大體積混凝土測溫點(diǎn)布置原則

1、大體積混凝土測溫點(diǎn)布置原則: 一、大體積硅溫度的控制不僅要控制內(nèi)表溫差 （指硅中心最高溫度與之相對應(yīng) 的硅表面溫度之間的溫差）和表面溫差（指硅中心最高溫度相對應(yīng)的表面溫度 與環(huán)境溫度之間的溫差），更要控制硅的綜合降溫差（指硅內(nèi)部的平均降溫差） 和降溫速率（指硅中心溫度或表面溫度每天的降溫幅度）。二、硅的任一降溫差都可以分解為平均降溫差及非均勻降溫差，前者產(chǎn)生外約 束應(yīng)力，是產(chǎn)生貫穿性裂縫的主要原因，后者引起自約束應(yīng)力，主要引起表面 裂縫。非均勻降溫差主要是控制硅的內(nèi)表溫差。規(guī)范規(guī)定大體積硅的內(nèi)表溫差 應(yīng)控制在25攝氏度，該控制值是比較嚴(yán)格的，根據(jù)我們的工程實(shí)踐，該值可根 據(jù)工程實(shí)際情況適當(dāng)放寬

2、，這主要取決于硅的一些實(shí)際物理指標(biāo)，如：不同齡 期的彈性模量、松弛系數(shù)和抗拉強(qiáng)度。因此，在大體積硅施工前，對溫度控制 指標(biāo)進(jìn)行一些理論計(jì)算，對施工大有指導(dǎo)意義。三、測溫點(diǎn)的平面布置原則：1）平面形狀中心；2）中心對應(yīng)的側(cè)邊及容易散 發(fā)熱量的拐角處。3）主風(fēng)向部位。總之測溫點(diǎn)的位置應(yīng)選擇在溫度變化大，容 易散熱、受環(huán)境溫度影響大，絕熱溫升最大和產(chǎn)生收縮拉應(yīng)力最大的地方。四、測溫點(diǎn)的豎向布置：一般每個(gè)平面位置設(shè)置一組 3個(gè)，分別布置在硅的上、 中、下位置，上下測點(diǎn)均位于硅表面 10厘米處，另外在空氣，保溫層中各埋設(shè) 1個(gè)測溫點(diǎn)測量環(huán)境溫度、保溫層內(nèi)的溫度。大體積混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)一般不少于 7d ,并根據(jù)

3、板中心混凝土溫度變化及同條件養(yǎng) 護(hù)的混凝土試塊強(qiáng)度確定養(yǎng)護(hù)周期。混凝土的養(yǎng)護(hù)應(yīng)采用保溫，保濕及緩慢降 溫的技術(shù)措施，一般在澆筑在厚度大于 3m時(shí)，要求考慮在大體積混凝土內(nèi)部 設(shè)置冷卻水循環(huán)降溫措施，設(shè)冷卻水管，并通過溫度檢測控制混凝土中心與表 面的溫度或混凝土內(nèi)部與冷卻水的溫度控制在 25 C以內(nèi)。五、降低水泥水化熱和變形(1)在厚大無筋的或少筋的大體積混凝土中，摻加總量不超過20%的大石塊，減少混凝土的用量，以達(dá)到降低水化熱和節(jié)省水泥的目的。(2)改善配筋。為了保證每個(gè)澆筑層上下均有溫度筋，可建議設(shè)計(jì)人員將分布筋做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。溫度筋宜分布細(xì)密，一般用 力8鋼筋，雙向配筋，間距15 cm. 這樣

4、可以增強(qiáng)抵抗溫度應(yīng)力的能力。六、其他方面(1)改善約束條件，削減溫度應(yīng)力。采取分層或分塊澆筑大體積混凝土，合理 設(shè)置水平或垂直施工縫，或在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢迷O(shè)置施工后澆帶，以放松約束程度， 減少每次澆筑長度的蓄熱量，防止水化熱的積聚，減少溫度應(yīng)力。對大體積混 凝土基礎(chǔ)與厚大的混凝土墊層之間設(shè)置滑動(dòng)層，如采用平面澆瀝青或鋪卷材。在垂直面、鍵梢部位設(shè)置緩沖層，如鋪設(shè) 3050 mm后瀝青木絲板或聚苯乙烯 泡沫塑料，以消除嵌固作用，釋放約束應(yīng)力。(2)提高混凝土的極限拉伸強(qiáng)度。選擇良好繼配的粗骨料，嚴(yán)格控制含泥量， 加強(qiáng)混凝土的振搗，提高混凝土密實(shí)度和抗拉強(qiáng)度，減小收縮變形，保證施工 質(zhì)量。采取二次投料法，

