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1、人教版八年級英語上冊知識總結(jié)人教版八年級英語上時態(tài)講義 及練習(xí)時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一.動詞變化:一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞原形表示,但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s, 另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。在加詞尾-s時要注意:情況加法例詞一般情況加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x,或o收尾的加-esteaches, washes, guesses詞fixes, goes以“本有音字母+y”結(jié)尾的變y為i再加-estry tries carry carries詞二.一般現(xiàn)在時表示:表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),例如:He' s twelve.(2)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與o

2、ften, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的時間狀語連用 .例如:I go to school every day.(3)表示主語具備的性格和能力,例如:She likes apple.(4)表示客觀、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six.三句型1 .肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be動詞/行為動詞+賓語/表語(1)行為動詞:a.主語為第一、二人稱、復(fù)數(shù)人稱時(I, you, we, they, the boys),主語+動 詞原形+賓語。They go to school every day.b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(

3、it, he,she, Lily),主語+動詞s/es+l語。Lily often likes singing.(2)系動詞(be): 中語+系動詞 +表語oI am. They/We/You are He/She/It is 2 .否定句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be動詞/行為動詞+賓語/表語(1)行為動詞:a.主語為第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱時,一語 +don' t動詞原形。They don ' t go to school every day.b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,語 +doesn' t動詞原形。Lily doesn ' t like singing.(2)系動詞(be

4、):豐語+is/am/are后加not+表語I am not a worker.3 . 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞a.主語為第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱時,Do+they/we/you+動詞原形Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don )' t.b.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形t.)Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn(2) 系動詞(be): is/am/are+ 中語 +表語Are you a

5、 worker? (Yes, I am. No, I ' m not.)4.特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞(what, how often, which, where,who ) +一般疑問句? (1)行為動詞What do they do every day?How often does Peter go fishing?(2)系動詞(be):Who is the girl at that gate?一般過去時一.動詞變化:一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),在句中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達(dá)。構(gòu)成規(guī)則過去式一M在動詞末尾加-edwork plant playworked planted p

6、layed結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelive changeliked lived changed末尾只有一個車有音字母的 重讀閉音邛詞,先雙寫這 個車仔音字母,再加-edplan (計劃) stop dropplanned stopped dropped以本武音字母加y結(jié)尾的, 先變y為i再加-edcarry study crycarried studied cried二.一般過去時表示:(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).常與yesterday,last,ago, in1990等表示過去狀態(tài)的時間狀語連用, 如 What did you have for breakfast

7、 this morning?(2)表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,這時常和表示頻度的狀語 連用, 如 Last term we often did experiments.三.句型1 .肯定句結(jié)構(gòu): 行為動詞:主語+動詞的過去式The twins went to school two hours ago.(2)系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was They/We/You+were I was at home last night.2 .否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1) 行為動詞:主語+didn ' t+詞原形The twins didn ' t go to schoo

8、l two hours ago.(2)系動詞(be): 主語 +wasn't/weren 't+ 表語。I wasn ' t aibme last night.3 . 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:Did+為語+動詞原形?Did the twins go to school two hours ago?(Yes, they did. No, they didn ' t.)(2)系動詞(be): was/were+主語+表語 ?Were you at home last night?(Yes, I was. No, I was ' t.)4 .特殊疑問句

9、結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞(what, how often, which, where,who ) +一般疑問句?頻度副詞:通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,頻率副詞常放在行為動詞之前,系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。1 .常見的頻度副詞有:always (總是,一直)、usually (通常)、often (常常,經(jīng) 常)、sometimes (有時候)、never (從不)、hardly ever(幾乎從不)、every day(每 天)。2 .頻度副詞的位置:a.放在系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。David is often arrives late for school. 大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲至 U。b.放

10、在行為動詞前。We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在 7:10去上學(xué)。c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有時我步行回 家,有時我騎自行車。3 . every day 與 everydaya. every day 作狀語,譯為“每一天”。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天 7: 10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day. 我決

11、定每天讀英語。b. everyday作定語,譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity? 你的日?;顒邮鞘裁??練習(xí)1. How often _does your fatherdrink _(drink) wine?2. His mother _comes(come) to see him once a week.3. Her sister _will not stay(not stay) at home on Sundays.4.

