高二寫(xiě)作講義李趙宏

1、高二英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作講義第一節(jié) 寫(xiě)作概述及如何審題1 寫(xiě)作概述英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作實(shí)際上就是用十幾個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子清楚、全面地表達(dá)出題目的指示與要求。從最簡(jiǎn)單也是最本質(zhì)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)作文主要由兩大因素構(gòu)成。一是句子，二是結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)是句子排列組合的方式。這種排列組合越符合邏輯，文章就越成功。而句子涉及到的是語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)。無(wú)論哪類(lèi)文體，寫(xiě)作都是萬(wàn)變不離其宗。保證清晰的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)在心，在遣詞造句上多下功夫，就一定能寫(xiě)出好文章。也正因此，寫(xiě)作需要的是平時(shí)多積累好詞好句，并且要時(shí)常進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，做到“拳不離手、曲不離口”。2 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 第五檔 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些

2、許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡量使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的 第四檔 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)雖漏掉1、2個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯量能滿(mǎn)足任務(wù)的要求語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因使用較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的 第三檔 基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿(mǎn)足任務(wù)的要求有一些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的

3、寫(xiě)作目的寫(xiě)作學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)顯然是要在第四檔和第五檔努力。這兩檔總結(jié)來(lái)看，得分點(diǎn)有三：第一，文章涵蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；第二，應(yīng)用較多高級(jí)詞匯、復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；第三，句間邏輯清晰緊湊，文章結(jié)構(gòu)合理。做到了這三點(diǎn)，才能贏得閱卷老師的青睞。由此還要回到我們第一點(diǎn)所講的，一是句子，二是結(jié)構(gòu)。那么怎樣安排好句子和結(jié)構(gòu)，組成結(jié)構(gòu)合理邏輯清晰的文章。后面都會(huì)給大家一一講解。3 審題拿到一個(gè)道英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作（書(shū)面表達(dá)）題，在遣詞造句謀篇之前，首先是審題。2010陜西卷：假定你是李華，你們學(xué)校和美國(guó)一所學(xué)校簽訂了教師交換協(xié)議。在過(guò)去的一年里，你們的老師是來(lái)自這所學(xué)校的Sue Wood,。不久前，他返回美國(guó)任教。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)

4、和要求給Sue寫(xiě)封電子郵件。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1.對(duì)他表達(dá)感謝之意。2.介紹他離開(kāi)后你自己和班里發(fā)生的事情。3.希望了解他的近況。要 求：1.短文必須寫(xiě)在答題卡的指定區(qū)域2.短文不少于100字（不包含已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好的部分）3.內(nèi)容充實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語(yǔ)意連貫4.內(nèi)容中不能體現(xiàn)本人真實(shí)信息第一，確定文體。提示性作文注意文章三段結(jié)構(gòu)，立論舉證及結(jié)論。應(yīng)用文要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)的表達(dá)?？磮D作文要注意故事連貫性及時(shí)態(tài)。這篇文章是要寫(xiě)電子郵件。第二抓住題目，確認(rèn)核心內(nèi)容。本篇題目的意思幾句就是給一位帶過(guò)課的老師寫(xiě)郵件，是很容易想象的生活情境。其實(shí)寫(xiě)作要求里的要點(diǎn)未列出我們也容易想到要表達(dá)感謝及介紹近況，并期待下次見(jiàn)面等通俗內(nèi)容。第

5、三，看完題目時(shí)心中要有數(shù)：三段都寫(xiě)什么，大致文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是個(gè)什么樣子。（主張文章的三段論，邏輯清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)完整）需要說(shuō)明的是，主張寫(xiě)作時(shí)打個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的草稿，寫(xiě)下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)或重點(diǎn)句型。在時(shí)間充分的條件下，在我們平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作學(xué)習(xí)中要鍛煉的是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言輸出的質(zhì)量，目標(biāo)是在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候心中有數(shù)，提筆成文。范文：Dear Sue,I'm Li Hua, one of your students in China. It's almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did

6、 during the past year.   Thanks to you help, we are now quite interested in English study, especially oral English. Every one tries to practice English in our daily life. Last week, an English Speaking Contest was held and I got the second price, which I can't even imagine before.