5、二次振搗法，澆筑后及時(shí)排除表面積水，加強(qiáng)早期養(yǎng) 護(hù)，提高混凝土早期或相應(yīng)齡期的抗拉強(qiáng)度和彈性模量。在大體積混凝土的基 礎(chǔ)內(nèi)設(shè)置必要的溫度配筋，在截面變形和轉(zhuǎn)折處，底、頂板與墻轉(zhuǎn)折處，孔洞 轉(zhuǎn)角及周邊，增加斜向構(gòu)造配筋，以改善應(yīng)力集中，防止裂縫出現(xiàn)。七、大體積混凝土的信息化施工大體積混凝土施工應(yīng)加強(qiáng)測溫和溫度控制，實(shí)行信息化控制，隨時(shí)控制混凝土 內(nèi)的溫度變化，以便及時(shí)調(diào)整保溫及養(yǎng)護(hù)措施，使混凝土的溫度梯度和濕度不 至過大，以有效控制裂縫的出現(xiàn)。7.1 溫度監(jiān)測 為掌握基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)部混凝土實(shí)際溫度變化情況，了解冷卻水管進(jìn)出水溫度，對基礎(chǔ) 內(nèi)外部以及進(jìn)出水管進(jìn)行測溫記錄，密切監(jiān)視溫差波動(dòng)，來指導(dǎo)混凝土的養(yǎng)

6、護(hù) 工作，并同時(shí)控制冷卻水流量以及流向。測溫設(shè)備可采用“大體積混凝土溫度微機(jī)自動(dòng)測試儀”，溫度傳感器預(yù)先埋設(shè) 在測點(diǎn)位置上，基礎(chǔ)承臺(tái)測點(diǎn)位置分承臺(tái)內(nèi)部、薄膜下溫度、室內(nèi)室外溫度、 冷卻水管進(jìn)、出水溫度設(shè)置。測點(diǎn)溫度、溫差以及環(huán)境溫度的數(shù)據(jù)與曲線用電 腦打印繪制。當(dāng)混凝土內(nèi)外溫差超過控制要求時(shí)，系統(tǒng)馬上報(bào)警。測溫點(diǎn)的布 置應(yīng)考慮由于大體積混凝土澆筑順序時(shí)間不一致，應(yīng)由各區(qū)域均勻布置，核心 區(qū)、中心區(qū)為重點(diǎn)。7.2 監(jiān)測結(jié)果及其分析根據(jù)各測點(diǎn)所測溫度匯總混凝土溫度情況表，并繪制基礎(chǔ)混凝土升降溫曲線， 了解本工程大體積混凝土測溫情況和特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)一般 規(guī)律，大體積混凝土澆搗 結(jié)束后，在基礎(chǔ)的中心部位將

7、形成一高溫區(qū)，升溫時(shí)間為6070 h ,高溫持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，均在3040 h.混凝土的入模溫度較高，會(huì)加快水泥水化的進(jìn)行，故 早期水化熱積聚上升，將造成混凝土的升溫速度加快。當(dāng)混凝土保溫層揭除后， 混凝土表面溫度會(huì)明顯受晝夜大氣溫度的 影響，溫度下降。一般循環(huán)冷卻水帶 走的中心部位混凝土的熱量較四周表面和底部要多，因此，中心部位混凝土因 冷卻水所產(chǎn)生的降溫?cái)?shù)值大，混凝土四周表面和底部所產(chǎn)生的降溫?cái)?shù)值小。在 實(shí)際施工中可根據(jù)詳細(xì)測溫情況，進(jìn)行分段 計(jì)算。7.3 大體積混凝土裂縫成因分析大體積混凝土施工易產(chǎn)生裂縫，產(chǎn)生裂縫有多方面原因，如約束情況，周圍環(huán) 境濕度，混凝土的均勻性，分段是否妥當(dāng)，結(jié)構(gòu)形

8、式等，都可能引起大體積混protecti ngfire contr olfacilities,firepr evention,reportsoffireelctivitiesinobeytheschoolrule s and regulati ons, on time, on time home toprevent accidents. 8,schoolto school inspe ctions ona reg ular ba sis,found hi dden in time,a nd i n sever ecase s,itis hardto eliminate immediatelyc

