小學英語知識點歸納

1、小學英語知識點歸納1、話題(1)字母：(大小)辨認、書寫順序：Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh li Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.元音字母：A a , Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu半元音字母：Yy書寫容易錯誤的字母：E , F , G, M, N, d, i, p, q, x, y.(2)數(shù)字：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的運用，如計算、購物等 基數(shù)詞：One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirte en, four

2、teen, fifteen twenty, twenty-one thirty, forty, fifty eighty, ninety, one/a h undred , one/a hundred and one two hundred.序數(shù)詞：first , second , third , fourth , fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-four thi rtieth,

3、fortieth, fiftieth eightieth, ninetieth 相關(guān)句型：1) What's thirty and forty? That comes to seventy.2) What's your telephone number? My telephone number is 83555723.3) What time is it ? It's half past ten.4) When do you usually get up ? At six thirty-five.5) Where do you live? I live at No.48

4、 Renmin Road.6) How old are you? I'm twelve.7) How much does it cost? It costs 50 yuan.8) How many cars have you got? I have got 6 cars.9) How many birds can you see in the tree? I can see 3.10) How many dolls are there on the bed? There is one/a doll.11) How many dolls are there on the bed? The

5、re are four dolls.12) Which floor do you live on? I live on the fifth floor.13) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel?Yes, go down this street, then turn left at the third crossing .14) Who's the fifth girl from the right? She's my cousin.注意： 數(shù)詞的應用；不可數(shù)名詞及它的量的表示方法 ;many與much在用法上的

6、區(qū)別； there is/are與have/has在用法上的區(qū)別.(3)顏色：實物的顏色colours: red, pink, yellow, brown, blue, purple, orange, black, white, grey, dark blue, light blue.相關(guān)句型:1) What colour is your coat? It's .15) What's your favourite colour? My favourite colour is (4)時間：年、季節(jié)、月、星期、日、時刻year, season( spring, summer, au

7、tumn, winter),month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, O ctober, November, December.Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.Day: 1st May (the first of May), May 2nd ( May the second)Time:(an)hour, minute,second10:05(fiveminutespastten,

8、tenofive)10:10(tenminutespastten, tenten)10:15(quarter pastten,ten fifteen)10:30 (half past ten, ten thirty)10:45 (quarter to eleven, ten forty-five)11:00 (eleven o'clock)相關(guān)句型：1) How old is your mother? She's thirty-six years old.16) Howmany months arethere ina year? Thereare12.17) When'

9、s your birthday?My birthday ison 15thJanuary(thefifteenth of January).18) Whendo you get up?I get upat sixo'clock.19) Whendoes spring last? It lastsfor 3months fromMarchtoMay.20) What time is it? It's quarter to nine.(5)食品與飲料：人對食品與飲料的喜好；東西方食品food : meat, rice, fish, bread, egg, cake,drinks :

10、 water, milk ,orange/apple/water melon/banana/strawberry juice ,coke, co ffee, black/green tea 相關(guān)句型：1) Would you like something to drink/eat? Yes, I'd like some No, thanks .2) Would you like to eat/drink? I'd like to eat/drink No, thanks .3) What's your favourite food/drink? My favourite

11、 food/drink is 4) Could I have some ? Yes, please .(6)服裝：服裝的顏色：人對服裝的喜好；某人的穿戴；所屬關(guān)系clothes: hat, cap, coat, shirt , T-shirt, skirt, dress, sweater, jacket, trousers, soc k, shoeput on, wear所屬關(guān)系：形容詞性的物主代詞:my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性的物主代詞：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs相關(guān)句型：1) What

12、does it look like? It likes wearing a blue shirt.5) Whose shoes are these? They 're mine.They're Tom's .6) Is this /that/it your book? Yes, it is.No, it isn't.7) Is this pencil yours? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.8) Are these /those/they your coats and trousers?Yes, they are. No, the

13、y aren't.9) Are those clothes theirs? Yes, they are.No, they aren't.10) This is my hat. That hat is his.注意：名詞單，復數(shù);物主代詞(名詞性的物主代詞，形容詞性的物主代詞);名詞所有格， 如：Tom's , my father's , the teachers '.(7)玩具和文具：特點、顏色、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置Toys: doll, toy 文具：desk, book, bag ,pen, pencil, pencil-box, ruler, ch

14、air, ball存在的位置：in, on, under, beside, behind, in front of, in the front of , in themiddle of, at the back of- - (a place/a person).相關(guān)句型：1) There is a cup of tea on the table.2) There are some oranges in the fridge.3) Is there any milk in the glass? Yes, there is.No, there isn't.4) Are there any

