初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句為了提高同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)效率，中國(guó)教育在線整理了 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)中的重 點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面為大家詳細(xì)講解一下。賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè) 主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分， 它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就 叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)單句 she knew the teacher 復(fù)合句 she knew that the teacher had seen the film.1 語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用 陳

2、述語(yǔ)序，即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從 句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞 有：who, what, which 等。女口：could you tell me who knows the answer, please?你能告 訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎？the small children don9t know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西。i don，t know which belongs to my father.連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。 常見的連接

3、詞有：whose, what, which, how many, how much 等。如：he asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他 問我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。the teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或 表語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：who, what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether o 女口：h

4、e hasift decided if he41 go on a trip to wuxi.他還沒決 定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。could you tell me what i should do with the money ?你 能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或 表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：what, which, how many, how much, how 等。如i：do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班 嗎？she asked me if i knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道

5、這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。2.連接詞當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞 義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。女口：he said that he could finish his work before supper.他說 他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用訐或whether引 導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如:i dorft know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.但在下列情況下只能用whether： 在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whethero如:let

6、me know whether /if he will come or not.i dorf t know whether/if he does any washing or not.i wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 在介詞之后用whether。女口：fm interested in whether he likes english.我關(guān)心的是他 是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。we5 re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.i worry about whether i hurt he

7、r feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷 了她的感情。 在不定式前用whethero女口：he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決 定是否拜訪那位老人。i dorft know whether to go.我不知去否。he hasn，t decided whether to go by bus or by train.彳也還 未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。女口：whether this is true or not, i carft say這是否真的我說 不上來(lái)。 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句

8、時(shí)宜用whethero女口：whether she will come or not is still a question.她是杏'能 來(lái)還是個(gè)問題。the question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我 們能否趕上公共汽車。 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),則用whethero如:please let me know if you like the book可理解為：a. please let me know whether you like the book請(qǐng)告訴我你是否 喜歡這本書。b if you like the book, please

9、let me know.你如果 喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊 疑問詞引導(dǎo)。女mcould you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?3 時(shí)態(tài)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。女口：i don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何 時(shí)回來(lái)。he tells me that his sister came back yeste

10、rday.他告訴我 他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、 過去將來(lái)時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。女口： the children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道 他是誰(shuí)。 he asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件 事是如何發(fā)生的。如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然 現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。女口：the teacher said that the earth goes round t

11、he sun.老j）帀說 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4.注意:if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句, 應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主 句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假 如”和“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干 中進(jìn)行綜合考查。女口：一do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你 知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎？一sorry, i don't know. when he

12、comes back, fll tell you. 對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了，我將告訴你。一i don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。一he will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨，他會(huì)來(lái) 的。方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓 語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：li ming hopes he will be back very soon. li ming hopes to be back very

13、 soon.we decided that we would help him. we decided tohelp him.方法二： 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 know, learn, remember, forget, tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句 可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：she has forgotten how she can open the window. she has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動(dòng)詞， 且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓

14、語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn) 化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：could you tell me how i can get to the station? could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order, require等時(shí)，如 果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞+不定 式"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：the headmaster ordered that we should start at once. t the headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

15、，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名 詞等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：he insisted that he should go with us. >he insisted on going with us.the poor boy doesn' t know when and where he was bom. >the poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ) +v-ing 形式"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：liu ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. f liu ping found a wallet lying on the ground 方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式來(lái) 簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：it seemed that the boys were going to win. >the boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：i found that it was difficult to