9、losed, andreportedtot he localpeople'sGovernment,educati on,a nd r uleoflaw section.9,t heschoolshould a lways check t he internalwall s,retaini ng wall s,ponds, raili ngs, handrails, doors, Windows,staircasesand avarietyofsports,extracurricular activities,facilitie ssuchasfire safety,i nfrastru

10、ct ure se curit y,unsafe facilitytoimmediatelyrepaira nd demolitionto ensure thatteachers a nd studentsw ork,lear n, live ve nues and facilities are safe andreliable. SongLi n Xiang LiuJiapingelementaryschoolMar ch 2016song Lin Xia ngLi uJiapi ng primarysch oolfiresafetysystemstoenhancefire safety,

11、protecti on of public property andthe life and propertysafety of teachers andstudents,schoolfiresafetyintoday-t o-daymanageme nt,is developing t hefollow ingfiresafetysystem.1,strengthe nfiresafetyeducation ofthewholeschool.According to therequirementsofthe FireServicesAct,sothateveryonehasofkee pin

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20、 . 1 L . I _凝土的裂縫。就本工程的大體積混凝土而言，由于其截面尺寸較大，所以外荷載或次應(yīng)力引起的裂縫可能性很小。但正由于結(jié)構(gòu)截面大，水泥水化時(shí)所釋放的熱量就會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的溫度變化和收縮作用，由此造成的溫度梯度收縮應(yīng)力是導(dǎo)致大體積砼產(chǎn)生裂縫的主要原因。這種裂縫分為兩類：一、表面裂縫，大體積混凝土由于其內(nèi)部與表面散熱速率不一樣，在其表面形成溫度梯度，從而表面產(chǎn)生拉應(yīng)力，內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生壓應(yīng)力。而此時(shí)混凝土的齡期很短，抗拉強(qiáng)度很低，溫差產(chǎn)生的表面拉應(yīng)力，超過此時(shí)的混凝土極限抗拉強(qiáng)度，就會(huì)在混凝土表面產(chǎn)生裂縫。此種裂縫一般出現(xiàn)在混凝土澆筑后的第34天里。二、貫穿裂縫，混凝土澆數(shù)天后，水化熱基本已釋放

21、，就開始進(jìn)入降溫階段，由于逐漸降溫而產(chǎn)生收縮，再加上混凝土硬化過程中，由于混凝土內(nèi)部拌合水的水化和蒸發(fā)以及膠質(zhì)體的膠凝等作用，促使混凝土硬化時(shí)收縮。這兩種收縮由于受到基底或結(jié)構(gòu)本身的約束，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的拉應(yīng)力，當(dāng)此拉應(yīng)力超過砼此時(shí)的抗拉強(qiáng)度，砼整個(gè)截面就可能產(chǎn)生貫穿裂縫，這種收縮裂縫才是危害最大的裂縫。7.4 大體積混凝土施工控制措施從控制裂縫的觀點(diǎn)看，表面裂縫危害小，但也會(huì)影響結(jié)構(gòu)使用或外觀；而貫穿裂縫則要影響結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性、耐久性和防水性，可能導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)不能正常使用。為了防止溫度裂縫的出現(xiàn)或把溫度裂縫控制在某個(gè)界限內(nèi)，就必須進(jìn)行溫度控制。根據(jù)以往施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)和大體積砼的熱工計(jì)算，為了防止出現(xiàn)有害裂

22、縫，我們在馬鋼2#2500m高爐、熱風(fēng)爐基礎(chǔ)施工中采用以下措施：采用低熱水泥一一礦渣水泥，降低水化溫升，強(qiáng)度富余大；優(yōu)化配合比設(shè)計(jì)，在硅摻入一定比例的粉煤灰、高效緩凝減水劑和膨脹劑，以減少水泥用量，降低水化熱，并利用混凝土的60天強(qiáng)度；硅表面采取蒸氣保溫養(yǎng)護(hù)，縮小硅內(nèi)外溫差?？刂乒璧娜肽囟龋M(jìn)行斜面薄層連續(xù)澆筑； 電子測溫elctivitiesinobeytheschoolrule s and regulati ons, on time, on time home toprevent accidents. 8,schoolto school inspe ctions ona reg ular