15、oranges in the fridges?Yes, there are. No, there aren't.5) What's under the desk?There is an orange. / There are some oranges.(8)日常生活用品：特點、顏色、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置words: shelf, table, clock, brush, telephone, light, computer, bike, fridge, glass, knife, keyboard, bottle, box, plate, photo, photograph,

16、fax, radio, super-market,book store,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TV shop.特1點：big, small, heavy, light, white, black, empty, full, old, new, beautiful, cute, tall, short, strong, plump, nice, good, bad (9)動物：家畜、家禽；農(nóng)場動物、動物園及野生動物的特點；生活地點和所屬關(guān)系words(animals): cat, dog, duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep, bird,

17、 panda, monke y, rabbit, hen , cock, chicken, tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice),giraffe,dolphin,生活地點： at home, in a farm, in a zoo 所屬關(guān)系：同上話題(7)(10)植物：特點、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置words: tree, rose, flower, leaf(leaves) (11)環(huán)境與建筑：特點、所屬關(guān)系 ；存在的位置buildings: factory, hospital, park, house, library, museum, office, fa

18、rm, post offic e, bank, police station, train station, sports stadium, department store, store, school, classroom, house: bathroom, living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, washroom,kitchen, garden 房子的基本構(gòu)造： door, gate, wall, window, floor 相關(guān)句型：1) Where do you study at ? I study at Longdong Primary School

19、.2) Where does your mother work at ? She works at a hospital.3) Let's meet at the gate of the park.4) My brother is playing in the garden.(12)身體：特點body: head, hair, eye, nose, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand, finger, foot (fee t) ,toe 夕卜貌：fat, thin, plump , tall, short, old, young, round face,

20、two big blue eyes, lo ng hair, short hair, black hair ,white hair相關(guān)句型:1) I'm /You're /He's/She's /We're /They're (not) tall.5) Is he/she tall or short? He's /She's tall (short).6) I/We/They/You have (got) black hair.7) He/She has ( got ) a round face.8) Has he/she got

21、 long hair ? Yes, he/she has.No, he/she hasn't.注意：描述人的外貌時， have與has用法上的區(qū)別；形容詞的用法，如 :tall, short, o ld, young, black , long (13)個人情況：姓名、年齡、地址、特點與愛好age, year, address, e-mail address, hobby,hobby: collecting stamps(coins) , going swimming doing sth相關(guān)句型：1) How old are you ? I'm thirteen years o

22、ld.2) I m a thirteen-year old boy.3) What's your address? I live at No.48 Renmin road.4) What's your e-mail address? My e-mail address is 123VIP.5) What's your hobby? My hobby is going running.Or : I like going running.6) I /You/ They like music.7) He likes sightseeing.8) Do you like rea

23、ding? Yes, I do. No, I don't.9) Does he /she like playing basketball?Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn't.注意：描述個人的喜好時：名詞和動詞-ing形式作賓語；主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時一般 現(xiàn)在時動詞的變化。動詞 ing 的變化規(guī)律：1)直接力口 ing ,如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, 2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的 e ,如：take-taking, close-

24、closing, come-coming, drive-drivin g, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, 3)重讀閉音節(jié)的，雙寫最后的字母，力口 ing ,如：sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, 主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)律相同)：1)直接加 s, 如：cook-cooks, co

25、me-comes, close-closes,2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾 +es ,如：teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catche s, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, 3)輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾,把 y 改為 i , +es , 如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries,4)以f或fe結(jié)尾，把f或fe,改為v+es.5)特殊：have-has,(14)家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點與愛好：與你的關(guān)系words: family,

26、grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mu m), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相關(guān)句型：1) Is he/she Tom's cousin? Yes, he/she is.No, he/she isn t.2） Who's he/she? He's/She's my friend.3） How many people are there in your family? Who are they?

27、There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意：1）名詞單復數(shù)，如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)一復數(shù)規(guī)律：1）直接加s, 如：boy-boys, term-terms,2）以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾+es ,如：box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coac h-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3）輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾，把 y 改為 i , +es , 如：bab

28、y-babies, lady-ladies, factory-fa ctories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4） 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾，把 f 或 fe , 改為 v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shel f-shelves,5）特殊：man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-g eese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6）不變：hair, milk, t

29、ea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fis h, sheep,2）名詞所有格，表明是 誰的"如： my cousin 's , his parents '它的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：單數(shù)名詞后+ "'s'；Mike's mother.復數(shù)名詞詞尾有，其后只 + Teachers ' Da教師節(jié).若是兩人共有時，只在后者+ “s ”，Jim and Tom's mother.吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的，兩者都 + “'s ”，Jim&#

