初中現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、表格式現(xiàn)在完成時的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時特點要點內(nèi)容現(xiàn)在完成時概念過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成 的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志語already, yet, just, before, so far, for+一段時間,since+過去時間(two years ago)或者一般過去時態(tài)的從句 recently, in the past few years still, lately, often, sometimes, even never, twice, on several occasion , now, up to these few days

2、/weeks/months/years, th is morn i ng/week/month/year, today, up to present,謂語動詞的時態(tài)構(gòu)成have/has (主語是三單)+ done謂語動詞語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式have/has +been + done溫馨提示（重要考點）1現(xiàn)在完成時不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬 間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如：come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die 等。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時常見兩種句型： 主語 + have/has been+for 短語 itis+段時間+ since從句考點：補充拓展表示短暫意義的

3、動詞:come, arrive- leave, bezin, start, buy, die, join, finish, end, fall in 等可以用完成吋，但是不能表示過去已開始,授續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的完成吋，不和for+時間段, since+過去時間,但可以表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞屮的短暫性的動詞。(肯定句：非延續(xù)性動詞不和for+時間段，since+過去時間連用，但是否定句和疑問句 不受限制。)he has arrived here. 不能說：he has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ) 可以說： he ha

4、s been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )it is ten minutes since he arrived here.可以說： he hasn't arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?he has died two years ago(用 since 或者 for 改寫句了)短暫性：arrive,come , go begin,start

5、 f buy-dief延續(xù)性：be here, be in be onhavebe deadjoinleave finish ,end fall illbe a member of (be in) be awaybe overbe illbe done keepbe-be up /-be open (adj.)begin to doborrow, lendbecomeget upfopen (v.)-close f be closed五、現(xiàn)在完成時1概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2. 標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, jus

6、t, before, so far, for+段時間，since+過去時間(two years ago)或者一般過去時態(tài)的從句 recently, lately, in the past few years , st訂 1, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasional*up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/)ear, now, just, today, up to present, _3現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的謂語動詞基本構(gòu)成：have/

7、has + donethe countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.4基木句型變化(1) 肯定句：主語+ has(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))或者h(yuǎn)ave+動詞的過去分詞+其他的。mary has been ill for three days.you have talked.he has been in the league for three years-they have already finished their homework.(2) .否定句：主語+hasn,t(haven,t)+動詞的過去分詞+其他的。he hasn，t

8、 returned from abroadyou havent talked.(3) .般疑問句：has(have)+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他的？has peter written six papers so far?have you talked?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+般疑問句？how long has thomas studied russian?特別注意事項：現(xiàn)在完成時常見兩種句型： 主語+ have / has been+for短語it is 段時間+ since從句he has been in the league for three years或 it is three years

9、 since he joined the league.般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分:(1 )構(gòu)成的區(qū)分：一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，助動詞是did 而現(xiàn)在完成吋的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have/ has +過去分詞”。(2)標(biāo)志詞的區(qū)分：一般過去時通常與表示過去的明確的時間狀語連用oyesterday, last week , two years ago just now ,in 2002 等；現(xiàn)在完成時貝i常與 just already ,ever ,never , these days , this week ?since for等表示一段時間的狀語連用。b: did you s

10、ee the film ?b:how did he do it ? a: have you seen the film ? a: how has he done it ? a:he has lived in beijing for 8 years . b:he lived in beijing for 8 years . 溫馨提示：現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示明確的過去時間的狀語連用，女山y(tǒng)esterday, last month,when,two year ago, in 2005等，明確過去時間要用一般過去時態(tài)。he came here yesterday.they bought the book

11、s last month.they have had them for a month. mike joined the army in 2005, he has been in the army for three year.過去分詞的構(gòu)成：1、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。 四點變化規(guī)則： 、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。work-一workedworked ,visitvisitedvisited(2) 、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞,只在詞尾加“ ed ”。livedlivedlived ,(3) 、以“輔音字母+y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將”y”變?yōu)?/p>

12、”i” ,再加“ ed ”。studystudiedstudied ,crycriedcried， play-played一played .staystayedstayed 、重讀閉咅節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔咅字母，先雙寫該輔咅字母，再加“ ed ”。stopstopped一-stopped，dropdroppeddropped現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的練習(xí)題一、寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞isam fly begin are play go .drink work makepass does danceworry asktasteeat drawputthrowkick stopseedrivelet

13、carrykeepjoinfind thinkteachcatch studydropcry- comebuybegin diejoin leave finish fall meet say lend二 a用 already 或 yet1) have they taken down the old pictures? no, not2) most of us have finished our compositions3) he said he hadn't visited the exhibition.b.用 since 或 for1) we have learned five le

14、ssonsthe beginning og this term.2) mrs liao has been in hospitallast week.3) i have stayed at my aunt'stwo weeks.c.用 have gone to 或 have been to 或者 have been in1) where are the boy students ?theyto the school factory.2) is your father in ? no, he shenzhen.he everthere before ? yes, hethere sever

15、al times3) he asked me if ihangzhou before.i told him that i wanted to go there for a visit as ineverto that city before.4) when did he amved there? he arrived there ten years ago.he there for ten years.三.完成時基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)i every student(see) the film already.2. kent and i(write) a song before.3. dick(do) the

16、 work these days4. the people in the mountainsnever(see) films.5. patty(buy) a magazine about the school life.6. the actress(live) here all her life.7. the glass is broken. who(break) this glass?8. finally the workers(finish) that job.(borrow) the book we talked abut last time?_ (drink) all of it.(c

17、all) last night. (love) it a lot.b: yes, i.b: li ming(do)b: two hours ago.i(see) it last week.not yet yes, i(be) there twice no, never.he is tired now.9. you10. there's no more wine in the bottle. theyii tom(leave) a message for you. he _12.1 (see) the movie once before. i13. a:you (/hear) the n

18、ews?a: who(tell) you the news?a: whenhe(tell) you?14.1 already(see) the film.15. he(finish) his work today ?16. you(be) to hong kong ?17. you ever(eat) chocolate sundaes ?l&my fatherjust(come) back from work.19where's li ming ? he(go) to the teacher's office.2o.shanghai(be) a small town

19、hundreds of years ago. now it(become) a large city.21.1 (work) here since i(move) here in 1999. 22.so far i(make) quite a few friends.23. how longthe wangs(stay) here ?he (stay) here for ten hours.24. you know, i (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.25. my sister(

20、stay) in beijing for three months last year.my sister(stay) in beijing for three months.26. the little boy is dirty all over because he(play) in the mud all the morning.四1、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。both his parents look sad .maybe they what's happened to him.d .will know2、3、4、been to shanghai, has he ?a alre

21、adyb.neverc .everd. stillhave you met mr a. justb.the famous writerhe hasc.beforea. is writing5. -our countryagoone new book in the past two years.b .was writing c .wrote d .has writtena lot so far d. a moment ago-yes . i hope it will be even.a. has changed ; well b . changed ; good c . has changed

22、; better d .changed ; better6、zhao lanalready in this school for two years a. was ; studying b will ; study c . has ; studied d. are ; studying7、wexiao li since she was a little girl.a. know b. had known c. have known d. knew8 harry potter is a very nice film .1it twice a will seeb. have seenc sawd

23、.see9s these farmers have been to the united states -really ! when there ?a will they go b. did they go c. do10、-youyour homeworka did ; do ; finishedc. have ; done ; have finished11、his father the partya joined b. has joinedc.12、-do you know him well ?go d. have they gone yet ? -yes. i it a moment

24、ago.b have ; done ; finishedd. will ; do ; finishtheysince 1978.was in d. has been insure wefriends since ten years ago .a knew b. have known c. must knowa were b . have been c . have become d. have made13、how long have you here ? -about two months .a beenb gonec. come d. arrived14、hurryup! theplayf

25、or tenminutes .a hasbegunb. hadbegun c. hasbeen on d. began15、ittenyears since he left theamiy .a. is，b.hasc. willd. was16、missgreenisn't inthe office sheto the library a .hasgoneb. wentc .will god has been17> my parents shandong for ten years.a. have been in b. have been to c. have gone to d

26、. have been 18、the students have cleaned the classroom,?a. so they b. don't they c. have they d. haven't they19> has mr while been a member of greener china since he to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c how long, came d how far, arrived 20 > his uncle for more than 9 years.a

27、. has come here b. has started to work c has lived there d. has left the university 五句型轉(zhuǎn)換（每空一詞）。1.1 have been to macau before.（改為否定句）ibeen to macau before.2. he hasn't come to school because he's ill （就劃線部分提問）he come to school?3. he has learned english for 5 years.（就劃線部分提問）learned english ?4

28、.1 bough a new bike just now（用 just 改寫）ijusta new bike.5. we began to learn english three years ago（改為同義句）weenglishthree years六.現(xiàn)在完成時延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1. the factory opened ten years ago.（同義句）the factory for ten years.2. they have cleaned the room twice this week.（就劃線部分提問） theythe classroom this week?

