托?？谡Z如何應對思維考察類題型

1、托?？谡Z如何應對思維考察類題型托福口語如何應對思維考察類題型?訓練邏輯思維很重要托?？谡Z重在考察邏輯思維能力說到口語,人們的第一反應多半是語音語調,其實對于托?？荚噥碚f,口語部分考察的并不只有語音語調,還有相當大的比重是考察學生的邏輯思維能力,這就要求考生的答案內容充實,邏輯清晰,特別是口語的3-6題涉及對題干的整合,所以對考生邏輯能力的要求也就更高.如果對材料的整合不過關,即使語音語調炸翻天,也會顯得內容過low,從而很難獲得高分.實例講解托?？谡Z對邏輯思維的要求下面就用具體題目來解釋一下,所謂邏輯清晰.內容完備的高分答案長什么樣.托?？谡Z第五題屬于校園對話,題目設置非常清楚:聽力對話會給出

2、其中一人面臨的困境和兩個解決方案,但是兩個方案各有利弊,需要考生給出建議并解釋原因.本題題目要求如下:Brieflysummarizetheproblemthespeakersarediscussing.Thenstatewhichsolutionyouwouldrecommend.E_plainthereasonsforyourrecommendation.接下來我們聽一下這段音頻,聽完音頻之后,我們需要對音頻內容進行筆記整理.Problems:busleavesearlierV.S.cantcatchitbecauseofchemistryclassSolution1:workatnigh

3、tdetail1:bossagreewontmissthebusDetail2:tired,haveclassne_tmorningSolution2:rideabikeDetail3:workontime,notfar,dosomee_erciseDetail4:badweather借助筆記,整個材料的內容盡收眼底,我們可以清楚的看出兩個方案的利弊,所以在回答的時候就能明確該如何取舍.需要注意的是,答案沒有對錯之分,不論選擇哪個方案,只要理由充分即可.如果你更傾向于solution1,那么你的理由就應該是detail1和detail4;同樣的,如果覺得solution2更好,那對應的理由就是

4、detail2和detail3.在此基礎上,如果時間允許,最好將自己所選解決方案的弊端也闡述一下,例如如果選擇為solution2,針對其弊端,也就是detail4,可以弱化其影響,從而顯得solution2更有說服力.以本題為例,就可以說badweather屬于個別現象,所以對騎行的影響很小,即使發(fā)生,可以臨時想辦法調整.在時間安排上,60s的作答時間,一般描述困境和兩個解決方案在_s左右,給出自己的建議需要5s,最后40s用來解釋建議的理由.當然考試安排不一定非得嚴格按照這個時間來規(guī)劃,反而會限制自己的發(fā)揮,不過可以以此為參考,以求讓自己的條理更清晰,內容更完整.具備高水平邏輯思維能力的解

5、答參考最后,給出一個sampleanswer供各位考生參考:Themansproblemisthatthebusschedulehaschangedandtherefore,hecantcatchthebusforhischemistryclass.Hecaneitherchangehisworktimeorrideabiketohisworkplace.Forme,ridingabikeisamorepreferablechoice.Yousee,ifthemanworksatnight,hemustbetiredandinabadstateforthemorningclassne_tday

6、.Ifheridesabike,however,hecannotonlybethereontimebutalsodosomee_ercise.Actuallyitsnotfar,forjustabout_minutes.Ofcourseridingabikeisuncomfortablewhentheweatherisbad,butthismaynothappenoften.Andthoughithappens,themancanthenchoosetoworkatnightorcomeupwithsomeothersolutions.托?？荚嚳谡Z備考:新托福口語解碼對于廣大準備到海外求學的托

7、福考生而言,_年9月_日實施的新托福無疑是個陌生的領域,而其中的口語部分由于首次在托?？荚囍辛料喽讹@神秘.新托福的口語部分模擬了北美大學課堂的學術氣氛及學生在校園生活的方方面面,要求考生能夠做課堂筆記.發(fā)表自己的意見和看法,并具備對教授推薦的參考書寫讀書報告.闡明論點的能力,以及其它處理校園生活中可能遇到的各種情況的能力.現行的托福雖然不設口語測試,但其姐妹篇TSE(TestofSpokenEnglish)恰好彌補了這方面的不足.新托福的口試也將在現行TSE考試的基礎上孕育產生.相對于TSE而言，新托福的口試在形式與內容上有了繼承的發(fā)展.TSE的形式與內容TSE考試全部過程約為60分鐘,但實

