現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第二版book3unit1知識(shí)講解

1、Your College YearsBob Hartman第一頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。R einforcementT ext AnalysisYour College YearsB ackgroundW arming upUnit 1第二頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesUnit 1Warming upYour College Years第三頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Warming upQuestions/ActivitiesWhat is the article mainly about? How much do you know about

2、 developmental changes? What does the author say that strikes you most?What is an identity crisis? Can you define “identity”?Are there any other key concepts mentioned in the text that you know about or want to know? 第四頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Warming upQuestions/Activitiesdevelopmental changes: a psychological term

3、which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout the lifespanidentity: the qualities that make sb or sth what they arewho you are; what strengths and weaknesses you have; how you perceive yourself as well as how other people perceive you ( self image and the image you present to o

4、thers)Erickson: The identity is “a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some belief in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image.”Identity is highly relational. 第五頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Warming upQuestions/Activitiesidentity crisis: the diff

5、iculties, confusions and anxieties that one goes through when he/she is not sure who he/she is and what his/her purpose in life is第六頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Check-on PreviewGive three translations of “意識(shí)(y sh)到”.Offer at least three examples of quotation that you can find in the text.Define the following words: heigh

6、tened (para. 3); observe (para. 4).Warming up第七頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。ObjectivesUnderstand the key psychological concepts.Understand the structure of the essay.Appreciate the formality of the writing style.Learn about some useful writing techniquesquotation, parallelism.Warming up第八頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。BackgroundErik EricksonSig

7、mund FreudUnit 1Your College Years第九頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939) Father of psychoanalysis, author of The Interpretation of Dreams, famous for his conception of the unconscious, libido, death instinct, the Oedipus/Electra complex, and structural model of human psyche. The Standard

8、 Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Ed. J. Strachey with Anna Freud, 24 vols. London: 1953-1964). Background第十頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 Erik Erickson: (1902-1994) Freudian ego-psychologist, “father of psychosocial development” and “the architect of identity.” According to Erickson, the iden

9、tity crisis is the most important conflict human beings encounter when they go through eight developmental stages in life. Erik EricksonBackground第十一頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Background Erik EricksonStage (age)Psychosocial crisisSignificant relationsPsychosocial virtuesMaladaptations & MalignanciesI (0-1)infanttru

10、st vs. mistrustmotherhope, faithsensory distortion withdrawalII (2-3)toddlerautonomy vs. shame and doubtparentswill, determinationimpulsivity compulsionIII (3-6)preschoolerinitiative vs. guiltfamilypurpose, courageruthlessness inhibitionIV (7-12 or so)school-age childindustry vs. inferiorityneighbor

11、hood and schoolcompetencenarrow virtuosity nertiaEight Developmental Stages 第十二頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Background Erik EricksonEight Developmental Stages Stage (age)Psychosocial crisisSignificant relationsPsychosocial virtuesMaladaptations & MalignanciesV (12-18 or so) adolescenceego-identity vs. role-confusionp

12、eer groups, role modelsfidelity, loyaltyfanaticism repudiationVI (the 20s)young adultintimacy vs. isolationpartners, friendslovepromiscuity exclusivityVII (late 20s to 50s) middle adultgenerativity vs. self-absorptionhousehold, workmatescareoverextension rejectivityVIII (50s and beyond)old adultinte

13、grity vs. despairmankind or “my kind”wisdompresumption despair第十三頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。DetailedAnalysisStructure StyleThemeUnit 1Text AnalysisYour College Years第十四頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。What does the author mean by developmental changes? Why is it important for college students to be aware of them?Do you agree with the author tha

14、t young adults are bound to go through an identity crisis? Is it necessarily a “dangerous” or “negative” incident in our life?Why does the author emphasize the change in the way of dealing with knowledge as an important aspect of our growth?Text Analysis Theme第十五頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 Style Genre: expository essay

15、, e.g. formal, serious, academic, educational2. Diction: big, complicated, formal words, technical jargon, e.g. personnel, occur, adolescence, adulthoodSyntax: long, involved sentences, e.g. paras. 4, 6 (During the course)Text Analysis第十六頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 Style 4. Techniques:quotation, e.g. in(source); accord

