大學(xué)英語四級聽力技巧

1、大學(xué)英語四級聽力技巧來源：外語系作者：發(fā)表日期： 2009-11-9 22:45:00 閱讀次數(shù)： 10 查看權(quán)限：普通新聞按照新的教學(xué)大綱的要求，六級學(xué)生在學(xué)完 1-6級基礎(chǔ)階段的英語課程后，對所給的英語口頭材料應(yīng)達(dá)到一定的理解程度。對題材熟悉，內(nèi)容淺于課文，基本上無生詞、語速每分鐘為150個(gè)單詞的材料，一遍可以聽懂，準(zhǔn)確率不低于70% 。通過對歷年試卷的聽力部分所作的題項(xiàng)分析，充分表明考生聽力的高低完全取決于他們是否具備了以下 4個(gè)方面的基礎(chǔ)：一 .堅(jiān)實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)二 .一定的文化背景知識三 .基本的聽力技能四 .正確有效的聽音習(xí)慣聽力材料的選材原則一般基于以下三點(diǎn)：一 .對話部分為校園生活

2、中的一般對話，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容不太復(fù)雜.二 .短文部分的材料是題材熟情節(jié)不太復(fù)雜的故事、講話或敘述等. 三 .所用詞匯不超過教學(xué)大綱詞匯表規(guī)定的范圍. 聽力內(nèi)容 :1.短對話(short conversation)2.長對話(long conversation)3.短文(passages)4.復(fù)合式聽寫 (compound dictation)注意事項(xiàng) :1.保持良好的心態(tài)，頭腦要冷靜，一個(gè)題聽不懂不要過多糾纏。善于利用時(shí)間：（1）播放考場指令時(shí)，題目說明和例句時(shí).（2）題與題之間的 13秒間隔利用好 .閱讀選項(xiàng)，猜測談話話題和可能問的問題：聽前從所給的文字材料和答案選項(xiàng)等線索中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些背景信息

3、，力求縮小談話者的話題，它能幫助考生搞清所聽內(nèi)容的類型和結(jié)構(gòu)甚至主題?？忌牭臅r(shí)候可避免過分注重每個(gè)單詞從而影響對全篇中心思想的理解?？忌鷳?yīng)搶時(shí)間閱讀試卷上的選項(xiàng)，爭取主動(dòng)，以便在聽音時(shí)有針對性。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)猜測問的是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、金錢、還是計(jì)劃、打算、狀態(tài)等等。2.閱讀選項(xiàng)要一目十行，提高效率：聽力不像閱讀，它是單向性的、一次性的。時(shí)間有限，提高閱讀選項(xiàng)的速度。3.手耳并用，簡單做筆記：錄音中的細(xì)節(jié)，如重要的數(shù)字、人物、地名等，僅大腦記憶很難完全記住。因此，考試中可以有目地的、有選擇的加以記錄，以便聽完錄音后能快速準(zhǔn)確的選出答案。4.多做真題。十多年來的每年兩度的四級考試，光是真題就積累了幾

4、十套了。這些真題的命題還是很有規(guī)律可循的。要找四級的感覺，就得多做真題。一簡短對話部分：該部分一般是日常生活中的對話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活等話題，場景可分為校園、公共場所（銀行、機(jī)場、醫(yī)院、郵局、交通工具等）、家庭、辦公室等方面。每題1分。簡短對話的形式：一般是男士說一句，女士說一句，然后根據(jù)他們的對話內(nèi)容由第三方提出一個(gè)問題。該部分一般是日常生活中的對話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活等話題，場景可分為校園、公共場所（銀行、機(jī)場、醫(yī)院等）、家庭、辦公室等方面。每題1分。簡短對話的類型：按照簡短對話的內(nèi)容或句型，我們可以把該部分分為以下類型：問對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和場所：where

5、 does the conversation most probably take place?where does this conversation most likely occur?where are the two speakers?不同的場景下人們交談?dòng)谜Z也不同，例如：校園： campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdue, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credi

