2014考研英語(yǔ)：8種信函寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大總結(jié)

1、2014考研英語(yǔ)：8種信函寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大總結(jié) 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)  收藏 7 考研英語(yǔ)作文有小作文和大作文兩篇，而小作文內(nèi)容以書(shū)信式居多。英文書(shū)信主要分為兩大類：私人信函和公務(wù)信函。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書(shū)信；公務(wù)信函類型多樣，應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛，屬正式文體。1.信的基本類型英文書(shū)信主要分為兩大類：私人信函和公務(wù)信函。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書(shū)信，其內(nèi)容比較自由，只需要包括以下幾個(gè)部分即可：日期、稱呼、正文、落款。公務(wù)信函類型多樣，應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛，屬正式文體，包括求職信、辭職信、拒聘信、詢問(wèn)信、復(fù)詢信、留學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)信、投訴信、答復(fù)賠償信等。此類信件的共同特點(diǎn)是

2、：1.內(nèi)容明確，不可漫無(wú)目標(biāo)；2.措辭誠(chéng)懇，坦然，不能感情夸張；3.語(yǔ)言清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、有禮。從形式上看應(yīng)該側(cè)重考查公務(wù)信函，因?yàn)橹挥写祟愋藕判栌玫綍?shū)面語(yǔ)的正式語(yǔ)體。2.各類信函的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)以下主要針對(duì)公務(wù)信函，介紹幾種常見(jiàn)信函的基本特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于其他不同功能的信件，考生可以根據(jù)本書(shū)的介紹做到舉一反三。在備考階段，考生應(yīng)熟悉各類信函的書(shū)寫(xiě)模式及常用話語(yǔ)并加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。（1）求職信（Letters of Applying for a Job）通常包含三個(gè)部分：a)引言部分寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)信原因、具體謀求的職位、獲得申請(qǐng)信息的來(lái)源（如：報(bào)紙廣告、熟人介紹）等。b)發(fā)展部分?jǐn)⑹鲎约耗軌騽偃卧撀毼凰邆涞臈l件，包括教育背景

3、、工作經(jīng)歷、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等。這部分內(nèi)容要具體，不要空洞游說(shuō)或者列舉，用事實(shí)說(shuō)服會(huì)更有力。C)結(jié)尾部分再次表達(dá)對(duì)職位的渴望，爭(zhēng)取面試機(jī)會(huì)。如請(qǐng)求及時(shí)回信、希望當(dāng)面洽談、提供進(jìn)一步接觸的聯(lián)系方式或指出附件中有相關(guān)的證明文件等。求職信的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范、得體。其常用套語(yǔ)有：引言：I am writing to apply for the post of. advertised in.In answer to your advertisement in. for the post of. , I would like to apply for.I have learned from. (sb) of yo

4、ur opening/vacancy for. (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.發(fā)展：I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline).I receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of university) in (date).Since graduation, I have

5、 been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.)I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.結(jié)尾：Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present emplo

6、yer.If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.（2）辭職信（Letters of Resignation）正式的辭職信應(yīng)具備以下要素： a)受理者恰當(dāng)?shù)姆Q呼； b)辭職決定及其理由（如：未受公司重用或尊重，健康、家庭或個(gè)人原因，另覓一份更適合自己的工作等）； c)緩和氣氛的語(yǔ)句，如對(duì)原單位所給予工作機(jī)會(huì)以及提供的工作經(jīng)歷表示感謝，對(duì)因自己辭職而給對(duì)方帶來(lái)的不便表示歉意，表達(dá)對(duì)原單位的良好祝愿等等。需要注意的是：避免負(fù)面評(píng)論。不論什么原因，不要對(duì)你的公司政策、老板、管理人員、同事做任何負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。常用套語(yǔ)如下：稱

