built by a f

5、oreign company. 一家外國(guó)公司正在承建這座新機(jī)場(chǎng)。the song is being sung by the girls now. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was/were being+ 過(guò)去分詞e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there. the student was being criticized when i went into the teacher s office. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)： will have been+ 過(guò)去分詞e.g. by the end of next term 2000 english

6、 words will have been learned. the building will have been built by next year. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： has/have + bee n + 過(guò)去分詞e.g. all the tickets have been sold . the book has been translated into many languages. 這本書已被譯成多種語(yǔ)言。過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had been+過(guò)去分詞e.g. forty schools had been visited by last year. all the tickets had b

7、een sold out when i got to the cinema. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)： would have been+ 過(guò)去分詞e.g. he said many words would have been learned by 2001. they promised that ten books would have been published by the next month. e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon. they are going to be given a difficult test. 第二部分：被動(dòng)

8、語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：一 it+be+ 動(dòng) 詞 的 過(guò) 去 分 詞 +that 從 句 。 常 用 于 這 一 結(jié) 構(gòu) 的 動(dòng) 詞 有 ：say,report,expect,prove,suppose 等，該結(jié)構(gòu)通?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 “be+過(guò)去分詞 +不定式” 。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -例如： 1）it is reported that they are sailing in the pacific.-they are reportedto be sailing in the pacific

9、. 2)it is said that mr.bell invented the first telephone.-mr.bell is said to have invented the first telephone. 當(dāng)不定式 to 后的動(dòng)作早于不定式to 前的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，不定式 to 后的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的完成。又如：the old bridge is said to have been built in the early 1930s. 二） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ can,could,may,might,must,should,ne

10、ed 等）+ be+過(guò)去分詞 . 完成式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ can,could,may,might,must,should,need 等）+ have+ been+ 過(guò)去分詞。例如： 1）you needn t mention his plan in your speech.- his plan needn t be mentioned in your speech. 2）you might have completed your task ahead of time.-your task might have been completed ahead of time. 三被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況：1.

11、含有動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，不要漏掉其后的介詞或副詞。例如：1）we must take good care of the children.- the children must be taken good care of. 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常在不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)才用。助動(dòng)詞 be有時(shí)可被系動(dòng)詞get替換，即“get+過(guò)去分詞”，也可表示被動(dòng)概念。例如：1）you are wanted on the phone. 3. 固定結(jié)構(gòu) be going to,used to,have to,had better 等在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)， 只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即可。例

12、如：the little boy used to send newspapers here.-newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy. 4.“賓語(yǔ) +補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”又叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只講賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位置保持不動(dòng)，但是其變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了。例如; someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet.-the boy was caught smoking a cigarette in the toilet. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - -

13、- - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -5 在使役動(dòng)詞 have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe 等后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號(hào)to 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to.例如：someone saw a stranger walk into the building.- a stranger was seen to walk into the building. 6 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義的詞（！ ）感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞如：look smell feel pr

14、ove wear sound taste the cloth feels very soft , i like it very much (2)某些行為動(dòng)詞也可表示被動(dòng)意義。常見(jiàn)的有：wash write sell read open shut keep 。例如：1.that kind of dress washes well. 2.this type of computer sells well among teenagers. 3.the novel reads well.it is suitable for children. (3) want, need ,require,take,w

15、orth等詞的后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：1.she bought me a book,which is woeth reading. 2.all the windows in the meeting room need washing. (4).某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：1.she told me that the fish was not fit to eat. 2.he is the one who is hard to please. 7.不 及 物 動(dòng) 詞 或 其 構(gòu) 成 的 一 些 短 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 不 能 用 于 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài)

16、。 例 如 ：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belong to,take place,set sail for,consist of 等都屬于此類動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)。例如：1.six members consist of the committee. 2.you shouldn t take what doesn t belong to you. 3.i happened to see my professor in the supermarket yesterday. 8.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，這類動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)

17、語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail 等。例如：1.the flat cost him around one million rmb. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -2.this book contains all the phrases you have learnt. 第三部分：語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1._ a new library _ in our school last year? a. is; buil

18、t b. was; built c. does; build d. did; build 2.an accident _ on this road last week. a. has been happened b. was happened c. is happened d. happened 3.cotton _ in the southeast of china. a. is grown b. are grown c. grows d. grow 4.so far, the moon _ by man already. a. is visited b. will be visited c

19、. has been visited d. was visited 5.a talk on chinese history _ in the school hall next week. a. is given b. has been given c. will be given d. gives 6.a lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. a. are doing b. are being done c. has been done d. will be done 7.the doctor _ for yet. a.