7、 The public service, helping the orphans in the nearby orphan house, which was held by you at the beginning is now going on well. We decide to offer our service there once a month.   How is everything with you lately? We hope to know more about you and your American students. Please keep i

8、n touch with us. We are looking forward to your return next year.   With best regards,                                  

9、                             Li Hua范文分析：1. 本次考題選取了應(yīng)用文中最常見(jiàn)的書(shū)信，所以請(qǐng)注意格式。2. 考題的內(nèi)容延續(xù)陜西考區(qū)特點(diǎn)，貼近中學(xué)生生活，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)給出，考生需要部分發(fā)揮。前幾年考的都是議論文，今年將書(shū)信和記敘相結(jié)合，所以要注意時(shí)態(tài)變化。3. 寫(xiě)作中的一些固定表達(dá)要注意，

10、這是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作規(guī)范化的重要體現(xiàn)：be grateful for, be interested in, at the beginning, offer ones service, look forward to 等。4. 注意句子多樣化豐富化的原則。We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did during the past year. 賓語(yǔ)從句Last week, an English Speaking Contest was held and I got the second price, which I cant even im

11、agine before. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，定語(yǔ)從句。The public service, helping the orphans in the nearby orphan house, which was held by you at the beginning is now going on well. 同位語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句。 為什么說(shuō)這是一篇好范文：第一，文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)完整，內(nèi)容流暢自然。第二運(yùn)用較多高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。4 書(shū)寫(xiě)要求要注意語(yǔ)法，標(biāo)點(diǎn)，拼寫(xiě)，格式等等，切莫小看了這些環(huán)節(jié)，避免小的失誤會(huì)讓閱卷者對(duì)同學(xué)們有一個(gè)好的印象，這對(duì)獲得高分至關(guān)重要。滿(mǎn)分作文是允許有輕微錯(cuò)誤的。第一，卷面要

12、整潔，字跡要清楚應(yīng)細(xì)心書(shū)寫(xiě)，便于別人閱讀。大寫(xiě)字母應(yīng)稍大于也稍高于小寫(xiě)字母，a和o、a和cl、d和cl、 u和v、n和u要分清。在逗號(hào)后空出約一個(gè)字母的間隔，在句號(hào)后則空出約兩個(gè)字母的間隔。如要?jiǎng)澣ヒ粋€(gè)詞，不能用括號(hào)把它括起來(lái)，因?yàn)槔ㄌ?hào)中的詞還是要的；而要用粗線(xiàn)把它涂掉，切勿把字抹黑。如要增加一個(gè)詞，應(yīng)加在已寫(xiě)的一行詞上面，不要加在下面，還要用清楚的符號(hào)表明加在何處。第二 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用要正確結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，不論長(zhǎng)短，后面都打句號(hào)。不要用逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)并列從句；應(yīng)用逗號(hào)加連詞，或用分號(hào)。例：My mother is a teacher, and my father is a lawyer.第三 專(zhuān)

13、用名詞的拼寫(xiě)要正確。人名、地名、 國(guó)名。第四 單詞拼寫(xiě)要正確第五 格式要正確（大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)題、書(shū)信、日記、通知等）5 遣詞：高級(jí)原則 轉(zhuǎn)換原則 修飾原則高級(jí)原則：顧名思義是在作文中選擇相對(duì)高級(jí)的詞匯，也就是說(shuō)要精益求精。例如在當(dāng)今社會(huì)“搜索信息”是上網(wǎng)的重要目的之一，在翻譯這個(gè)詞組的時(shí)候很多學(xué)生想到的是look for information.然而仔細(xì)思考發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)詞組我們也學(xué)過(guò)的，就是search for和hunt for。前者是搜尋很簡(jiǎn)單，后者可直譯為獵取。在這里用在“搜索信息”上恰當(dāng)又生動(dòng)。例：English is an important tool for people to commu

14、nicate around the world.importantcrucial, essential, significant, of importance I think-I believe, suspect, guess, From my point of view, As far as I am concerned, From my perspective, etc.例：I like reading while my brother likes watching TV. enjoy, prefer, be fond of, care for, be interested in.例：at