30、39;s and Tom's mother.吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞若是無生命，所有格構(gòu)成用of,a map of China. 一幅中國地圖（15）學校：學校建筑和學校生活words: school building, classroom, dormitory, playground, library subjects: Chinese, maths , English, music, computer, PE, art, biology, politics , history, meeting, geography相關(guān)句型:1) What's your favourite

31、 subject? English.2) Where 's the library? It's behind the dormitory.3) When do you go to school? At 7:20.4) When does Chinese begin on Monday? At Eight o 'clock.5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on Monday?Yes, it does. No, it doesn 't.6) We 're having an English class.(16

32、)社交禮儀：禮貌用語；詢問與應答1. Greetings: Hello! Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening.How are you ? Fine, thanks. And you?Please say hello to your parents for me.2. Introduction: My name is I'm a pupil. I'm new here.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss White.Hello, nice to meet you .3. Farewells: Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye.See y

33、ou then/tomorrow.Good night.It's late. I must go home now.Thanking for coming.4. Thanks: Thank you (very much).You 're welcome.Not at all.5. apologies: Sorry. I'm sorry. That's all right. Excuse me.6. Incitation: Will you go shopping with me?Would you like to go ?I'd love to . Th

34、ank you.7. Asking for permission: May I have an apple ?Could /Can I use your bike?Sure. Certainly. Yes, of course. Yes, do please.8. Expressing wishes: Happy birthday! Thank you.aftern9. Offering help: Can I help you? What can I do for you?10. Making appointments: Are you free tomorrow? What about t

35、omorrow oon?Let's meet at the gate at 7:50.Shall we visit the museum?11. Hello! May I speak to Kate? Speaking/It 's Kate here.Who's this/that, please ?12. Taking meals: Would you like something to eat/drink?Would you like some fish/meat?13. Shopping : Can I help you ,sir?What can I do fo

36、r you, sir ?What about this one?Do you like this one?I want /I'd like some oranges.How much is the shirt /are the socks?It's to small. Two kilos, please .Ill take it.14. Asking the way: Excuse me. Where is the GuangzhouLibrary?Can you tell you me the way to the Garden Hotel, please?Can I tak

37、e this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?It's over there. Turn right/legt(17)國家與城市：地理位置；特點Countries: China, Japan, America (the USA), English( the UK), Australia, Russia, Canada, Italy, India, France,Nationalities: Chinese, Japanese, American, Englishman, Australian, Russian, C anad

38、ian, Italian, Indian, French,相關(guān)句型：1) Where 's Japan? It's to the east of China.2) Where does your friend come from? She comes from English.3) Where are they from? They 're from Russia.4) What country do you from? I come from China.5) What country is he from? He's from France.6) What

39、language does she speak? She speaks French.7) What language do they speak? They speak Chinese.(18)天氣：氣候特征weather : hot, cold, cool, warm, sun, shine, sunny, rain ,heavy rain, light rain, rainy, wind, strong wind, windy, snow , heavy snow, light snow snowy, cloud, cloud y-temperature: 15 ( fifteen de

40、grees centigrade), 0 (zero degree centigrade),-5 (minus degrees centigrade)相關(guān)句型：1) What's the weather like in spring? It's warm, rainy and wet.8) What will the weather be like there? It will be sunny.9) Is it snowing? Yes, it is a snowy day.10) Will there be cloudy? Yes, there will.11) The s

41、un is shining.12) I like taking a warm bath.(19)節(jié)日：節(jié)日的特點；節(jié)日的活動festivals : New Year's Day, Spring Festival, Women 's Day, April foolish Day, M ay Day, Mother's Day, Children 's Day, Father's Day, Party's Day, Army's Day, Midautumn Festival, Teachers ' Day , National Da

42、y, Thanks Giving Day, Christmas Day.New Year's Day: 1st January.Spring Festival:It's the Chinesear. It's a very special festival for allNew Year.It's the first day of the Chinese yeChinese people. It is usually at the end of January or the beginning of February /in late January or ea

43、rly February. The children can get lucky money ".Women 's Day: It's on 8th March.April Foolish Day: on 1st April, on this day, people can play jokes to their frien ds.May Day: 1st May, laborers ' day.Mother's Day: on the second Sunday of May.Children 's Day: on June 1st.Fath

44、er's Day: on the third Sunday in June.Party's birthday: in China, it's on 1st July.Army's Day: in China, it's on 1st August.Mid-autumn Festival: on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar. In China , peo ple eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon.Teachers '

45、Day: on 10th September.National Day: in China, it's at the beginning of October.Thanks Giving Day: the last Thursday in November, it's American festival.Christmas Day: December 25th.(20)方位：人或物的位置；問路與應答place : in, on ,at, under, near, next to, beside, behind, in front of , in the front of , i