16、ing to; sb remarks/observes/comments/points out/defines parallelism, e.g.words (para. 2): strengths and weaknesses phrases (para. 2): determined by genetic endowment; shaped by environment; influenced by chance events sentences (para. 1): 3 consecutive questions other techniques?Para. 3 is developed

17、 by _. Para. 4 is developed by _ & _. How do we make a quotation?Text Analysiscomparisoncategorizationquotation第十七頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。1Text Analysis StructurePara. 1Introduction:Key developmental changes occur during college years.2Paras. 2-9Detailed discussion:Detailed discussion of these changesPara. 2: Id

18、entity crisisParas. 3-4: Dependence/ independence strugglePara 5: Establishing sexual identityPara 6: Relating to people aroundPara 7: Internalizing faith, valuesPara 8: New ways of learningPara 9: Relating to people of other cultures 3Para.10Conclusion:College is a time of personal growth and expan

19、sion.第十八頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 What goals do you have for your growth and maturity during your college years? Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Discussion第十九頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Detailed AnalysisExplain the sentence “How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their identity.” What does “both roles”

20、refer to? 2. Give examples to show how identity is determined.3. Did you experience independence/dependence struggle in your later adolescence stage?4. Why does the author say it may be heightened by the students choice to pursue a college education?5. What are the four distinct aspects of late adol

21、escents psychological separation from their parents? Text AnalysisPart II: Discussion 第二十頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。6. Why should college students stand back to see where they are in the independence/dependence struggle？7. What is meant by “establishing their sexual identity”? Why is it stressful?8. How is para. 4 deve

22、loped?9. How does college students change the way they relate to others as they grow and reach young adulthood?10. Give examples to show how the way you relate to others have changed since you became a college student?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Discussion 第二十一頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。11. What is meant by

23、“internalizing religious faith”? Do you think you have in some way internalized values and beliefs? What new insights have you gained in this respect?13. Did you ever question the values instilled by your parents in your adolescence?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Discussion 第二十二頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。What n

24、ew ways should college students develop in learning knowledge? Learning process: gather, process and applyNew perspectives of knowledge: Whats the purpose of materials?Learn to be critical. Establish your own attitudes.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Discussion 第二十三頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Why does the author

25、think it is important to become a world citizen?Do you have a similar experience, that your interaction with people of other cultures introduce you to new ways of interpreting life, new understanding of the world and of yourself?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Discussion 第二十四頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。1. In fact

26、, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. (para. 3) Actually, if the students choose to go to college to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their pa

27、rents.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Paraphrase第二十五頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。2. College students need to stand back and see where they are in the independence/dependence struggle. (para. 4) (In the face of the arrays of challenges,) it is necessary for college students to avoid getting too emotionally involved

28、 in the struggle and try to get a clear idea of their situation.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Paraphrase第二十六頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。3. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (para. 5) Perhap

29、s nothing can make a student experience such a big emotional change except his/her relationships with his/her lover. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Paraphrase第二十七頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。go throughto experience To get this job done, he went through all sorts of hardships. to finish You have to go through nece

30、ssary customs formalities before you can enter another country. to pass They just went through the forest in total silence. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressions (1)第二十八頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。perceive (fml)to know, realize, notice I perceived that I could not make him change his mind. perce

31、iveas He needs to perceive change as opportunity, uncertainty as challenge and corruption as disease. n. perception adj. perceptive/perceptual Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressions (2)第二十九頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。pursueto chase or follow, in order to catch or attack Holmes ran across the fiel

32、d with one officer pursuing him. to continue doing or trying to achieve sth: to pursue interests/ profits/business/happiness/a goal/further education/a major She plans to pursue a career in politics. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressions (3)第三十頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。excessivemuch more than

33、is reasonable or necessary His excessive drinking bothers me. Synonym: excess (only as attributive)seein alight What he did made us see him in a new light. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressions (4)第三十一頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。applysth applies to (適合，適用適合，適用);sth is applied to (運(yùn)用運(yùn)用(ynyng)，應(yīng)用，

