定語(yǔ)從句用法詳解及練習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念     在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。     二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞     引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。     三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

2、     根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。     四、關(guān)系代詞的用法     1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的

3、音樂。(that作主語(yǔ))     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))     2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))     The film (wh

4、ich) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:     The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))     Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming

5、is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))     注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:     This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英

6、文小說。 (2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:     This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。     (3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:     The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。     (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:  &#

7、160;  a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。     b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:     Is there anythin

8、g that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?     c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:     This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。     d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:     I c

9、an remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。     e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:     Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?     f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:     T

10、here is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。     (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:     a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:     Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?     b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:   &

11、#160; This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。     c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。     五、關(guān)系副詞的用法     (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:     This was the time when he

12、arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。     (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:     This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。     (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:     Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 定語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句）l 若定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，可將

13、主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前，將定語(yǔ)從句置后例：The time is not far away when modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.l 若先行詞同時(shí)被定語(yǔ)從句和被介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞修飾，可將主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前，將定語(yǔ)從句置后例：He was the only student in my class who was chosenl 若先行詞是代詞，可將主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前，將定語(yǔ)從句置后.例：It wasnt a real Nike sweater (that) he gave you.1 先

14、行詞為“人”：A. Who引導(dǎo)：在從句中作主語(yǔ)l 先行詞為those、one/ones/anyone時(shí)用who引出定語(yǔ)從句例：Anyone who wants to pass here must show his ID card.l Who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù)必須與先行詞一致例：Do you know the two girls who are dancing? B. Whom引導(dǎo)：在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略例：This is the boy (whom) we were looking for yesterday.l 介詞+whom引導(dǎo)：ü 介詞與后面的定語(yǔ)從句的某個(gè)

15、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，=whom省略，介詞置于從句末尾 例：The man to whom you are talking is the manager of our company. =The man you are talking to is the manager of our company.ü 介詞由整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思決定 例：There are ten cops over there of whom 3 are women.（其中）C. That引導(dǎo)：在從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略l That在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù)必須與先行詞一致l 主句是以who開

16、頭的疑問句，用that引出定語(yǔ)從句例：Who is the man that is lecturing in Classroom No.1339?2 先行詞為“物”：A. That引導(dǎo)：在從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略l 先行詞為下列情況時(shí)，用that引出定語(yǔ)從句：ü 不定代詞/合成詞：all /one/some/little/few/any/much/no/anything/something/noting 例：All that can be done must be done.ü 有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、only/very/last/next/same/every修飾的先

17、行詞 例：This is very film（that）I want to see.ü 有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞 例：They talked of things and persons (that)they remembered in the school.l That在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù)必須與先行詞一致例：The river that flows trough the village is very helpful to themB. Which引導(dǎo)：在從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略例：I will use the reference book

18、(which) you borrowed form library.l which在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù)必須與先行詞一致例：Here are two cards which are small in size.l 介詞+which引導(dǎo)：ü 介詞與后面的定語(yǔ)從句的某個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，=which省略，介詞置于從句末尾 例：The world in which we live is made of matter. =The world we live in is made of matterü 介詞與前面的先行詞的固定搭配 例：Watch out the w

19、ay in which Tom dealt with the job.ü 介詞由整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思決定 例：Air is a thing without which man cant live.3 先行詞表示“人或物”l Whose引導(dǎo)：在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“人或物的所有格”例：What is the name of the student whose father works in our lab.例：The building whose roof (=the roof of which)we can see from here is our department.l As引導(dǎo)：

20、 “the same/such/asas定語(yǔ)從句”, 表示“前面提到的人或物”例：I hope to get such a reference book as he borrowed from the library.4 先行詞表示“時(shí)間”的名詞l When/that引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“.的時(shí)間/時(shí)候”，=at +which，that可省略例：We dont know the exact time when/(that) (=on which) they will return.5 先行詞表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞l Where/that引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“.的地方”，=in +whi

21、ch，that可省略例：This is a village where/(that) (=in which) he was born.6 先行詞表示“原因”的名詞：l Why引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“.的原因”，= for + which例：That is the reason why (=for which) he spoke.7 先行詞表示“方式”的名詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，= 介詞+whichl How/that引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“.的方式”，= in + which，that可省略例：Watch out the way how/(that) (=in which) Tom dea

22、l with the job.8 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句可去，用逗號(hào)分開，不能用that引導(dǎo)l 修飾先行詞例：Galileo, who made the first telecope, died in 1642.l 修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，用which（這.，置于后面）/as（正如.，置于句首）引導(dǎo)從句，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“第三人稱單數(shù)”例：The sun heats the earth, which（這）makes it possible for plants to grow.例：As （正如）we all know, China has the largest population in the w

23、orld.l All/both/few/most/several/some + of which/whom/whose例：There are 9 planets in the solar system, some of which are much larger than our earth.例：The resident，all of whose house had been damaged by the flood, were given help by Red Cross.定語(yǔ)從句真題精選1. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just

24、now? (天津市)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. (河南省)A. where B. which C. who D. what 4. Do you know the girl _

25、is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. (福州市)A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. (吉林省)A. that B. who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. (長(zhǎng)沙市)A. who B. which C. whose 7. Jack, there

26、is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you.A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. (臨沂市)A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. (泰安市)A. which B. who C. where D. whom 10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions