直接引語和間接引語用法講解

1、直接引語和間接引語用法（完整版）一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語（direct speech）。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語（indirect speech）。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號，間接引語不用引號，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。Mr. Black said, "I'm busy .布菜克先生說:我很忙”（直接引語）Mr. Black said that he was busy .布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語）從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對直接引語中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變

2、化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了 he, am則改成了 was?，F(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題，分述如下：二、直接引語是陳述句時(shí)直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞 that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前 用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、 人稱的變化直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化?？谠E如下：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新?！耙浑S主”即把直接引語中的第一人稱（如：I, me , my, mine , we, us, our, ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱?！岸S賓”即把直接引語中的第

3、二人稱（you, your, yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語（即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會人為確定一個(gè)人稱）相一致的人稱?！暗谌朔Q不更新”即直接引語中的第三人稱（he,him , his, she, her, hers,it, its,they,their , theirs , them）變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。一隨主：He said , I like it very much."他說：我非常喜歡它”t He saidthat he liked it very much.他說他非常喜歡它。（I 改為 he, it 不變） They said，”ur parents

4、often go shopping with us. ”TThey said their pare nts ofte n go shopp ing with them.二隨賓：He said, You told me this story.他說：你給我講過這個(gè)故事。”THe said that I had told him that story.他說我給他講過那個(gè)故事。（You 改為 I, me 改為 him, told 改為 had told） She said to Mary ,"How is your brother now ”TShe asked Mary how her b

5、rother was the n.第三人稱不更新：He said to me, She" Sft her book in your room"他對我說：她把書放在你的房間里 去了。He told me that she had left her book in my room.他對我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。（She' s宀 she had, her 不變，your my Mr White said, "Hand is a good worker. ”Mr White said Hand was a good worker.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接

6、引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要作出相應(yīng)的變化,當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為一般過 去時(shí)，從句必須為過去時(shí)的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。即"主過從過，主現(xiàn)從 任"。情態(tài)動詞也要變成相應(yīng)的過去式：Can could; may might; must must/had to(1 )主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(不變)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí),動詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表:如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí), 從句的謂語

7、動詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí) He said, “ I usuallyitch TV on Sun day. ”說：我常在星期天看電視 ”。t He said that he usually watched TV on Sun day 他說他常在星期天看電視。 He said, m using the knife.他說：我正在用小刀?！眛 He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在用小刀。 She said, have not heard from him since May.她說：自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。t She s

8、aid that shehad not heard from him si nee May.她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。 He said,"came to help you.他說： 我來幫助你?！眛 He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。 He said, h!d finished my homework before supper.'他說：晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。t He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。 Zhou L

9、an said, II do it after class.周蘭說：下課后我就去做?！眛 Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。 He said, §h all be doing my homework then."他說： 那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。t He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。 He said, “Wall have finished the work by that time. 他說： 我們將在那時(shí)以前

10、完成工作。 t He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接 引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 The teacher said,“The eartbund.老師說： 地球是圓的。”t The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓的。 He said, ws born in Shangdong in 1965.他說：我 1965 年生于山東?！眛 He said

11、that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.他說他 1965 年生于山東。 He said,“Columbdiscovered America in 1492.他說：哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。”t He said Columbusdiscovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。(2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變 He says, finished the work.他說： 我做完工作了。 ”He says that he finished

12、 the work.他說他做完工作了。 He will say, havewatered the flowers.他會說： 我己經(jīng)澆花了。 ”He will say he has watered the flowers.他會說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的相應(yīng)變化見下表：直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語nowthentodaythat dayto ni ghtthat ni ghtthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the w

13、eek (month)beforetwo weeks (mon th)agotwo weeks (mon ths)beforetomorrowthe next dayn ext week (month)the next week (month)地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動詞comegobringtakeHe said, “I met Mr. Smithis morning."他說 我今天早晨見到史密斯了。He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了。 He said,“We went to the cinem

14、gesterday ."他說：我們昨天去電影院了?！眛 He said they had gone to the cinema the day before . 他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫恕?Lily said, “I will come hnaok month ."莉莉說：我下個(gè)月回來?！眛 Lily said that she would go back the next month .莉莉說她下一個(gè)月就回去。 He said,“It is nine o'cloobw .'他說：現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了。”t He said that it was nine o'

15、;clock then .他說那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了。 He said,“I havtesifeen her today .'他說:今天我沒見到她。”t He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day .他說那天他沒有見到她。 She said, “I went theyesterday .她說：昨天我去了那兒?！眛 She said that she had gone there the day before .她說前一天她去了那兒。 She said, “I'll go thetoamorrow .'她說：明天我將去那兒。”t She

16、 sad that she would go there the next day .她說第二天她將去那兒。 He said,“My sister where three days ago.'他說：三天前我妹妹在這兒?！眛 He said that his sister had been there three days before .他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(here t there;ago t before) She said, “I wome here this evening.她說：今晚我將來這兒?！眛 She said that she would go there tha

17、t evening.她說那晚她將去那兒。(comeT go; here t there;this t that以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。 直接引語中的一般過去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，間接引語的一般過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Father said,“I am frees afternoon "父親說：我今天下午有空?！眛 Father said that he was free this af

18、ter noon . 父親說他今天下午有空。 He said, “I am goitiigpre tomorrow .'他說 我明天去那里?！盚e said that he was going there tomorrow . 他說他明天去那里。巧記：當(dāng)直接引語為陳述句，主句為過去時(shí)，變成間接引語的“順口溜”是：去掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)定。She said :'My brother doesn ' want to go there. ”TShe said that her brother didn 'twant to co

19、me here.三、直接引語是疑問句時(shí)直接引語如為疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)，須將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序。其人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if(或whether)替引號，陳述語序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語要變化，千萬別把它忘掉。1、直接引語是一般問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語的賓語從句。如果主句中的謂語動詞為said，則將其改為asked。如果謂語動詞后沒有間接賓語，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her,them, us 等。 She said, Is your father an engineer 她說：你父親是工程師嗎”t Shea

20、sked me whether my father was an engineer.她問我說我父親是否是工程師。 The teacher said to Li Min g, H'ave you finished your homework 老師對李明說：你做完作業(yè)了嗎”t The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問李明是否已做完作業(yè)了。2、直接引語是特殊問句如果直接引語為特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問句中的疑問詞what, where, whe n, who,how many作為連接詞將

21、其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語中的賓語從句，但須將疑問式的動詞改為陳述式。如果主 句中的謂語動詞為 said，則將其改為asked。 What do you do every Sunday morning ” my friendaid to me.我的朋友問我說，每星期天上午你做什t My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.我的朋友問我每星期天上午我做什么。 Where have you been , Li Mi ng "the teachasked.老師問道：你上哪里去了，李明 ”t The teacher asked Li Mi

22、 ng where he had been .老師問李明曾去過哪兒。 I asked her, HoW many English books will you read next term "我問她說：下學(xué)期你將讀多少本英語書”t i asked herhow many English books she would read the next term.我問她下學(xué)期將讀多少本英文書。 When did you get up this morning” asked my fath我父親問道：今天早晨你什么時(shí)候起床的”t My father asked me when I had go

23、t up that morning. 我父親問我那天早晨我是什么時(shí)候起床的。注意： 直接引語里是： What's wrong with /What's the matter /What's the trouble/What has happe ned/等特殊疑問句時(shí)，間接引語的語序不變。He said to her What'' s the matter with you 他問她"你怎么了 ”He asked her what was the matter with her . 他問她怎么了。四、直接引語是祈使句當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語

24、要用"tell sb. (not) to do sth."結(jié)構(gòu)。The teacher said to her mother , "Please give me the book. ”TThe teacher told her mother to give her the book.巧記：去掉引號要加 to ; ask, order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要使祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有 plea

25、se 一詞，改為間接弓 I語時(shí)，就將 please 去掉。成為： told (asked, ordered, warn ed)some one (not) to do someth ing結(jié)構(gòu)。 He said, “Sit down, please.他說： 請坐?！眛 Heasked me to sit down . 他讓我坐下。 The teacher said,“Don' t tiaikslass!老師說：上課不要講話! ”t The teacher told us not to talk in class!老師要我們上課不要講話。 The captain said to his

26、men,"Fir上尉對他的士兵們說開火！ ”t The captain ordered his men to fire .上尉命令他的士兵們開火! The policeman said to the children, Don'tplay football in the middle of the street.警察對孩子們說：別 在馬路中間踢足球?！备婧⒆觽儾灰猼 The policema n warned the childre n n ot to play football in the middle of the street. 警察警 在馬路中間踢足球。五、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)

27、I改錯：said that he is going to London.said they had fini shed the job yesterday.asked me don ' t smoke in the room.asked that he was there.asked you where was he going.teacher told us not talk any more.doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.asked me who I am.said that she would see you tomorrow.

28、asked what the matter was.II.將下列句子改為間接引語1.“ Where will you go tomorrow” , Mother asked me.old woman said to me,“ Please lock the door for me.”boy told his teacher," We went to an exhibiti on yesterday.”said, a I'll go to the stati on to see off a frie nd of mine this after noon.5.“ Hello,how are you ” , he said to me.said to me angrily,“ Why don ' t you tell me you have been he