23、 ba sis,found hi dden in time,a nd i n sever ecase s,itis hardto eliminate immediatelyclosed, andreportedtot he localpeople'sGovernment,educati on,a nd r uleoflaw section.9,t heschoolshould a lways check t he internalwall s,retaini ng wall s,ponds, raili ngs, handrails, doors, Windows,stair case

24、sand avarietyofsports,extracurricular activities,facilitie ssuchasfire safety,i nfrastruct ure se curit y,unsafe facilitytoimmediatelyrepaira nd demoliti onto ensure thatteachers a nd studentsw ork,lear n, live ve nues and facilities are safe andreliabl e. SongLi n Xiang LiuJiapingeleme ntaryschoolM

25、ar ch 2016song Lin Xia ngLi uJiapi ng primaryschoolfiresafety systemstoenhancefire safety, protecti on of public property andthe life and propertysafety of teachers andstudents,schoolfiresafetyintoday-t o-daymanageme nt,is developing t hefollow ingfiresafetysystem.1,strengthe nfiresafetyeducation of

26、thewholeschool.According to therequirementsofthe FireServi cesAct,sothateveryonehasofkee ping firecontr olsafety,In orderto ensure normalteaching orde r, prote cting st ude nts'healt hy growth, ensuring t hat national（property） isnot lost ,topra corre ctional ce ntre,a police station,a tow nship

27、peopl e'sGovernme ntshall not concealt heaccident.4w eek,teachers are on.I - .I. . I. -. . I _ I- cidents,foll ow the"preve nv e thelea dershipvalues; stre ngthe nthe e- 一 1 - I _ osses" principl e,accordi ng to thelocalconditi ons, makethe management system.1,thepri ncpialis there spo

28、nsibility ofschool safety,schoolse curity underthe lea dershipofPre side ntse curityworklea dinggr oup.The head tea cherto thelea dership team isresponsi blefor,im plementati on ofthea ccou ntabilitysystem. 2,schoolmont hlystude ntknowle dge about safetyeducati on,education should be diversified in

29、theform every safetyeducationforst ude ntsofclasses perweekshould betargeted.Tocarry on emerge ncy issue s deali ngwith e ducation in Ge neral,self-hel pand mutual re scue knowledge. Emergencycalls （such as 110,119,122, 120, andsoschools toe nsure normalteaching or der;responsi ble forschool safetyl

30、eadershipalway smaintaine d cl ose contact a nd districtpoli cestations, canvassingsupport fromthe poli cestationonschoolsafetyand help. 5,strengtheningteachers 'morale ducation,establi shadedi catedl ove, improvi ng educati on quality,observet he students' psychologicalchangesata nytime and

31、take preventive measures, no cor poral punishme ntand cov ert cor poral punishme ntonstudents, student outoftheclassroom, schools maynot be. 6, unit sor departments usestudentStreetpr opaganda or partici patein t hece lebrations,a swell as partici pating i nothersocialw. . I . 一 . _ . I , 一 II I . .

32、 _ . I _L I 1_1.1I . ._LI . . 1 一一 . 一 I 一 _L_ . I. L . .< I 1_ |_ I . >I. .1. _ L _.一 一 .一一 .一 |_| - I _ _LI _. > - 1 一 . . _|-一一. 一一 ”. .一 _. I 一一 l_. I . _ I - _|, |_ . 一 . I I , I .on） use commonse nsei neducati on.3,the esta blishment ofmajora cci dent re porting sy stem.Schoolst udent

33、s reportmajor accident wit hina nhour ofeducati on;studentrun and disappearancestoreport; re portofthe accide nt to awrittenreportintriplicate,ork,wit houtapprovaloftheCorre ctionalCe ntre,school principals consent,without organizati on. Wit houtthea pproval ofrelevantde partments,may organizest ude

34、ntsto partici patein firefighting, disaster re liefand so on.7,schools should e ducate stude ntsto.I- Ld_L I-I 一 _. I L . I. IL . | _ _> .11. . |_ I _ 一 . _ I一.-. - _ II, L . 1 L . I _7.4.1 合理選擇原材料石子選用531.5mm粒徑碎石，連續(xù)級配，含泥量不超過1%中砂（細(xì)度模數(shù)1.1.1 泥量不超過2%；桃沖水泥廠寨峰牌散裝32.5 號礦渣水泥；高效緩凝減水劑：1% （占水泥重）；膨脹劑JM-m： 81