20、isnt sent b. hasnt been sent c. wont be sent d. wasnt sent 8.-when _ this kind of computers_? -last year. a. did; use b. was; used c. is; used d. are; used 9.who _ this book _? a. did; written b. was; written by c. did; written d. was; written 10.mary _ show me her new dictionary. a. has asked to b.

21、 was asked to c. is asked d. asks to 11.a story _ by granny yesterday. a. was told us b. was told to us c. is told us d. told us 12.the monkey was seen _ off the tree. a. jump b. jumps c. jumped d. to jump 13.older people _ well. a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked af

22、ter 14.our teacher _ carefully. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -a. should be listened to b. should be listen c. be listened d. is listened 15. in some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served 16. it was repo

23、rted that the murderer _ arrested. a. has been b. had been c. has d. had 17. do you think that the bridge _ in a year? a. would be completed b. will be completed c. had been completed d. is being completed 18. great changes _ in china since the peoples republic of china _ in 1949.a. have taken place

24、; was founded b. has taken place; was founded c. have been taken place; founded d. took place; founded 19.why does ling ling look so unhappy? she has _ by her classmates. a. laughed b. laughed at c. been laughed d. been laughed at 20. doctors _ in every part of the world. a. need b. are needing c. a

25、re needed d. will need 21. i promise that matter will _. a. be taken care b. be taken care of c. take care d. take care of 22. no permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. a. been given b. given c. to give d. be given 23. i _ ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. a. gave

26、 b. was given c. was giving d. had given 24. can such a thing _ happening again? a. prevent from b. prevented from c. be prevented from d. to prevent from 25. a new house _ at the corner of the road. a. is building b. is being built c. been built d. be building 26. this bike _ last year. a. bought b

27、. has been bought c. was bought d. had been bought 27. did you see the house that _ by fire last year? 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -a. was destroying b. destroyed c. would destroy d. was destroyed 28. it _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. a.

28、hasn t been decidedb. isnt decidingc. doesn t decide d. hasn t decided29. the pen _ me. it is hers. a. isnt belong to b. wasn t belong to c. doesn t belong to d. didn t belong to 30. i can t use my bike because it _.a. is repairing b. is being repaired c. will repair d. was repairing 31. the chairma

29、n told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. a. was expected; heard b. had expected; hear c had hoped; hear d. was hoped; heard 32 the window is dirty. i know. it _ for weeks. （2004全國(guó) 03）a. hasn t cleaned b. didnt clean c. wasn t cleaned d. hasn t been cleaned33. b

30、y the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in beijing. a. would be completed b. was being completed c. has been completed d. had been completed 34.how long _ at this job? since 1990. (nmet 2003 北京春季 , 27) a. were you employed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be emp

31、loyed 35.what happened to the priceless works of art? _. (nmet 2003 北京春季 , 34) a. they were destroyed in the earthquake b. the earthquake was destroying them c. they destroyed in the earthquake d. the earthquake destroyed them 36. this is teds photo. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in

32、 the earthquake. a. killed b is killed c. was killed d. was killing 37. rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁(yè)，共 9 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -earth in the near future. (2002 上海春季 , 30) a. cut b. are cut c. are being cut d. h

33、ad been cut 38. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 39. hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (nmet 2001 北京春季 , 12) a. lose b. will be lost c. are lost d. will lose 40. a new cinema _ here. they hope to finish it next month. a. will be built b. is built c. has been built d .is being built 41.with the help of high technology,more and more new substanc