8、際考試時間僅為20分鐘,而考生錄到磁帶上的答題錄音累計時間則更短,僅為6分鐘左右.試題的指導說明在試題冊和制好的試題磁帶上,考生對試題的回答將和題干一并錄入空白的答題磁帶上.現行TSE考試試題共分為七部分：(1) 用錄音提問一些考生本人的基本情況.每一問題之后,有短暫的答題時間,在實際考試中,答題時間每題約為_秒鐘.(2) 題冊上給出一篇短文.考生先用一分鐘時間閱讀,然后用一分鐘時間朗讀.要求發(fā)音準確,口齒清晰,朗讀流暢.(3) 題冊上給出一系列不完整的句子,考生可隨自己的思路加以補充完成.答案可以不同,但完成的句子要意思完整,語法準確.實際考試時,完成每個句子允許用10秒鐘時間.(4) 題冊

9、上給出一組系列故事的連環(huán)畫.考生進行看圖說話.考生可先用一分鐘看這些畫面,然后再用一分鐘敘述故事,敘述時應盡可能準確和詳細.(5) 題冊上給出一副畫和就此畫提出的4個問題.在聽問題之前可以看圖一分鐘,然后仔細聽題并作答.回答時,考生應在允許的時間里盡可能多說一些,每一題回答時允許用_秒鐘時間.(6) 要求考生描述某些事物或就國際上普遍關注的話題發(fā)表意見.考生在允許時間里對每一問題要盡可能多加評論.評分取決于考生如何表達思想的方式,而不取決于觀點本身.考試中,回答每個問題的時間為45秒鐘.(7) 題冊上給出班級.俱樂部或會議等的活動日程或通知.考生可先仔細閱讀一分鐘后,用一分鐘時間解釋這些日程或

10、通知.解釋時一定要包括所有重要的細節(jié),并要設想自己是對很多聽眾作解釋,而不能僅僅翻譯這些日程或通知.可見，現行的TSE通過對以上七部分內容的測試，基本上可以判斷出考生的英語口頭表達能力,包括語音.語調及語法的掌握程度.新托?？谡Z的形式與內容我個人認為TSE考試在托福改題之后仍會繼續(xù)考察一段時間,從而逐步淡出歷史舞臺.而取而代之的新托?？梢哉f是TSE考試的加強版.這個部分共有6道題，持續(xù)約20分鐘,包括獨立回答題,讀聽后回答題和先聽后答題等三種題型,以考察學生的閱讀理解，聽力理解和口語表達等綜合能力.下面我們就結合ETS對新托?？谡Z部分的指導說明來揭開新托?？谡Z的神秘面紗:SpeakingSec

11、tionDirectionsInthissectionofthetest,youwillbeabletodemonstrateyourabilitytospeakaboutavarietyoftopics.Youwillanswersi_questionsbyspeakingintothemicrophone.Answereachofthequestionsascompletelyaspossible.Inquestionsoneandtwo,youwillspeakaboutfamiliartopics.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeak

12、clearlyandcoherentlyaboutthetopics.第1題和第2題為獨立回答題,要求考生就某一話題闡述自己的觀點.準備時間為_秒,回答問題時間為45秒.問題會被朗讀出來,同時會出現在屏幕上.比如:NarratorDescribeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeepAppearingonscreen1.De

13、scribeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Preparationtime:_secondsResponsetime:45secondsInquestionsthreeandfour,youwillfirstreadashortte_t.Thete_twillgoawayandyouwillthenlistentoatalkonthesametopic.Youwillthenbeaskedaques

14、tionaboutwhatyouhavereadandheard.Youwillneedtocombineappropriateinformationfromthetestandthetalktoprovideacompleteanswertothequestion.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeakclearlyandcoherentlyandonyourabilitytoaccuratelyconveyinformationaboutwhatyoureadandheard.第3題和第4題則以試題中的閱讀和聽力材料為基礎,要求考生回答相關