29、3. my father went to england in 2003 and 2005.（同義句）my father england.4 john left beijing three years ago.（同義句）john beijingthree years.5 his company closed in 2003.（同義句）his company2003.6. my father bought the car half a year ago.（同義句）my father the carhalf a year.七 make the best choices.1. 一 pm sure a

30、ndrew will win the first prize in the final.i think so. hefor it for months. （2008 江蘇）a. is preparing b. was preparing c. had been preparing d has been preparing2. by the time he realizes heinto a trap, it，11 be too late for him to do anything about it.a. walks b. walked c. has walked d. had walked3

31、. so far this year wea fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.a. sawb. seec. had seend. have seen4. cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at sunshine school, where she english for a year. （2007 湖南）a. studiesb. studiedc. is studyingd. has been studying5. dannyhard for long

32、 to realize his dream and now he is popular.a. worksb. is workingc. has workedd. had worked6. 一i have got a headache. 一no wonde匚 you_ in front of that computer too long.a. workb. are workingc. have been workingd. worked7. the unemployment rate in this districtfrom 6% to 5% in the past two years. a.h

33、as fallen b. had fallen c. is falling d. was falling8. now that she is out of job, lucy _ going back to school, but she hasift decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to consider9. 一 you him around the museum yet? 一yes- we had a great time there.a. have ; sho

34、wn b. do ; show c. had; shownd. did; show10. 一hi, tracy, you look pale. i am tired. ithe living room all day.a. painted b. had paintedc. have been paintingd. have painted11. motherme a new coat yesterday, iit on. it fits me well.a. has made.have tried b. madehave tried c. has made.tried d. made.trie

35、d12. “heto draw horses already?,t4whenhe?"“l(fā)ast year."a. learned.hasb. learned.did c. has learned.has d has learned.did13. tomup into the tree. look, hehigh up there!a. has got. is b. has climbed. was c. got. was d. climbed. is14. youthe text yet ? yes, weit two hours ago.a. did.copy.didb

36、have. copied.havec. have. copied. didd. did .copy.had15. "why she angry?"because heat he just now：a. did. get, shoutedb has.got.shoutedc. did.get. has shoutedd. has. .got. .has shouted16. youthe film before? whereyouit?a. have. seen. did. seeb. did.see.did.watchc have.seen. have. seen d. d

37、id.see.have.seen17. youme waiting for two hours. ifor you since five.a. kept.waited b. have kep仁waited c. kept.have waited d. have kept.have waited1& wherejohn? to the library. hethere for an hour.a. has. been . has goneb. has.gone.has beenc. did. go. wentd. did.be.went19the baby still? no, itcr

38、ying.a. has cried has stopped b. is crying.stoppedc. did cry stoppedd. is.crying.has stopped20.1 the way. ihere for quite many years.a. knew. have lived b. knew. live c know. have lived d. know. live21. you everamerica ? yes, i have.a. have. gone to b. have. gone in c. have. been to d havebeen in22.

39、 my brothercollege for over three years.a. has gone to b. has been toc. has been in d. has been for23. hethe army by the end of 1992. hein the army since then.a. joined.is b. has joined.has been c had joined.is d has joined.has been24. by the time iback theyup ten metres.a. came.have climbedb. came.

40、had climbedc. come.have climbedd. had come.climbed25. jackover five lessons by seven o'clock. then hea test.a. went.took b. went.had taken c. had gone.took d. had gone.had taken26. weout by that time that hea thief for a long time.a. had found.had been b. had found. was c. found.had been d. foun

41、d.was27. before the newhim, heto know about it.a. reaches .has got b. reached.had got c reached.got d. had reached.got2& ihim a second letter before ifrom him.a. wrote.heard b. wrote.had heard c. had written heard d. have written.hear29. wein a good harvest because weenough rain.a. didn't ge

42、t.had had b. got.had had c. had got. had bad d. got.hadn't had30. theyfor five hours when theyin new york.a. flew.arrived b. had flown. .had arrived c. flew.had arrived d. had flown.arrived31. shethatit for two days by that day.a. says.has rained b. says.had rained c. said. had rained d. said.ra

43、ined32. johnthere since the year before, so hethem.a.had worked knew b.had worked.had known c.worked.knew d. worked.had known133. heangry because hefor a long time.a. had got.had waited b. got.waited c. had got.waited d. got.had waited34. paperfirst invented in china.a. isb arec wasd. were35. the gr

44、eenschina for five years.a. has been in b. have been in c. went to d. has gone to36. therean eraser under the desk. is it yours?a. is b. hasc. wasd. had八、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、 the old manlast year. he for a year, （die）2、this factory opened twenty years ago（同 義句）this factory for twenty years.3、miss gao left an hour ago.（同義句）miss gao an hour ago.4、her mother has been a party member for three years .（同義句）her mother three years 5、the green family moved to france two years ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）two yearsthe green family moved to france>6、the bus has arrived her