15、tract one's attentioncapture ones attention causeresult in; lead to; bring about helpfulbeneficial; 轉(zhuǎn)換原則：部分考生看到他們不熟悉的表達(dá)方式就開(kāi)始頭暈眼花了。這時(shí)，如果考生能夠想到“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”即“不會(huì)說(shuō)的繞著說(shuō)，沒(méi)把握的換著說(shuō)”，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)“柳暗花明又一村”的境地離自己是如此地近。把生澀的表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換成我們?nèi)菀渍莆盏暮?jiǎn)單表達(dá)法。例如：編輯文本它無(wú)非就是對(duì)我們之前的文章進(jìn)行修改，如果考生不會(huì)edit，馬上想到近一點(diǎn)的change,或者是correct 甚至是perfect 都可以。例：“時(shí)

16、尚達(dá)人”可以說(shuō)the person who is always fashionable例：2010全國(guó)卷（二） 招聘外教，授課對(duì)象：高中生（三年英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)） have at least three years of English learning experience.我們會(huì)在具體的作文演練中講這種方法。修飾原則：我們知道英語(yǔ)中有個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法修飾規(guī)則就是：形容詞+名詞；副詞+形容詞。這是英語(yǔ)作文中的一大法寶。它可以用來(lái)充分的描述對(duì)象或或表達(dá)情感。例，crowed(擁擠的)前可加rather、quite形容程度 effective(有效的)前可加most, extremely, extraor

17、dinarily等Allen is a basketball player. Allen is a good basketball player.(用形容詞說(shuō)明這位學(xué)生的特點(diǎn)) Allen is an excellent basketball player. (運(yùn)用高級(jí)法則換形容詞) Allen is an extremely basketball player. (運(yùn)用副詞extremely修飾excellent,表現(xiàn)出極其優(yōu)秀的特質(zhì))第二節(jié) 句子詞匯是文章的最基本元素，而句子是是表現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)容的基本形式?？荚囎魑闹袨閷W(xué)生增分添彩的很多程度上也都是在句子中體現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，所以句子的水平和質(zhì)量很

18、大程度上決定了文章的水平和成色。那么什么樣句型的使用會(huì)獲得加分呢？這里首先不得不提倒裝句。1倒裝句N(xiāo)ot onlybut also 不僅，而且例：He has made great progress in his study. And he is willing to help others. - Not only has he made great progress in his study but also he is willing to help others.例：我們不僅應(yīng)該在課堂上認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講，而且應(yīng)該經(jīng)常練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 We should listen carefully/attent

19、ively at class and practice speaking English frequently. Not only should we listen attentively at class, but also practice speaking English frequently.Only狀語(yǔ)置于句首，主句倒裝 只有。（表強(qiáng)調(diào)）例：He will come to see me when he is free. Only when he is free will he come to see me.只有他有空時(shí)才來(lái)看我。 We can get along (well) wit

20、h each other in this way. Only in this way can we get along well with each other.只有這樣我們才能好好相處。So置于句首+that（這部分不變） 太。以至于這個(gè)句型是由sothat句型轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)。并且意思并沒(méi)有變，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)了“太?！钡牟糠帧＠篐e ran so fast that I can not catch up with him. So fast did he run fast that I can not catch up with him. She is so tired recently that he

21、r parents worry about her health. So tired is she recently that her parents worry about her health.我們?cè)诟呖碱}中實(shí)際演練一下倒裝句。注意在文章中運(yùn)用和掌握。2010重慶卷：我搭航班回國(guó)后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)行李箱丟失，寫(xiě)信給航空公司請(qǐng)求尋找。這篇文章很顯然可以很輕松的用到倒裝句型。So在句首：I was so careless that I lost my suitcase during the flight.So careless was I that I lost my suitcase during

22、the flight.Only在句首I found my suitcase lost when I came back to my home.Only when I came back to my home did I find my suitcase lost.2 強(qiáng)調(diào)句第一，do/does/did + 動(dòng)詞原形這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)再簡(jiǎn)單不過(guò)了，只要記得在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤綉?yīng)用，就有好效果。例如：He did try his best.他確實(shí)努力過(guò)了。 I do understand your situation. 我確實(shí)理解你的情況。第二，It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who +句子其他成分

23、強(qiáng)調(diào)句使用與否對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及意思沒(méi)有影響，只是加上了一個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu)，把這個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，句子完整，意思不變。例：It was because he drove carelessly that he had the accident.正是因?yàn)樗恍⌒鸟{駛，才發(fā)生了事故。 Tom and Peter are responsible for the failure. It is Tom and Peter who are responsible for the failure.注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)詞組，也可以是一個(gè)從句。除了強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)用who外，其他時(shí)候都用that 引導(dǎo)。2010廣東卷：給