6、t, resume， tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship 等。銀行： open an account, cash the check, buy travelers check, atm, draw/deposit money, balance, savings等。餐館： menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window , full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wi

7、ne, dessert ， waiter, reserve, take order等。機(jī)場： board, flight, gate number, check in, boarding pass, seat-belt 等。交通： due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine等。醫(yī)院： do you have an appointment?whats the matter w

8、ith you?take ones temperature, have a fever, have a sore throat, keep coughing, toothache, headache, physician, surgeon, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, ward, visiting hours, prescribe, pill, capsule等。郵局： business hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp等。家庭： darling, sweet heart之類的比較親近的

9、稱謂語，watch tv, fix the washing machine, grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dining-room, have a bath 等。旅館： check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk 等。找房子：價(jià)格高，太吵，難找這樣的問題的答案選項(xiàng)一般是由介詞in或 at 后面加一個(gè)地點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的。如：m: how many hours are you taking this semester?w: eighteen, plus two hours of lab.

10、q: where does the conversation most probably take place?a. in a restaurant. b. in a bank.c. at an office. d. in a university.該題的關(guān)鍵詞是sem ester和 lab.提問人物關(guān)系或人物的身份：此類對話提供一個(gè)情節(jié)，能反映所涉及的人的關(guān)系或身份，關(guān)鍵詞可以參考第1點(diǎn)中列出的。（1） 問人物的關(guān)系 :whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? 如：m: good evening, madam. the

11、re is a table for two over there. this way, please.w: thank you. could i see the menu, please?q: whats the relationship between the man and woman?a. husband and wife. b. waiter and customer.c. salesman and customer. d. host and guest.該題的關(guān)鍵詞是menu和 madam.（2） 問人物的職業(yè)身份：who is the man/the woman? 如：m: acc

12、ording to your ad in this mornings paper, you have an apartment for rent.w: yes, i have. its on the second floor. would you like to have a look? come this way, please.q: who is the woman?a. a bank clerk. b. a secretary.c. a landlady. d. a doctor.該題的關(guān)鍵詞是an apartment for rent 和 ad.計(jì)算類。一般涉及時(shí)間和價(jià)錢的運(yùn)算。（1）

13、問活動(dòng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間或具體幾點(diǎn)。該類的題一般不會直接告訴我們時(shí)間，會涉及到時(shí)間的一些簡單的加減運(yùn)算。 要注意一些關(guān)鍵詞， 如：a quarter (to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight等。w: bob, are you going straight home after school today?m: no. i have a class until one oclock, and after that im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.

14、q: when is bob going home this afternoon?a. around 5:00. b. around 3:00.c. at 2:00. d. at 1:00.本題的關(guān)鍵是until one oclock ，和 to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。（2） 商品的價(jià)格。 該類的題也涉及到一些簡單的加減乘除運(yùn)算。要注意一些關(guān)鍵詞， 如：10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real barga

15、in, on sale，change等。尤其要注意單件商品的價(jià)格，買多件商品是否優(yōu)惠，找零，以及最后的問題是說話人要付的錢、單件商品的價(jià)格、還是買若干商品需要付的錢。如：w: heres a ten-dollar bill. give me two tickets for tonights show , please.m: sure. two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change.q: how much does one ticket cost?a. $ 8.60. b. $ 4.30c. $ 6.40. d. $ 1.40本題的關(guān)鍵是te

16、n-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents change.人物的計(jì)劃或打算。這類問題中第一個(gè)說話人往往會提出一種觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議，要仔細(xì)聽第二個(gè)說話人是同意還是反對。（1） 第二個(gè)說話人同意第一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議.如：w： you need a rest. y ouve finished your exams. so why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend?m: thats a good idea. perhaps monica will come with me.q: wha

17、t will the man probably do?a. to have a good rest. b. to see monica.c. to go abroad for the weekend. d. to take an exam.本題的關(guān)鍵是thats a good idea ，說明第二個(gè)說話人同意第一個(gè)說話人的觀點(diǎn)。（2）第二個(gè)說話人不同意第一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議，大多數(shù)情況下是禮貌委婉地表達(dá)自己的不同意見，所以要特別注意：如：m: mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner?w: well, ill