15、問題.具體步驟是首先讓考生在45秒內閱讀一篇短文,一般只含一個自然段,隨后短文隱去,播放一段與短文相關的對話或課堂演講,其長度大約為1分半鐘.最后,要求考生根據先前閱讀的短文和播放的對話或課堂演講回答相關問題,考生有30秒鐘的準備時間,然后進行60秒鐘的回答,考生可以在聽錄音的過程中做筆記來幫助答題.比如:ReadingTime:45secondsAnnouncementfromthepresidentTheuniversityhasdecidedtoincreasetuitionandfeesforallstudentsbyappro_imately8percentne_tsemester.

16、Forthepast5years,thetuitionandfeeshaveremainedthesame,butitisnecessarytoincreasethemnowforseveralreasons.Theuniversityhasmanymorestudentsthanwehadfiveyearsago,andwemusthireadditionalprofessorstoteachthesestudents.Wehavealsomadeanewcommitmenttoresearchandtechnology,andwillberenovatingandupgradingourl

17、aboratoryfacilitiestobettermeetourstudentsneeds.NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheannouncement.2secondsStudentAOhgreat,nowwehavetocomeupwithmoremoneyforne_tsemester.StudentBYeah,Iknow,butIcanseewhy.WhenIfirststartedhere,classesweresomuchsmallerthantheyarenow.Withthismanystudents,itshardt

18、ogetthepersonalattentionyouneedStudentAYeah,Iguessyoureright.Youknow,insomeclassesIcantevengetaseat.AndIcouldnttakethemathcourseIwantedtobecauseitwasalreadyfullwhenIsignedup.StudentBAndtheotherthingis,well,IamkindofworriedaboutnotbeingabletogetajobafterIgraduate.StudentAWhy?Imeanyouredoingreallywell

19、inyourclasses,arentyou?StudentBImdoingok,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.Therearesomegreatnewe_perimentsinmicrobiologythatwecantevendoherethereisntenoughequipmentinthelaboratories,andtheequipmenttheyhaveisoutofdate.HowamIgoingtocompeteforjobswithpeoplewhohavepracticalresearche_perience?Ithinkthee_t

20、ratuitionwillbeagoodinvestment.2secondsNarratorThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeep3.Thewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident

21、.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60secondsInquestionsfiveandsi_,youwilllistentopartofaconversationoralecture.Youwillthenbeaskedaquestionaboutwhatyouheard.Yourresponsewillbescoredonyourabilitytospeakclearlyandcoherentlyandonyourab

22、ilitytoaccuratelyconveyinformationaboutwhatyouheard第五.六題要求考生先聽一段聽力材料,然后回答相關問題.聽力材料通常一段是情景對話,另一段是課堂演講,其長度大約為1分半鐘.考生有20秒鐘的準備時間,之后進行60秒鐘的回答.比如:NarratorPleaseListenCarefullyNarratorYoumaybegintoprepareyourresponseafterthebeep.2secsbeepNarratorNowlistentoaconversationbetweentwostudents.StudentAHeyLisa,ho

23、wsitgoing?StudentBHiMark.Uh,ImOK,Iguess,butmyschoolworkisreallystressingmeout.StudentAsympatheticallyYeah?Whatswrong?StudentBWell,Ivegotapapertowrite,andtwoe_amstostudyfor.Andabunchofmathproblemstofinish.ItsjustsomuchthatIcantconcentrateonanyofit.Istartconcentratingonstudyingforoneofmye_ams,andthenI

24、mlike,howlongsitgonnataketofinishthatproblemset?StudentAWowsoundslikeyouvegotalotmoreworkthanyoucanhandlerightnow.NotwantingtosoundtoopushyLookhaveyoutalkedtosomeofyourprofessorsImean,youknow,trytoe_plaintheproblem.Look,youcouldprobablygetane_tensiononyourpaper,oronthemathassignmentStudentBYouthink?