24、學(xué)校英語(yǔ)墻報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇通訊，關(guān)于中國(guó)政府決定公共場(chǎng)所禁煙。在說(shuō)到煙的害處的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)想到這樣一個(gè)句子：It is second-hand smoke that does a lot harm to peoples health. 2010浙江卷：寫(xiě)一篇班級(jí)之星李越為班級(jí)體辦事的事跡的報(bào)道。She dose deserve the honor and we should learn from her.3 it作形式主語(yǔ)為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使表達(dá)方便，我們常用It來(lái)代替真正的主語(yǔ)放在句首。It句型是一種很地道，也很實(shí)用的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式。第一，It + is/was +形容詞/名詞（短語(yǔ)）+ (for s

25、b.)不定式/主語(yǔ)從句例：It is necessary to use a dictionary to learn English.用辭典學(xué)英語(yǔ)很必要。It is important for you to attend the meeting It is obvious that she has been lying about her identity.很顯然，她隱瞞了自己的身份。It is a pity that you missed the exciting basketball ball match.第二，It is/was +形容詞+ of sb to do sth. (當(dāng)該形容詞指

26、代人的品質(zhì)，如kind, careful, nice, stupid, clever, considerate, friendly 等，用of)例：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.第三，It+be +said/announced/believed/hoped/reported/proved等+主語(yǔ)從句例：It is reported that thousands of people were killed in Japans earthquake.第四，It +不及物動(dòng)詞（seem/appear/happen/remain等）+

27、主語(yǔ)從句注意：沒(méi)有Be！例：It remains a question whether he agrees or not. It seems that he was not surprised at all.2010江蘇卷：英語(yǔ)學(xué)生座談會(huì)發(fā)言稿。開(kāi)篇就可以寫(xiě)到：It is a great pleasure for me to share my experience of learning English with you.2009全國(guó)卷（一）：給美國(guó)朋友寫(xiě)信介紹前門(mén)大街改建情況。提供交通情況的要點(diǎn)是公共汽車(chē)17、69、59，地鐵二號(hào)線(xiàn)。顯然改建好的前門(mén)大街交通很發(fā)達(dá)，于是就有了這樣的句子：It

28、s very convenient to get there by bus.4 with 結(jié)構(gòu)第一， with + sb/sth +形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)例如：He is used to sleeping with the windows open. She left the room with all the lights on. He walked into the dark street with a stick in his mind.第二， with + sb/sth +動(dòng)詞不定式（表將來(lái)）/doing(表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)/done(表被動(dòng)、完成)例：With so much work

29、to do, I have no time for a holiday. We found the house with the boy leading the way. With all the things she needed tonight, she went home happily.5 狀語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)常用表達(dá)第一，表原因：在幾乎各種文體中都極其常用，注意多樣化的表達(dá)。例：Because of the heavy rain, we were late.as a result of, due to, owing to, thanks to第二， as long as 只要 + 從句例：

30、As long as we work with a strong will, we will conquer any difficulties.第三， the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)例：The more you give, the more you get. The busier he is, the happier he feels.6非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)常用表達(dá)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上幾乎是獨(dú)立的，在形式上通過(guò)關(guān)系詞與主句相連。不能用that引導(dǎo)。從句與主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。第一， 一般用于對(duì)主句某一部分的描述。例：I like to chat with John, who is a cle

31、ver fellow. Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. Xian, where he met his wife, is a city full of historical events. 第二，which 引導(dǎo)。這是書(shū)面表達(dá)中最好用的句式之一。句子可以解釋為一種行為引起了某種后果。例：He did well in the English speaking contest, which made his teacher very happy. She practices oral English with a foreign frie

32、nd every day, which sets an excellent example for all her classmates. 第二，關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)的非限定從，指代逗號(hào)后面整個(gè)句子，常出現(xiàn)在固定表達(dá)中，也可看作是插入語(yǔ)，是很地道的表達(dá)。例：as we all known/as is known to all 眾所周知 as we expected/as is planned 正如預(yù)料、計(jì)劃的那樣 as is mentioned above, 正如上面所說(shuō) as is reported,據(jù)報(bào)道第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)句銜接和提示性作文1 提示性作文提示性作文在高考寫(xiě)