18、 go if you really want me to, but im rather tired.q：what can we learn from the conversation?a. the woman does not want to go to the movies.b. the man is too tired to go to the movies.c. the woman wants to go to the movies.d. the man wants to go out for dinner.本題的關(guān)鍵是 but人物的感覺狀態(tài)。除了根據(jù)說話人的語氣判斷之外，對話中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)

19、鍵詞可能有：excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense, worried，angry等。w: werent you nervous when the professor called on you in class?m: id say i was shaking all over.q: how did the man feel when he was called on?a. worried and frightened.b. very

20、relaxedc. quite unhappy.d. angry with the professor.本題的關(guān)鍵是i was shaking all over.交通或交通工具。該類的對話一般涉及交通工具晚點(diǎn)或交通出現(xiàn)了某些問題。對于交通工具晚點(diǎn)的問題，有時(shí)會談?wù)撜c(diǎn)時(shí)間和推延的時(shí)間，然后再說原因。這類題的關(guān)鍵詞是：be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule, due 等。w: im sorry, sir. the train is som

21、ewhat behind schedule. t ake a seat, and ill tell you as soon as we know something definite.m: thank you. ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime.q: what can we conclude about the train from the conversation?a. the train is crowded. b. the train is late.c. the train is empty. d. the tr

22、ain is on time.本題的關(guān)鍵是behind schedule.請求或建議。表示請求的句型一般有：can you ? would you? would you mind ?表示建議的句型一般有：if i were you, id shall we ? why not? perhaps we should. it would be better if how about ?m: can i use your new car, auntie?w: yes, of course, if you drive it carefully.q: whats the aunts answer?a.

23、she agrees to lend him the car. b. she offers him the car.c. she refused to lend him the car. d. she is pleased to lend him the car.本題的關(guān)鍵是yes, of course, 雖然后面又附加了條件if you drive it carefully.釋義、替換或上下義。該類對話的選項(xiàng)中會用單詞替換或解釋對話人表達(dá)的意思，同時(shí)考查聽力和詞匯。w: have you finished reading my research report? i put it on you

24、r desk last week.m: yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published.q: what does the man suggest that the woman should do?a. put her report on his desk.b. read some papers he recommended.c. mail her report to the publisher.d. improve some parts of her paper.本題的關(guān)鍵是理解revi

25、se的同義詞是improve.m: nancy, why were you late today?w: i overslept and missed the bus.q: why was nancy late?a. she got up later than usual.b. the bus was late.c. she forgot she had class.d. her clock was slow .overslept也就是 got up later than usual 。有些題盡管問題可能問的是含義之類，但其實(shí)考查的是同學(xué)們對上下義關(guān)系的掌握。如：m: let me see. i

26、ve printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. anything else?w: no, thats all right. well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.q: what has the man been doing?a. having an interview. b. filling out a form.c. talking with a friend. d. asking for informatio

27、n.上義詞為概括性詞語，下義詞所表示的則是具體的東西。本題中能夠概括男士所做之事的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng) b。人物對某件事物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，或考生從對話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論。該類的題難度較大，類型也比較繁多復(fù)雜。需要考生全面理解對話內(nèi)容。what does the man mean (imply) ?what does the womans answer suggest?what can we learn from the conversation?what can be concluded from this conversation?w: you seem to have a lot of work

28、to do at your office. y oure always staying late and working overtime.m: thats true. but its no bother to me. the work is interesting. i dont mind working extra hours at all.q: how does the man feel about his job?a: he enjoys it very much.b: he doesnt care much about it.c: he doesnt mind even though