25、Itwouldgivemealittlemoretimetoprepareformye_amsrightnow.StudentAWell,ImeananotherthingthatyoumightdoImeanhaveyoutriedmakingyourselfaschedule?ImeanthatswhatIdowhenImfeelingoverwhelmed.StudentBWhatdoesthatdoforyou?StudentAWell,Imeanithelpsyoutofocusyourenergies.Youknow,youmakeyourselfachartthatshowsth

26、ene_tfewdaysandthetimetillyourstuffisdueandStudentBUh-huhmeaningImlisteningStudentAImeanthinkaboutwhatyouneedtodo,andwhenyouhavetodoitby.Youknowthenstartfillinginyourschedulelike,allright9:00nineto_:30eleven-thirtyA.M.,studyfore_am._:00twelveto3:00three,workonproblemset.ButImeandontmakethetimeperiod

27、stoolong.Like,dontputineighthoursofstudyingyouknow,youllgettired,orstartworryingaboutyourotherworkagain.Butifyoukeeptoyourschedule,youknowyoulljusthavetoworryaboutonethingatatime.StudentBYeah,thatmightwork.somewhatnoncommitallyNarratorThestudentsdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstothewomansproblem.Describe

28、theproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferande_plainwhy.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthebeep.2secsbeepAppearingonscreen5. The students discuss twopossiblesolutionstothewomansproblem.Describetheproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferande_plainwhy.Preparationtime:20secondsResponsetime:60s

29、econdsYoumaytakenoteswhileyoureadandwhileyoulistentotheconversationsandlectures.Youmayuseyournotestohelpprepareyourresponse.Listencarefullytothedirectionsforeachquestion.Thedirectionswillnotbewrittenonthescreen.Foreachquestionyouwillbegivenashorttimetoprepareyourresponse.Aclockwillshowhowmuchprepara

30、tiontimeisremaining.Whenthepreparationtimeisup,youwillbetoldtobeginyourresponse.Aclockwillshowhowmuchresponsetimeisremaining.Amessagewillappearonthescreenwhentheresponsetimehasended.考生可以在聽音過程中記筆記以幫助答題.在準備和答題時,屏幕上會顯示倒計時的時鐘.每個回答的得分是0-4分,分數范圍是0-30.其評分以回答的質量.完整性和準確性為依據托?？荚嚳谡Z備考:新托福口語解碼對于絕大多數中國考生而言,Presen

31、tationSkills的缺乏勢必導致兩大誤區(qū):第一大誤區(qū)是先Beataroundthebush,再漸漸切入正題,最后才做出較為精準的總結.這顯然與以漢語為母語的語言交流習慣有關,這在平時的一般交流中或許不那么致命,甚至有些英語為母語的人平時講話也有這種習慣,但是在一分鐘甚至是45秒的答題時間里這樣做,就無異于浪費寶貴的答題時間,將60秒或45秒的可用來得分的空間縮小到30秒甚至是20秒,使整個答案的質量大打折扣.第二大誤區(qū)是毫無計劃地想到哪,說到哪,甚至中途改變主意,否定前面所說內容,做出一個自相矛盾的答案.對于ETS的命題者來說，這兩種誤區(qū)都恰恰暴露了中國學生沒有受過系統(tǒng)的Presenta

32、tion訓練的弱點.要知道,在西方特別是北美,這是一項從中小學就開始注重培養(yǎng)的跨學科的綜合技能.那么怎樣才可以避免以上兩種誤區(qū)呢?下面就結合新托福口語的三大題型分別作以解析:一.獨立回答題:Describeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolande_plainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsande_amplestosupportyoure_planation.Preparationtime:_secondsResponsetime:45seconds閱讀題干應該在5秒內完成,這樣就能保證在答題之前有20秒的時間（包括na

33、rrator讀題時間）進行brain-storming.有關在學校上過的一門課的重要性不外乎從以下幾個方面來敘述.第一,這門課對于其它后續(xù)課的奠基作用.第二,所積累的知識對于今后實際運用的指導作用.第三,對于個人綜合素質及品位的提高.為什么要分成這么多點論述呢?因為如果只就一個要點深入闡述,很容易走題或者進入一個英語無法表達的死角;同時分成若干點還便于控制時間.比如這道題目的45秒答題時間可以分配給每個分點10秒,這樣就不會過早或者過晚地完成整個答題的語言結構.至于選什么課來說則遵循什么容易就講什么的原則,這是因為托福口語考試和ETS其它考試一樣是不需要任何專業(yè)背景的知識的.因此，考生大可以談

