八年級英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

1、八年級英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定 語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓 語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不 定 式短語。一、用作主語多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語一一動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別 是不定式短語較長時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 疑問詞+不定式短語作主語可置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句 末。如：1 11 is our duty to try our b

2、est to deal with these problems.2. The head teachersaid it was necessaryto talk withhis mother.3. How to learn English well is important.4. To see is to believe.（眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見）二、用作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1. The best way is to join an English club2. The first thing is to listen to the teacher caref

3、ully.三、用作賓語1可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可 假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1 )We decided to talk to some students about why they go there2) He prefers to eat white bread and rice3) Id love to visit Mexico.2.

4、 動(dòng)詞 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式 不帶to。如：1 )Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3. 動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語一一動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu) 是.feel / find / make/. it+adj. / n.+to

5、 do.。如：4. 感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)5后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓 語，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀 語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡 力 做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1) When I left home, I forgot to bring it wi

6、th me.2) I stopped using them last year.四、用作定語1. 句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其 所修飾的名詞、 代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓尖系1) 1 have so many clothes to wash today.2) I can 't think of anygood adviceto give her.3) We have no houses to live in.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時(shí)，不 定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀尖系或同位矢系。如：1)He needstime to do hom

7、ework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around thecity.3. 在“ there be"句型里，句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對象:1)Therejust so much to see and do here.2)but there are still many things to do the五、用作賓語補(bǔ)足語1 .帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允 許提議(ask, allow, 5 advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(lì)(expect, 5 invite, encourage)，教導(dǎo)告 訴想要(teach

8、, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。女i : 1)ld invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”-look at, observe, see,watch，三“讓”：have, let, make,二“聽” ：hear, listen to，一“感覺” :fee

9、l ，一 “注意” :notice ° 如:1) This picture makes me feel excited!2) We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week3. help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English2) Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作狀語1-目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)lnorder to catch the early bus, she got up very e

10、arly. 2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3) She came to this city to visit her daughter.2. 原因狀語，多見于“ sb.+be+adj.+to do."結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3. 結(jié)果狀語，多見于“ too.to ”，“ enough to. ”結(jié)構(gòu)句 中。如：1) I *m too tired to d

11、o it well.2) The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“ for / of sb. to do sth.”，for/ of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表 語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前 面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for 前面的形容詞是 dangerou

12、s, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 等，一般說明 不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如： 1.lt *s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.2.It *s wise of him to do it well.3）ls it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問

13、代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主 語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如: 1.用作句子的成分。1) I don ft know what to try next.(作賓語）2) Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語）2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句。1) What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there

14、?九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定 式的否定式是not / never do.女:1. They decide not to talk to each other.2. His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.隨堂練習(xí)動(dòng)詞填空。1.1 ' m going to listen to the radio. Please (not talk ) any more. 2.The stude nts (do) their homework from four to f

15、ive this after noon.3. The stude nts (be) busy now. They(have) an En glish exam nextMon day.4. Mary must(look ) after her little sister because she is too young.5. _ (he) you waiting for a bus now ?6. This coat is very cheap. I (take ) it now.7.1 1II tell him about it when he ( come back.8. Could yo

16、u tell me how_(can get) to No 3 Middle school.9. He said that the new teacher (give ) the students an Englishless on now.10. I (milk ) a cow three times.11. Edis on ' s mother(teach ) him herself12. He (watch) TV once a week.13. Don 11 speak loudly. The baby( sleep ).14.1 won 11 g o out untill (

17、finish ) my homework15. Could you tell me when the train(arrive ).16.1 ofte n hear the sound of childre n _(read) En glish in the room.17. He asked me _ (help ) him with his English this evening.18. Their work is(clean ) the streets.19. Did he enjoy (work ) in Chi na.(rain ) tomorrow.20. We will sta

18、y at home if it21. Be quiet ! The boy (sing) an En glish song.22. youyour homework yet (start) ?23. Who (teach ) them English last term.24. There (be) a telephone call for you just now.25. Please keep everything (clean ).26. Peter won 't have a rest until he(finish ) his work.27.1 watched TV , s

19、o I (forget) (do) my homework.28. When I (walk) along the river，丨 met my friend，Tom.29. When Mother came , the little girl(play ) with a cat.30. Whenl was five , I(get) to know the earth (move aroundthe sun.31 They(see) a boy (fall) into the river while they(pass ) it yesterday.32. (study ) hard at

20、your lessons and (not talk ) in class.33. You(have ) better (not eat) the bad food.34. While I (do ) my homework my parents _(watch) TV.35. He ( not finish ) (read) the book.36. 丨(get) up very early this morning. I (read) English now.37. He (hurry ) to school every morning.38. Our teacher (not stop

21、) (work ) until eleven o * clock lastn ight.39. If he (know) it ， he(be) very happy.40. It (take ) us half an hour (read) English every day.(run) in the street now.41 The childre n42. There (be) two meetings tomorrow morning.43. My father (sleep ) when I (get) up this morning.44. When I (go) to see

22、Tom , he (not write ) anything.45. Sorry，when you (call) me I (think ) and (not hear)you.46. Mr. Green (leave ) his notebook at home yesterday.47 I (want) to buy a new coat n ext Sun day.48. His father (read) n ewspaper whe n I got there.49. It (be) five years since he (buy) the motorbike.50. We fou

23、nd it was very difficult(get) a car.51. We are so glad(hear) the n ews.52.1 sawhim(cross) the road safely and (run)awa y.53. You can' t make him (do) what you want.54. I don ' t know where(meet) him.55. What makes you (think) I 1 m a farmer?56. Did you see him(go) upstairs?57.lt is better(pu

24、t) your money in a bank.58t is difficult for the boy(swim) across the river.59.1 let him(go) early as he wan ted(meet)his un cle at the stati on.60.Will you help me(move) the bed?61.lf he doesn4 know, how (use) the recorder, you'dbetter (show) him.62.He is the last one (leave) the office every day.63t 's bad manners (shout) in public.64.The boy is old eno ugh (dress) himself.65.She is too ill (go) to school.二選擇題1 Tell himthe windowA. to close not B. not to close C. to not close D. not close2. Paul doesn't have to be made. He a