35、0% II級粉煤灰1015%（占水泥重），原材料均須抽樣試驗(yàn)。1.1.2 優(yōu)化混凝土配合比設(shè)計(jì)為減少水泥用量, 降低水化熱, 減少混凝土收縮, 延緩混凝土初凝時(shí)間, 改善和易性 , 混凝土配制采用三摻技術(shù)（即混凝土中摻加粉煤灰、減水劑、膨脹劑）減水劑針對該工程的施工特點(diǎn)和正處于冬季的情況, 實(shí)驗(yàn)室經(jīng)過多次試配，最后選用的配合比為：水: 水泥 : 中砂 : 石子 : 粉煤灰 : 減水劑 : 膨脹劑=178:275:770:1120:40:3:26 。1.1.3 大體積混凝土保溫養(yǎng)護(hù)措施1.1.3.1 大體積混凝土的熱工計(jì)算1）混凝土內(nèi)部最高絕熱升溫值：Th=WQ/Q ,本工程中采用32.5礦渣水

36、泥，C20混凝土。故Th=43.62）、混凝土中心最高溫度：Tm國T+Th*ET=10C （入模溫度），工散熱系數(shù)取0.8。Tma=44.9C。3）、混凝土表面溫度：Tb=Tq+4h （H-h） AT/H2Tq 為環(huán)境溫度取 5C, AT= TMA-Tq=39.9 C , H=2.57m, h=0.07m。故 Tb=9.2 C。4）、混凝土內(nèi)表溫差： Tc= TMA-Tb=44.9- 9.2=35.7 C>25C顯然混凝土內(nèi)表最大溫差超過規(guī)定要求值，若不采取措施，將必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生表面裂縫。1.1.3.2 混凝土表面保溫養(yǎng)護(hù)措施lectricity li nes,equi pmenti nsp

37、ecti ons,found hidden i n time for rectificati on,mai ntena nce, andse curity.9, do notuse an open flame in t he classr oom, pr ohi bitburni ng stove, lit ca ndle s, mosquit o repel lent, no sm oking, and ba nni ng messywiri ng. Without using any household a ppli ances is not allowed. 10, liveoncamp

38、usfaculty members, mustleadbyexample,andeducatefamiliesandchildrenreadytofire.11,householduseofgasinschools,tomasterproperusage,payattenti ontot he leak -proof,explosi on-pr oof, fireproof,closi ngvalve afterusetoensuresecurity.12,diningroommustbe qualified,and annual te sting ofpre ssure vessel s,t

39、o reg ularlyche ck,the cantee nw orkersmust be certifie d,strictly by operation operation,gastankand st ovesafety dista nceof1.5meters,topreventaccidents. 13,the adverse conse quences ca used byig nori ng firesafety regulations,willbepunishe d,untilinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.S ong Lin Xiang

40、Liu Jia ping elementaryschool March2016 Xia ng Liu Jia pi ngelementary school, pi ne sl opessurroundi ngsafety manageme ntsystem 1 teachers a nd st udents,t hesurroundi ng area oftheschoolgovernancecovers personal a ndfood hygie ne, culturalev entsand ot heraspe cts,integratedg overna nce shall obta

41、i nwide supportand f ullcooperation ofthecommunit y.On the surroundinge nvironmentin schools shouldbecl osely monitore d.2,schoolw ork at the sametime,shoul d payattenti on to t hesaf etymanagementofschoolenvironment,shoul d takethe i nitiativeto conta ctthe district police station,thevillageCommitt

42、ee,Corre ctionalCe ntre,T ownship g overnme nt,busine ss managementand ot herde partmentsto do ag ood jobmanageme nt. 3,tea cher ondutywith t heexce ption ofinspe ctionsinschool s,should al so payattenti ontoenvironmentali nspecti onsnearthecampus,foundthatthejoblessmigrants fromruralareas,forexampl

43、e,harassme ntofstudents a nd avariety ofacci dent s,accor dingto different situati ons reporte d schoolofficial sor the police stati on i n atimely manne r,topr otectthesafety ofstudents.4,everydaybeforeschool,teachersremindstudents,payatte ntiont otrafficsafety. 5,should educatestudentstorespectsoc