29、 its tedious.d. he hates working overtime.本題的關(guān)鍵是the work is interesting.詢問對方的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度問題中有一大類是含有虛擬語氣的。該類型一直是英語四級熱門考點(diǎn)。這就要求同學(xué)們了解虛擬語氣的表意功能，根據(jù)虛擬語氣判斷正確選項(xiàng)。如：w: im thinking of going to austin for a visit. do you think its worth seeing?m: well, i wish i had been there.q: what do we learn from the conversation?a

30、. the man is planning a trip to austin.b. the man has not been to austin before.c. the man doesnt like austin.d. the man has been to austin before.i wish i had been there. 說明說話人沒有去過。含but的題型該題型中第二人的答話由兩部分組成,先是一個(gè)簡單的短句,后是一個(gè)較長的句子,短句和長句之間用 but 連接 .but后的長句是答案的關(guān)鍵.表示同意與肯定的常用語(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特別注意的表達(dá)方法)1同意或肯定對

31、方陳述的觀點(diǎn)如： tony is very hard-working.表示同意的常用語就有：(1) with no doubt.(2) there is no denying.(3) * i cant agree more.2.對詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子的肯定回答如： how was the concert?表示肯定的常用語就有：(1) not bad.(2) it was terrific!(3) it was amazing!(4) it was fantastic!(5)* ive never been to a better one.3同意幫助對方如： can you help me with

32、the math problem?(1) no problem.(2) you can count on me.(3) its a piece of cake.(4) sure.4.同意對方的提議如： shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?（1）* why not?（2）* i really cant wait.（3） thats what i have in mind.表示懷疑與否定的常用語(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特別注意的表達(dá)方法)1懷疑與否定對方陳述的觀點(diǎn)如： tony is very hard-working.表示否定的常用語就有：

33、(1) are you kidding?(2) i know you dont mean it.(3) he is by no means hard-working.(4) he is anything but hard-working.(5) * he is the last man that i think hard-working.2.對詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子或知識性的問題的否定回答(1)對詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子如： how was the concert?表示否定的常用語就有： ive never been to a worse one. just so-so. it sent me to sleep

34、. i couldnt help dozing off. it was a waste of time and money.*well, i should have stayed at home.(2)對知識性的問題如： who invented the computer? who knows? it is beyond me.* it is at the tip of my tongue3.拒絕幫助對方如： can you help me with the math problem?(1) you are driving me mad.(2) i dont want to be interr

35、upted before i finish my term paper.(3) * id like to, but ive got an appointment with a professor at two oclock.(4) * i wish i could, but i afraid that ive got to rush now.（5）*im afraid i just ran out of time.4.拒絕對方的提議或要求(1)拒絕對方的提議如： shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? id like to, but my pap

36、er is due next monday. ill go if you really want me to, but i want to have a good rest at home.(2)拒絕對方的要求如： try not to make mistakes in your exam.* well, easier said than done.否定句型在這類題型中，最重要的線索是抓住否定性的關(guān)鍵詞。值得注意的是這類題一般都不是以明顯的否定方式出現(xiàn)的，所以需要考生多加注意。包含否定性的關(guān)鍵有：否定副詞和形容詞：hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few , ne

37、ver 等。否定代詞和連詞：nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none 等。否定前綴和否定后綴：im-, un-, dis-, non-, -less等。表否定意義的其他詞：fail, miss, avoid, deny, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than 等。二 .長對話 (long conversations)聽力長對話（ long conversations ）的長度一般在 6-20句之間，字?jǐn)?shù)在 120-250字之間。針對每篇長對話的問題可能會有2-5個(gè)。與短對話相比

38、，長對話涉及的內(nèi)容更深入，人物態(tài)度，語氣，情感變化更復(fù)雜，一般不能簡單依賴某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞來判斷整篇對話的含義。一人一句的短對話涉及的只是一個(gè)?點(diǎn)?，而長對話涉及的是一個(gè)?面?。短對話的答案一般是 ?顯而易見 ?的，而長對話有時(shí)更依賴于推斷和判斷。盡管如此，長對話必然有一個(gè)中心議題，中心議題正是該?面?的凝聚點(diǎn)，對話雙方都是圍繞該中心而展開話題，對于長對話而言，做出正確選擇的關(guān)鍵就是把握住對話的中心思想。由于對話較多，長對話的場景就顯得格外重要，準(zhǔn)確判斷對話的場景（situation） ，對把握對話的中心思想是非常有幫助的。這里所談到的場景，是指人物，身份或職業(yè)，議論的問題，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)等等的綜合概念