33、作中較普遍。題目給出了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。一般同學(xué)們只要符合邏輯去表達(dá)這些要點(diǎn)就可以了。提示性作文中包含了議論文.其他的基本屬于應(yīng)用文。我們?cè)谶@里首先討論議論文的部分。它是提示性作文中比較有創(chuàng)造力的一類(lèi)。一般分為三個(gè)部分提出中心論題；論證過(guò)程；結(jié)論、評(píng)價(jià)、建議等。引出主題： 引出討論主題或提出自己觀點(diǎn)。正文論證部分： 觀點(diǎn)A，論據(jù)；觀點(diǎn)B，論據(jù) 結(jié)論部分： 提出整理傾向與哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，總結(jié)自己的結(jié)論。（2008陜西卷書(shū)面表達(dá)）某天，你班貼出了一張通知。請(qǐng)根據(jù)通知、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)和要求寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1. 你對(duì)“周五讀報(bào)活動(dòng)”的看法：2. 陳述你的理由(可舉例說(shuō)明)：3. 你的具體建議。 要求：1.

34、短文填寫(xiě)在答題卡的指定區(qū)域2. 短文詞數(shù)不少于80(不含已寫(xiě)好的部分)3. 內(nèi)容充實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語(yǔ)意連貫。4. 快寫(xiě)須清楚、工整。NoticeOur monitor suggests that we have “Friday News Hour”. But some classmates do not agree. We will have a class meeting in English tomorrow afternoon to discuss this suggestion. Please prepare your talk and take an active part. May

35、6th, 2008Dear fellow students, Our monitor suggests that we have “Friday New Hour”. I think that it is a good idea. Everyone knows that we are busy all day. Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad, let alone what we can do for our country. By reading newspapers we can get more in

36、formation about the world outside. So I think “Friday New Hour” can broaden our mind and enrich our school life. Whats more, it will help us improve our reading skills. As for my suggestion, I think its better to have it twice a week. And we should make a choice about what well read. I am sure every

37、one will benefit a lot from this activity.（2009年陜西卷書(shū)面表達(dá)）在一個(gè)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇上，一個(gè)名叫Grown-up的中學(xué)生發(fā)帖覺(jué)得母親總把自己當(dāng)小孩，求助其他網(wǎng)友給些建議看怎樣解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)帖子內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)和要求回貼。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1.告訴Grown-up要理解母親；2.給Grown-up提出解決問(wèn)題的具體建議。要求：1.短文需寫(xiě)在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。 2.短文詞數(shù)不少于80（不含已寫(xiě)好的部分）。 3.內(nèi)容充實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語(yǔ)意連貫。 4.書(shū)寫(xiě)須清晰、工整。Hi，Grown-up，As a student of your age. I underst

38、and your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.First, its advisable to talk more with your mom. Heart to heart talks help you understand each others better. They are al

39、so opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grown-up”, Its even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.Hope my ideas wi

40、ll work.核心問(wèn)題是母親總把自己當(dāng)小孩，求助其他網(wǎng)友給些建議解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。這篇文章開(kāi)頭需要簡(jiǎn)單引出這些建議。結(jié)尾則要送一些祝福希望他和媽媽能解決這種矛盾。正文部分是主體，也是著重要講的部分。首先要有一個(gè)brainstorming,列出有可能的建議，如：Heart to heart talks, letting her know your ideas and attitudes toward many things； To learn to do your own things well, and share more of the housework, proving that you

41、are already a “Grown-up” ；Making decisions and overcoming difficulties by yourself, not depend on your mother；Nothing can compare with the love from mother.在取舍這些建議的時(shí)候要遵循三個(gè)原則：1 重心在前2 條理清晰3 間接說(shuō)明，避免打擊很顯然，在開(kāi)篇要點(diǎn)中一定要寫(xiě)對(duì)母親的理解。主體部分在把這些建議部分確定后，就需要用我們上面學(xué)過(guò)的遣詞造句謀

42、篇銜接了。下面是一篇優(yōu)秀文章：Dear Grown-up ,    I have read about your complaint that your mother always treats you as a seven-year-old boy , which makes you feel uncomfortable because you will enter college this coming fall. As to your problem, I have several suggestions to put forward as follows.