34、應(yīng)用)developdevelop an idea(詳細(xì)闡述詳細(xì)闡述); develop a new medicine (研制研制)develop the natural resources; develop the west region (開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)發(fā))develop an interest; develop a habit; develop understanding of each other (產(chǎn)生，形成產(chǎn)生，形成)develop ones business (發(fā)展發(fā)展)develop lung cancer (患患病病)develop into crisis (產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn))d

35、evelop a film (沖洗沖洗) Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & Expressions (5)第三十二頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Fill in the blanks.She has been modeling _ her younger sister throughout the years.The countrys parliament is modeled _the British system. Many of our products are _ the best in the world. By submitting

36、 to male values, they symbolically _ male superiority.You need to get good _/ high _ to go to college. “Michael seems to have something on his mind,” she_.foron/afterequal toText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisaffirmedgradesmarksobservedPart II: Exercise (1)第三十三頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Translation新技術(shù)正被應(yīng)用到幾乎所有的工業(yè)流程。（新技術(shù)正被應(yīng)用

37、到幾乎所有的工業(yè)流程。（apply）New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.不是所有的自然規(guī)律都適用于人類社會(huì)不是所有的自然規(guī)律都適用于人類社會(huì)(shhu)。（。（apply） Not all natural laws can apply to human society.特殊情況只涉及特殊情況只涉及18歲以下者。（歲以下者。（apply）Special conditions apply only if you are under 18.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPa

38、rt II: Exercise (2)第三十四頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Translation1. College is designed to be a time of personal growth and expansion. 大學(xué)本來(lái)就是一段個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)、拓展的時(shí)期。大學(xué)本來(lái)就是一段個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)、拓展的時(shí)期。2. Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? 你是否曾經(jīng)想過(guò)，在你由青春期

39、邁向成年的過(guò)程中，你的個(gè)你是否曾經(jīng)想過(guò)，在你由青春期邁向成年的過(guò)程中，你的個(gè)人發(fā)展會(huì)發(fā)生某些人發(fā)展會(huì)發(fā)生某些(mu xi)變化？變化？ Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Exercise (3)第三十五頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Translation3. Functional independence involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own

40、 wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. 獨(dú)立生活的能力包括處理日常實(shí)際和個(gè)人事務(wù)的能力，比如獨(dú)立生活的能力包括處理日常實(shí)際和個(gè)人事務(wù)的能力，比如說(shuō)，理財(cái)、添置衣物和計(jì)劃日程安排。說(shuō)，理財(cái)、添置衣物和計(jì)劃日程安排。4. She then went on to explain how in college she came to realize that literature is one of the best ways to understand a culture. 她接著解釋在大學(xué)里她是如何她接著解釋在大學(xué)里她是如何(rh)慢慢意識(shí)到

41、，文學(xué)是理解慢慢意識(shí)到，文學(xué)是理解一種文化的最好方式之一。一種文化的最好方式之一。 Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Exercise (4)第三十六頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Recap of Part II: ContentDevelopmental changes in college yearsNew ways of learning New ways of dealing with people selfparentspeople of other culturesother adultsthe other sex assembling, process

42、ing & applying Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第三十七頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 What is the authors conclusion?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Discussion第三十八頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Fill in the blanks. Over the years, they have _ an ample amount of data. I cannot say _ how much the car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood

43、of two hundred thousand. assembledfor certainText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Exercise (1)第三十九頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Translation1. 這些措施大大促進(jìn)了那個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇。（這些措施大大促進(jìn)了那個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇。（contribute） These measures contributed greatly to the economic recovery of that country.2. 你認(rèn)為促使這個(gè)你認(rèn)為促使這個(gè)(zh ge)公司成功的主要因素是什么？公司成功的主要因素是什么？ （contribute） What do you think are the main factors that contributed to the success of that company?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Exercise (2)第四十頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。Unit 1ReinforcementDiscussionYour College YearsLanguage