39、。清晰的場景會在考生頭腦中形成氛圍，容易把握對話的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，使對話情節(jié)的發(fā)展更加順理成章。對長對話的題型分析，不易于采取諸如：?關(guān)鍵詞，因果關(guān)系，but轉(zhuǎn)折，情感，態(tài)度 ?等分類方法。根據(jù)多年的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，依據(jù)場景的不同，對長對話進(jìn)行分類，有助于考生對?面?的把握能力的提高。下面是對長對話經(jīng)常涉及到的幾種情況做了歸類，主要分成三大類：學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類，生活相關(guān)類和工作相關(guān)類。顧名思義，學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類與學(xué)習(xí)有密切聯(lián)系，比如：選課，考試，論文等；生活相關(guān)類主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娛樂，運(yùn)動(dòng)等；生活相關(guān)類多是找工作，面試等題材。下面列舉幾個(gè)常用典型場景的題型。學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類往往是長對話的重點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容粗略可

40、分為教務(wù)場景，選課場景，補(bǔ)課場景和論文場景等。（1）教務(wù)場景場景人物：由教師（導(dǎo)師）或?qū)W監(jiān)等教務(wù)人員向?qū)W生說明一些學(xué)校課程的安排情況。場景涉及內(nèi)容：學(xué)期計(jì)劃，調(diào)課信息，考試安排，課程介紹等。解題思路：教務(wù)人員總是細(xì)致地描述各項(xiàng)事務(wù)的細(xì)節(jié)問題，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，計(jì)劃推遲或變更的原因往往是考查的重點(diǎn)。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案q: who is the speaker?a: teacher, professor, instructor, advisorq: when does the talk take place?a: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end

41、of the semester)q: where does the talk take place?a: classroom, lecture hallq: what is the topic?a: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about on course常用的詞匯和詞組：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, workshop(講習(xí)班 ), take

42、 attendance( 點(diǎn)名 ), elementary, intermediate, advanced等。（2）選課場景場景人物：師生之間或?qū)W生之間談?wù)撨x課的話題場景涉及的內(nèi)容：學(xué)生是否有資格選某一門課，對于老師的談?wù)?，課程的難易程度，選某一門課的好處和壞處。解題思路：學(xué)生覺得課程太難，負(fù)荷太重。常用的詞匯和詞組：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course( 預(yù)修課程 ), preliminary course

43、(預(yù)備課程 ), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course( 退修課程 )等。（3）補(bǔ)課場景場景人物：同學(xué)之間補(bǔ)課。場景涉及的內(nèi)容：通常是某學(xué)生因?yàn)槟承┰蜻t到或曠課了，事后找另一個(gè)同學(xué)補(bǔ)課，所以必會牽扯到專業(yè)內(nèi)容。解題思路：遲到或曠課的學(xué)生大多是男生，幫他補(bǔ)課的一般是女生。男生在補(bǔ)課過程中常會問一些愚蠢問題，而女生將一一給與澄清。結(jié)尾處，男生會感嘆不上這堂課很遺憾經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案：q: why was the man late for class? (why did the man ask the woman about

44、 the lecture?)a: he overslept (was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency)q: what confused the man?a:專業(yè)課的內(nèi)容。q: what does the man promise to do at last?a: he will not be late again (oversleep again)常用的詞匯和詞組：fill sb. in ( 暫代某人 ), you? ve really lost