44、ial ethics,andvarious regulations,maintaining public order,and fightthebadguys,andgraspthecorrectwaysand meansofmaintaining and improvi ng student s'self-care a bilit y.6,theestabli shment ofemergency rescueteamsofteachers inschools,onhighalertanddeployed.SongLinXia ng Li uJiapinge lementary sch

45、oolMarch2016song Lin Xiang LiuJiapi ng primaryschoolteachersandstudentsorganizationsoutofsafetymanagement systemorganizationactivitiesbetweenteachersandstudents,todrawupa preci se pla nand se curitymeasures mustbesignedbytheschoolofficial s to reviewthe programme of activitiesagreeduponCorrectionalC

46、enteragreed toimpl ement. Organizati ontothe field relatively faror activities requireapprovalbytheDeputyDirector ofthe Educati on Burea u inchargeofse curit y. 2,ea ch a ctivityshoul dhave aspe cificresponsi bility, payattention tothepersonsage, physicalmatch.Route 3,a ctivities, l ocati on, fiel d

47、 survey sshoul d be carried out ina dvance. 4,activitiesforthe meansoftransportshoul d explai nthe sit uationtothe schoolto complywith vehicle,safetyrequirements,before the neforrepair s.5,ea cha ctivitymusthave security,emergencyresponse plan foraccidents. 6,pi cni cs, hiking, picnict o payattentio

48、n to fireprevention,food poisoning,prevention offallaccidents7,t he activitie s nearthe rivers, reservoirs,no measuresor donot meet these curity re quireme ntsofthe Organization andnot let students intothe waterelctivitiesinobeytheschoolrule s and regulati ons, on time, on time home toprevent accide

49、nts. 8,schoolto school inspe ctions ona reg ular ba sis,found hi dden in time,a nd i n sever ecase s,itis hardto eliminate immediatelyclosed, andreportedtot he localpeople'sGovernment,educati on,a nd r uleoflaw section.9,t heschoolshould a lways check t he internalwall s,retaini ng wall s,ponds,

50、 raili ngs, handrails, doors, Windows,stair casesand avarietyofsports,extracurricular activities,facilitie ssuchasfire safety,i nfrastruct ure se curit y,unsafe facilitytoimmediatelyrepaira nd demoliti onto ensure thatteachers a nd studentsw ork,lear n, live ve nues and facilities are safe andreliab

51、l e. SongLi n Xiang LiuJiapingeleme ntaryschoolMar ch 2016song Lin Xia ngLi uJiapi ng primarysch oolfiresafetysystemstoenhancefire safety, protecti on of public property andthe life and propertysafety of teachers andstudents,schoolfiresafetyintoday-t o-daymanageme nt,is developing t hefollow ingfire

52、safetysystem.1,strengthe nfiresafetyeducation ofthewholeschool.According to therequirementsofthe FireServi cesAct,sothateveryonehasofkee ping firecontr olsafety,In orderto ensure normalteaching orde r, prote cting st ude nts'healt hy growth, ensuring t hat national(property) isnot lost ,topra co

53、rre ctional ce ntre,a police station , atow nshippeopl e'sGovernme ntshall not concealt heaccident.4w eek,teachers are on.I - .I. . I. -. . I _ I- cidents,foll ow the"preve ne thelea dershipvalues; stre ngthe nthe e- 一 1 - I _ osses" principl e,accordi ng to thelocalconditi ons, maketh

54、e management system.1,thepri ncpialis there sponsibility ofschool saschools toe nsure normalteaching or der;responsi ble forschool safetyleadershipalway smaintaine d cl ose contact a nd districtpoli. . I . 一 . _ . I , 一 II I . . _ . I _L I 1_1.1I . ._LI . . 1 一 一 dershipofPre side ntse curityworklea

55、 dinggr oup.The head tea cherto thelea dership team isresponsi blefor,im plementati on ofthea ccountabilitysystem.2,schoolmont hlystude ntknowle dge about safetyeducati on,education should be diversified in theform every safetyeducationforst ude ntsofclasses perweekshould betargeted.Tocarry on emerg

56、e ncy issue s deali ngwith e ducation in Ge neral,self-hel pand mutual re scue knowledge. Emergencycalls (such as 110,119,122, 120, andsothepoli cestationonschoolsafetyand help. 5,strengtheningteachers 'morale ducation,establi shadedi catedl ove, improvi ng educati on quality,observet he students' psychologicalchangesata nytime andtake preventive measures, no cor poral punishme ntand cov ert cor poral punishme ntonstudents,