43、    To begin with（Initially）, you should try to understand your mother, whose intention is to care for you. Just as a famous person says, “Nothing can compare with the love from mother.” In addition (Apart from this), communicating properly with your mother contributes to solving the

44、problem. The more you communicate with her, the better you will understand each other. Finally, it is encouraged to resort to your friends or classmates when you have quarrel with your mother.    I do hope what I mentioned above can help you. Only by doing so, can you be friend with y

45、our mother soon. Do you agree with me?                                           

46、0;                    Yours，                             

47、60;                                  Li Hua議論文中除了自己觀點(diǎn)符合題意外，最重要的就是邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，這些體現(xiàn)了論證文章整體三段以及論證過(guò)程的層次性。借此我們也來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下篇章的語(yǔ)句的銜接。 2 語(yǔ)句銜接一個(gè)段落就是一個(gè)句群組合，由

48、若干句子組成,句子由小句組成。句子之間的連接必須自然連貫。而要實(shí)現(xiàn)上下文的銜接和連貫，必須采用過(guò)渡語(yǔ)連接句子形成句群。在一個(gè)段落中，句子的地位不同，順序也自然不同，有先有后，自然搭配。要想寫(xiě)出漂亮的文章，僅僅在句子上下功夫是不夠的。我們需要學(xué)習(xí)銜接與連貫的表達(dá)方法。第一，使用連詞進(jìn)行過(guò)渡 （連詞與副詞搭配可以是句子行云流水般流暢）例：Tom had a little toy bear. He liked it very much. He went to school and took it. One day Tom lost his toy on his way back home. He d

49、idnt find it. He was very sorry. His sister knew it and bought a new toy bear for him. Tom was happy. He has a new friend. 修改： Tom had a little toy bear and he liked it very much. he always took it with him, even when he went to school. One day Tom lost his toy on his way back home and he couldnt fi

50、nd it. How sad he felt ! After her sister knew it, she bought him a new one. Tome felt happy and smiled, because he got a new friend.并列連詞： and, as well as, both and , or, either or, nor, neither nor, not only, but (also); not only, but as well; and then. but, however, yet 從句連詞： after, when, before,

51、as, while, since, until; if, even if, whether; because; so that/ in order that; as soon as, as long as, . that （名詞從句）; 第二，使用插入語(yǔ)過(guò)渡 1、插入語(yǔ)拓展句子 例： Tom speaks Chinese very well. Whats more / In addition/ Besides, he is good at math. Zhanghua likes sports very much. And he is good at some sports. For exam

52、ple/For instance, he is a football star in our school team and an excellent badminton player. 2、插入語(yǔ)銜接上下文，形成連貫的句群 例如： Our monitor is a girl. She is responsible for her work and takes good care of classmates. She studies hard. She is good at all subjects. Her math is especially good. She likes sports.

53、 She is a key member of our volleyball team. She has set us a good example. 修改稿: As we all know, our monitor is a good girl, who is responsible for her work and cares much of her classmates. She studies so hard that she is good at all subjects, especially math. Whats more/ In addition/ Besides, she

54、likes sports very much and she is a key member of our volleyball team. In a word, she has set us a good example.3 議論文開(kāi)頭：I have several suggestions to put forward as follows There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. _ has become a hot topic among people，especially

55、 among the young and heated debates are right on their way. _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.論證主體：First of all, to begin with, initially, In addition, Apart from this, moreover,

56、 besides, Some people think that_On the contrary, there are some people in favor of _. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_ We should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing，_For another, _ It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _. In addi

57、tion_. 論文結(jié)尾：all in all, in total, in conclusion, to sum up. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of Only in this way can in the future. 附：必須熟練使用的插入語(yǔ)句首插入語(yǔ) to begin with; first of all

58、 = above everything else; as you know, as we all know, as is known; 結(jié)尾插入語(yǔ) （總結(jié)） therefore / thus; all in all / in a word/ to sum up ; in brief ( in short); in other words 引出細(xì)節(jié)的插入語(yǔ) (on / upon) seeing . / at the sight of . ; (on/ upon) hearing .; at the thought of compared with .; from the table / chart/ pictures above we know/ see/ find . As is reported; as is believed