46、n the middle (of ), back, on the right/left, the second/ person from the right/l eftA: Excuse me. Where 's the department store?Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel, Please?Can I take this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?B: It's over there.Turn right /left at the first

47、crossing. The hotel is on the right/left.be doing somethingI'm sorry, I don't know.(21)正在發(fā)生的事情：現(xiàn)在進行的動作和發(fā)生的事241) I'm/You 're/He 's /She's /We 're/They 're (not) working.2) Are you playing football? Yes, I am/we are.3) Is he/she taking exercise? Yes, he/she is. No, he/s

48、he isn't.4) Are they going shopping? Yes, they are.No, they aren't.5) What are you doing? I'm/We 're cleaningthe room.6) What's he/she doing? He 's/She 's havingsupper.7) What are they doing? They 're reading.(22)日常生活：日常生活、工作、學習的活動daily routineget up brush one's t

49、eeth, wash one's face, make breakfast , have breakfast, go to school/work, do morning exercises, have classes, play basketball, play football,run ,jump, go home, have lunch, have supper, do one's homework, watch TV, dosome reading, take a bath, go to bed1) What time do you get up? I usually

50、get up at 6 o'clock.2) Shen Zhen often takes a bath at 9 o'clockin the morning.3) My mother is never late for work.(23)計劃與打算：計劃和將要進行的動作和發(fā)生的事be going to do 1) I'm/You 're /He 's/She's /We 're/They 're (not)going to visit the museum.2) Are you going to swim? Yes, I am/w

51、e are.No, I'm not/we aren't.3) Is he/she going to see Miss Wang? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn't.4) What are you going to do tomorrow?I'm /We're going to visit the farm.Yes, I am/we are.5) I/You/He/She/They/We will go skiing.6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow?go swimming, go s

52、hopping, go climbing, go skiing, go walking, go running, gofishing, go skating, go sightseeing,(24)能力和可能：可能進行的動作和發(fā)生的事1)I/You/He/She/We/They can(can 't) come here tomorrow.2)Can he/she visit the factory today? Yes, he/she can. No, he/she can't.3)Can they go by bus? Yes, they can. No, they can

53、't.4) May I visit the factory this afternoon? Yes, of course /Sure/Certainly.5) May I sit here? Yes, of course/pleasedo.注意：情態(tài)動詞can的用法，can do (+動詞原形).實用短語歸納1. put down 放下 shut down 把 關(guān)上 cut down 砍掉come down 下來、落下 slow down 減緩、放慢 sit down 坐下write down 寫下 get down 下來，降落2. after all畢竟.終究after that于是

54、.然后day after day日復一日地one after another 相繼.挨次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 趕上 wake up 弄醒、醒來send up 發(fā)射 open up 開設、 開辦 grow up 長大pick up 拾起、撿起 hands up 舉手 eat up 吃光clean up 打掃干凈 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放棄做某事4. arrive at/in + n.至U達 get to +n.至U達

55、reach + n.至U達 arrive / get +adv.至U達5. get back 退還，送回去.取回give back 歸還 come back 回來at the back of 在的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐時 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,馬上 at school 在 上學 at the same time 同時 at work 在工作be good at=do well in 善長 laugh at 嘲笑 not at all 一點也不 at first 起初at n

56、ight 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age of/ when sb. was years old 在歲時 at last / in the end / finally 最后、 終于 at the beginning of the twenty-first century 在21 世名己 初at the end of 在 終點、結(jié)尾 at the moment /now 現(xiàn)在 at the foot of 在 腳下 at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié) at any moment 任何時候 at times（sometimes） 有時,偶爾 at the doctor's

57、在醫(yī)務室 be bad at不善長7. for example 例如 for ever 永遠 be good for 對有益 be bad for 對有害 for long=for a long time長期 for short 簡稱 be short for 是的簡稱TV is short for television ”8. come true 實現(xiàn) come down 下來 come from=be from 來自，出生于come in/into 進入，進來 come on 趕快 come over 過來 come along 走吧，過來，快點 come and go 來來去去 come

58、 up 上來 come out 出來，（花）開，（照片）沖洗出來 9.even though=even if 即使、雖然、盡管10. be pleased with對感到滿意 be covered with 被覆蓋be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事 be proud of 以自豪speak highly of 稱贊 be afraid of 害怕 hear of 聽說（hear from sb.收到某人的來信）of cause=certainly 當然可以 plenty of= a lot of 許多11. by the way 順便說 by oneself 單獨，獨自by the end of 到為至by the time （引起時間狀語從句）到的時候one by one依次by air / plane 乘飛機 by bus / train / car乘公共汽車/火車/轎車（catch a bus 趕公交車 get on / of