12、Where _were(be) you last night?5. She exercises every day.劃線部分提問)_ How often_ _does she _ exercise ?6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改為否定句)Jim neverdoes_ his homework after school.7. He never goes fishing,does he?(完成反意疑問句 )8. He (go) _ goes to the park every day.9. _Do Lucy and Lily (li

13、ke) _ like China?10. Li Lei (not like ) _ doesn't like to drink orange soda.11. Did Li Ming ' s father (have) _ have_ his lunch at home?12. Everybody (have) _ has a chance to win.13. Did you make this cake last night? Yes. I did.14. Did Tom go home at five yesterday?No, he didn ' t . He

14、came home at six.15. What did you buy at the store? I bought a camera.16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _was.17. Where did you catch the fish? I it in the river near my house.18. When I (knock) at his door, he was cooking.19. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.20.1 f you w

15、ant to improve your spoken English, you must speak more English.A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一.動詞變化:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“ am /is /are +動詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。力口 -ing的規(guī) 則如下:(1) 一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing ostay staying listen listening work working look looking(2)以不發(fā)音的字母make makinggive giving please pleasing close cl

16、osingdo doing suffer suffering spend spendinge結(jié)尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing。 take takingride ridingrefuse refusingoperate operating第11頁共10頁(3)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加 -ing0put puttingsit sittingrun runningwin winningbegin beginning二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示:(1)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,這時可以不用時間狀語,也可以和nowat present, at the moment等時間狀

17、語連用。有時用一個動詞,如100k (看),listen(聽)。What are you reading now?Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.(2)表小當(dāng)前一段時期的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作They are working in a factory these days.More and more people are giving up smoking.(3)表示最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作,即可以用 來代替將來時。When are you leaving?Are you g

18、oing to Tibet tomorrow?三.句型1 .肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing例如:The boys are playing football now.2 .否定句結(jié)構(gòu):在is/am/are后加not例如:The boys aren ' t playing football now.3 . 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):把is/am/are提在主語前.例如:Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren' t.)4 .特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句一般將來時一.動詞變化:一般

19、將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。常與 tomorrow , next引導(dǎo)的短語(如next week),this 引導(dǎo)的短語(如 this year), from now on ; in the future 等連用。二.一般將來時的用法(1) Will/Shall+ 動詞原形表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。b. W川you be free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎?在一般將來時的句子中,有時有表示將來時間的狀語,有時沒有時間狀語,這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。如

20、:We ll only stay for two weeks.我們只待兩星期。在以第一人稱I或we作主語的問句中,一般使用助動詞shall,這時或是征求對方的意見,或是詢問一個情況:Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我們有課嗎?在這類問句中,近年來也有不少人用will,特別是在美國。例如:How will I get there? 我怎么去?(2) be going to+動詞原形表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。如:We are going to put up a building here.我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。表示即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。如:I think

21、 it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。There s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 這事肯定會有很多麻煩?!皐ill ”句型與“ be going to”句型區(qū)別。前者表示純粹將來,后者表示 打算、計劃、準(zhǔn)備做的事情,更強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的主觀意愿。如:Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我們打算游覽巴黎。(3)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 (如:go, come, leave, start, come,

22、go, arrive, reach 等), 可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。如:Uncle Wang is coming.王叔叔就要來了。They' re leving for Beijing. 他們即將前往北京。I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。(4)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。某些詞,如 come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay, live, fly 等的一般現(xiàn)在時也可 表示根據(jù)規(guī)定或時間表預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作.The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新學(xué)

23、期八月二十九日開學(xué)。He gets off at the next stop.他下站下車The train leaves at 12:00.火車 12 點開出。當(dāng)主句為將來時態(tài)或表示將來意義時,時間和條件的狀語從句必須用一般現(xiàn) 在時表將來。如:If it doesn ' t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic如果明天不下雨, 我們將出去野餐。Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。I ' ll write to her when I have time.我有空會給她寫信。(5) “b

24、e to動詞原形”和“be about to呦詞原形”表示將來?!癰e to動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如:Are we to go on with this work? 我們繼續(xù)干嗎?The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學(xué)。He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他將訪問日本。"be about to創(chuàng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作,意為:很快,馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。I am about to get up, mum. 媽