45、 me there( 你真的讓我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。（4）論文場景場景人物：教授與學(xué)生，或者學(xué)生之間進(jìn)行討論。場景涉及的內(nèi)容：討論論文寫作的相關(guān)事宜，比如：論文題目，查找資料等等。解題思路：論文的題目難以確定，資料太難找（題目太偏，查不到資料；題目太大，要查的資料太多，太雜）。常用的詞匯和詞組：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, in

46、tellectual dishonesty, plagiarism( 剽竊 ), get an early start, gather materials等。生活相關(guān)類包括體育場景，娛樂場景，租房場景等。（1）體育場景場景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員一起出去郊游。場景涉及的內(nèi)容：往往是一些熱門的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing.解題思路：目的不在于比賽，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling ，往往是以team, club或 association 的形式存在的。常用的詞匯和詞組：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in

47、great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(急救 ), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station等。（2）娛樂場景場景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員。場景涉及的內(nèi)容：包括郊游，參加運(yùn)動(dòng)，聽音樂會，談?wù)撏娴挠?jì)劃等。解題思路： 一般說到娛樂， 常見的項(xiàng)目有g(shù)o on a picnic, hiking trip, camping trip, go to a concert,

48、 see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling等。常見的詞匯和詞組：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court( 預(yù)定一個(gè)球場 ), a night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather 等。（3）租房場景場景人物：房東，住戶場景涉及的內(nèi)容：和房東的相處甚至討價(jià)還價(jià)。對房子的評價(jià)，包括價(jià)格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的過程。解題思路：學(xué)生一般傾向于找價(jià)格低的房子，所以房子的條件一般比較差，經(jīng)常會出一些毛??；由于房子緊張，找房子，租房

49、子的過程往往很不容易。常用的詞匯和詞組：roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus, utilities, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龍頭 ), tenant, afford等。工作相關(guān)類（1）應(yīng)聘（面試）場景常景人物：聘方人員和應(yīng)聘者。場景涉及的內(nèi)容：對于某種工作的態(tài)度和評價(jià)，應(yīng)聘該工作的條件，如何辦理相關(guān)手續(xù)，工資待遇和工作環(huán)境，工作時(shí)間等。解題思路

50、：應(yīng)聘者介紹自己的情況，如：教育背景，特長等，聘方人員一般要介紹工作的性質(zhì)，工資待遇以及上下班時(shí)間。常用的詞匯和詞組：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training( 崗前培

51、訓(xùn) ), permanent employment, stipend, bonus, part-time job等。應(yīng)試技巧概括地說，要聽好長對話，必須做到以下五點(diǎn)：（1）通過預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)信息，能迅速把握它們的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，從而預(yù)測所聽對話材料的基本內(nèi)容，并且從各個(gè)問題間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提煉出對話的中心思想，更好地理解個(gè)檢測點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)。下面兩點(diǎn)值得特別關(guān)注： a.注意重復(fù)的詞語，這些詞通常會給你一些線索，還會幫助你回憶起你在題目中聽過的名稱；b.注意各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的不同點(diǎn)，注意一些不同的名字，地點(diǎn)及不同的動(dòng)詞，這些不同之處將會幫你確定這道題中哪些是你要聽的關(guān)鍵。（2）排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。及時(shí)排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，將

52、有助于你提高正確率。（3）把握做題的節(jié)奏。做題的節(jié)奏在聽力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一項(xiàng)提問的時(shí)間間隔都是相同的，這就暗示著答題的節(jié)奏感。做到答題的節(jié)奏與提問的節(jié)奏相一致，一旦答題的節(jié)奏落后了，就會手忙腳亂，出錯(cuò)的幾率大大增加。（4）提高短期記憶能力，學(xué)會腦筆同記，邊聽邊記和一系列適用自己的記憶方法。（5）熟悉各種固定的提問形式，根據(jù)對話的發(fā)展預(yù)測可能提出的問題。三 .短文 (passages)短文聽力的提問方式有最常見的有以下4種類型。1.中心思想題。這類問題主要是測試文章的主題思想。提問方式有：what is the main idea of the passage? what can