7、呼：Dear Mr. Smith（5）投訴信投投訴信是因?yàn)閷?duì)服務(wù)、商品等不滿而向諸如商店、廠家、消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)等相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)的信件。寫(xiě)此類信件時(shí)候，應(yīng)注意寫(xiě)信的目的不僅僅是表示不滿，更重要的是讓對(duì)方了解并解決你所遇到的問(wèn)題。因此投訴信的內(nèi)容可包括：1)反映問(wèn)題。比如應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明什么質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，并提供確切的發(fā)票，問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容要明確而具體。2)說(shuō)明由此問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的不便、比如時(shí)間或精神上的損失等，內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是。3)提出解決方案，賠償方法和方式等，所提出的要求要合理。4)結(jié)尾既要提出希望，比如要求對(duì)方盡快解決問(wèn)題，同時(shí)又要為對(duì)方做出的努力表示感謝，這樣對(duì)方才可能以積極的態(tài)度處理并解決你的問(wèn)題。投訴信的語(yǔ)氣要

8、堅(jiān)決，但注意禮貌用詞，不宜過(guò)分尖銳，敘述問(wèn)題時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。其常用套語(yǔ)有：引言：I am returning. which I bought from your store in. (time).I must complain about.發(fā)展：This has put us to great inconvenience.Therefore, I am returning. and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.結(jié)尾：We hope that you will understand our expectation of the

9、compensation for our damaged goods.I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to.（6）建議信建議信是寫(xiě)信人希望對(duì)解決問(wèn)題有所幫助而向相關(guān)部門或者個(gè)人寫(xiě)的信件，其主要目的是提出自己的意見(jiàn)，希望對(duì)方能夠采納并采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)。為了達(dá)到交際目的，所提建議要合理、可行、容易讓對(duì)方接受。除此之外還需要

10、注意語(yǔ)氣要和善，要與對(duì)方拉近距離而不可盛氣凌人。建議信的內(nèi)容一般包括：1）提出亟待解決的問(wèn)題；2） 分析造成問(wèn)題的原因；3）提出解決辦法。常用套語(yǔ)有：提出問(wèn)題：It seems that (not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention; be not satisfactory/ perfect; have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)I am (deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly) concerned / w

11、orried / sad / confused about分析原因：Currently, especially ;Therefore, ;This leads to; one of the factors is ;It is understood that ifit will.提出解決方法：In order to combat the growing problem of , should reduce/ increase/ ensure; I think it would be more beneficial if you could.; I think it would be helpfu

12、l to.（7）道歉信道歉信是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)未盡之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是：解釋的理由要真實(shí)而詳細(xì)，態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇、語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)摯，從而使收信人理解，并達(dá)到最終諒解。道歉信的內(nèi)容可包括：1）表示歉意并說(shuō)明道歉的事因；2）解釋自己的難處或苦衷；3）請(qǐng)求原諒或提出補(bǔ)救的方法。常用套語(yǔ)有：表達(dá)歉意：There's no excuse for I forgot to .I am indeed very sorry for , but believe I had no intention toHere is my deepest apology for .Please forgive me

13、 for 解釋苦衷：The fact is that I had / Unfortunately I / I had a small accident / I have some urgent business to deal with My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell you how 請(qǐng)求原諒提出補(bǔ)救方法：I want you to know how badly feel about and to assure you that it will not happen again.I realize that part

14、icular is irreplaceable, but I hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.I hope this situation can be mended to everyone's satisfaction.I can only hope you will forgive on my part.（8）感謝信感謝信的目的是感激對(duì)方為自己的付出，感激之情要傳達(dá)得真摯自然，不要刻意夸大。感謝信所涉及的內(nèi)容多種多樣，比如可以感謝對(duì)方替自己做了一件事情，在自己痛苦時(shí)安慰了自己，出席了自己的宴

15、會(huì)等等。其內(nèi)容包括：1）表達(dá)感激之情2）回顧事情的經(jīng)過(guò) 3）肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值以及對(duì)自己的影響，表達(dá)自己回報(bào)的愿望。常用套語(yǔ)有：表達(dá)感激之情：Thanks so much for；Abundant thanks to forI'm writing to express my heartfelt thanks for On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in I must write to thank you for inviting me to肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值及影響：You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your表達(dá)回報(bào)的愿望：I hope I can return the favor some