25、媽,我立亥U就起床。三.句型1 .肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):用于書面語:主語+will+動詞例如:We will come to see you tomorrow(2)用于口語: 中語 +am/is/are going to+ 動詞 例如:Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2 .否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語:在will后加not例如:We won ' t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won ' t)(2)用于口語:在is/am/are后加not.例如:Tom isn ' going to s

26、ee his uncle next Sunday.3 . 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語:把will提在主語前.例如:W川 you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won' t.)(2)用于口語:把is/am/are提在主語前.例如:Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?(Yes, he is. No, he isn ' t.)4 .特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?四.練習(xí)1. I (leave) in a minute. I (finish ) all my w

27、ork before I (leave).2. I (be) tired. I ( go) to bed early tonight.3. They( not have ) any classes next week.4. They(not leave) until you come back.5. There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be6. -you free tomorrow? No. I free the da

28、y after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will beD. am coming7. -Let ' s go out to play football, shall we? - OK. I A. will coming B. be going to come C. comeC. There can be D. There are8. a concert next Saturday?A. There will

29、 be B. Will there be9. If it tomorrow, weA. isn ' t rain B. won ' t rain'll gskating.C. doesn ' t rain D. doesn ' t fine10. W川 his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?-No,.A. they willn ' t.B. they won ' t. C. they aren ' t. D. they don ' t. 11. Th

30、e train at 11.A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 12. He there at ten tomorrow morning.A. will B. is C. will be D. be13.open the window?A. W川 you pleaseB. Please will you C. You please D. Do you14. Where is Miss Wang? She went to Hainan Island last week and will return

31、 six days.A. ago B. later C. behind D. in 15. - When again?-When he, I ' llt lyou know.A. he comes ;comesB. will he come;will comeC. he comes ;will he comeD. will he come;comes時態(tài)練習(xí)題()1 -He came early this morning, didn't he?-Yes, he did. He often to school early.A. come B. comes C. came D. h

32、as come()2 The sun in the east and in the west.A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set()3. -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim?-So do I, but my sister.A. hasn't B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't()4 -That ten pound note belongs to me.A. Yes,

33、 it belongs B. No, it doesn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't ()5 She will go if it tomorrow.A. isn't rain B. don't rain C. doesn't rain D. didn't rain()6 -he to work on foot?-Yes, he.A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is ()7 How it in English?A. yo

34、u say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk()8 you how to get the bus stop?A. Have; know B. Do; know C. Are; knowing ' D. /; know()9. I what the old man said is right.A. am thinking B. is thought C. think D. thought()10. Could you ring me up as soon as he?A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives

35、D. will arrive()11. Our classes at 7: 30 tomorrow morning.A. begin B. begins C. is beginning D. were beginning()12. The train at five this afternoon.A. leave B. leaving C. leaves D. are leaving()13. The train from Tianjin an hour ago.A. arrived B. has arrived C. was arriving D. arrived at()14. He li

36、ved there before he to China.A. come B. comes C. came D. coming()15. A girl the wallet and.A. found; turns it in B. would find; has turned in itC. found; turned it in D. has found; turned in it ()16. I the blackboard but nothing on it.A. looked at; saw B. have looked; sawC. saw; looked at D. was loo

37、king at; was seeing()17. When to learn English?A. does she begin B. did she begin C. has she begun D. she began()18. My younger brother the army 1990.A. joined; at B. joined; in C. has joined; in D. has joined; since()19. -Did you wait for your father very long?-Yes, I to bed until two in the mornin

38、g.A. did go B. didn't go C. had gone D. went()20. The students hardly studied the English language,they?A. did B. didn't C. were D. weren't()21. He came in,his coat and sat down.A. took down B. took off C. taking down D. taking off()22. When he was a child, he in the garden in the mornin

39、g.A. always plays B. always played C. plays always D. played always()23. He is good at maths and he hard.A. always study B. always is studying C. is always studying D. studies always ()24. When he was young he swim in the river.A. used B. used to C. uses D. use()25. Oh, you are here? I thought you o

40、n the playground.A. ran B. runs C. are running D. run()26. Look! An elephant this way.A. was coming B. is coming C. came D. comes()27. Be quiet! I'm trying to hear what the man.A. is saying B. has said C. will say D. says()28. Which car he when the accident happened?A. is; repairing B. was; repairing C. did; repair D. does; repair()29. I going to London next month.A. will think of B. am thinking of C. think of D. am thought of()30.We for Shanghai

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