53、we learn from this passage? what is the best title for this passage? what is the passage mainly about? what is the speaker talking about?等等。做這一類題時(shí)一定要注意集中精力聽好短文的開頭，因?yàn)樗募壜犃Χ涛囊话銜_門見山，把中心思想置于文章的開頭。另外，如果文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)同一詞匯或同一類詞匯，同樣也值得我們特別注意，因?yàn)榘羞@類詞匯的選項(xiàng)能較好地體現(xiàn)中心思想，通常就是正確答案。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。所考察的細(xì)節(jié)包括具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要人物或事件、各種數(shù)字等，問題一般

54、為wh-question的形式。這類題要求我們聽到文中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間、數(shù)字時(shí)一定要特別敏感，及時(shí)做好筆記；另外，文中一旦出現(xiàn)以因果連詞 (如 because, so, due to 等)和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 (如 but, however, though等 )引導(dǎo)的句子也要格外留心，這些地方往往就是考點(diǎn)。3.對錯(cuò)判斷題。這類題常用以下提問方式：which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? which of the following is not mentioned?等等。聽到這類題時(shí)， 一定要聽清提問， 對于有沒有 no

55、t一詞要弄清楚。一般情況下，not一詞會重讀。4.推理推測題。這類題需要對文中的信息進(jìn)行分析推斷，才能作出正確的選擇。提問方式有：what can be infer from the passage? what does the speaker think about the problem.? what does the speaker most concerned about? how does the writer feel about.?等等。做這類題時(shí)一定要注意與短文內(nèi)容一樣的不是推斷，而且一定要根據(jù)短文的觀點(diǎn)而不是根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)來推斷。解題技巧四級中的短文聽力主要考查考生對語音及常

56、用詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識的熟悉程度和分析、推理和判斷等綜合能力 ,相當(dāng)于聽力中的閱讀理解 。從語言和內(nèi)容方面看,短文聽力雖然沒有閱讀理解難度大 ,但由于聽力的 瞬間性 ,即我們只能在聽的同時(shí)去理解而見不到文本,因此對考生來說有相當(dāng)難度。然而 ,短文聽力的命題和解題都有一定的規(guī)律可循,下面我們將分別講解。首先要瀏覽問題。根據(jù)問題推測短文大意,并帶著問題去聽,以便抓住有效信息；其次要邊聽邊記錄。 記錄并不是要把每句話都記錄下來,而是把和問題相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)記下來。在聽的過程中要特別注意文章開頭的幾句(尤其是首句 ),這幾句很可能是提綱挈領(lǐng)的句子,文章末句也經(jīng)常是考點(diǎn)。短文聽力題大致可分為三類。一是主旨題

57、 ,這類題目考查對文章主旨大意的理解,常見的提問方式有:what is the main idea of the passage? / what can we learn from this passage? / what is the best title for this passage? / what is the passage mainly about?；二 .是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 ,這類題目考查對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解,常見于記敘文 ,常用提問詞包括what, when, how , where 等；三 .是推理判斷題 ,這類題目是根據(jù)文章所給的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理,常見的提問方式有:what is th

58、e speaker most concerned about? / how does the writer feel about.? / what can we infer from the passage? 等。四 .復(fù)合式聽寫復(fù)合式聽寫材料就體裁而言多為說明文,特點(diǎn)是主題鮮明 ,條理清晰 ,層次分明 ,語言簡練 ,邏輯性強(qiáng)。 文中留有 11個(gè)空格 ,其中 1 - 8要求準(zhǔn)確填入所聽到的單詞,空格 9 - 11則要求填入所聽到的句子或用自己的話對之加以表述?？忌毡榉从硰?fù)合式聽寫最后3個(gè)題不好應(yīng)對。究其原因,大致有以下幾點(diǎn) :(1)考生不適應(yīng)聽大意寫要點(diǎn)的要求;(2)不知如何利用第一遍錄音把握全文大意,以至于無法概括要點(diǎn);(3)不會利用第三遍錄音進(jìn)行復(fù)查。所以,如何才能更好地完成這部分聽寫