34、一些中學里學過的主課,如數學,語文和外語,而避免談大學里的專業(yè)課,如生物,化學及各類工程類課程等.在開始答題的時候,應首先說出一句TopicSentence點出這門課的名稱.如果準備不是很充分,為了避免出現答題空白,可以附帶交代這門課的背景信息,如何時選修的,哪位教授任課,但一定要控制在10秒以內.這種技能叫SkillofBuyingTime.隨后,三條理由依次列出,切不可忘記Important是論述的核心,千萬不能無意中轉而強調這門課Difficult或Interesting.本題參考答案:Inmypreviousstudiesatcollege,therearequiteafewimpor

35、tancecoursesandoneofthemostimportantoneofthem,ifIhadtochooseone,wouldbeCalculus.Well,asIamanengineeringmajor,inmycurriculumtherearemanycoursesrequiringcomplicatedcalculation,equationdeductionandmathmodelbuilding.Alltheseneedknowledgeincalculusasafoundation.Besides,masteryofsomequantitativeanalysisme

36、thodswillgreatlybenefitmyabilitytomakeasensiblejudgmentinacomple_situationinworkplace,nomatterwhatjobIlltakeupinthefuture.Finally,withoutagoodsenseofadvancedmathematics,Iwillnotbeabletoappreciatethebeautyofsymmetryinmanyartisticforms.二.讀聽后回答題ReadingTime:45secondsAnnouncementfromthepresidentTheuniver

37、sityhasdecidedtoincreasetuitionandfeesforallstudentsbyappro_imately8percentne_tsemester.Forthepast5years,thetuitionandfeeshaveremainedthesame,butitisnecessarytoincreasethemnowforseveralreasons.Theuniversityhasmanymorestudentsthanwehadfiveyearsago,andwemusthireadditionalprofessorstoteachthesestudents

38、.Wehavealsomadeanewcommitmenttoresearchandtechnology,andwillberenovatingandupgradingourlaboratoryfacilitiestobettermeetourstudentsneeds.NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheannouncement.2secondsStudentAOhgreat,nowwehavetocomeupwithmoremoneyforne_tsemester.StudentBYeah,Iknow,butIcanseewhy.Wh

39、enIfirststartedhere,classesweresomuchsmallerthantheyarenow.Withthismanystudents,itshardtogetthepersonalattentionyouneedStudentAYeah,Iguessyoureright.Youknow,insomeclassesIcantevengetaseat.AndIcouldnttakethemathcourseIwantedtobecauseitwasalreadyfullwhenIsignedup.StudentBAndtheotherthingis,well,Iamkin

40、dofworriedaboutnotbeingabletogetajobafterIgraduate.StudentAWhy?Imeanyouredoingreallywellinyourclasses,arentyou?StudentBImdoingok,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.Therearesomegreatnewe_perimentsinmicrobiologythatwecantevendoherethereisntenoughequipmentinthelaboratories,andtheequipmenttheyhaveisoutofd

41、ate.HowamIgoingtocompeteforjobswithpeoplewhohavepracticalresearche_perience?Ithinkthee_tratuitionwillbeagoodinvestment.2secondsNarratorThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Pleasebeginspeakingafterthe

42、beep.2secsbeepThewomane_pressesheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionande_plainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60seconds對于該題，首先要快速讀完文字通知部分，再聽懂AB兩者間的對話方可答題.若在答題前先掃描題干,可以看出這道題也是一道Issue題,只是其觀點并非由答題者自由發(fā)揮,而是必須在聽明白其中那名女生的觀點后加以有

43、條理的復述.請?zhí)貏e注意,這道題的關鍵是要闡述她的觀點并加以說理,若一些舉例性的細節(jié)實在沒有聽清楚可以略過.不過這也意味著歸納總結能力是此題所考查的英語語言運用能力之一.本題參考答案:Thewomanisinfavoroftheuniversitysdecisiontoraisethetuitionandfeeforallstudents.Oneofherreasonsisthattheuniversityneedstohiremorefacultymemberssothatclasssizewouldbemadesmaller.Shehasnoticedthattheever-e_pandin

44、gclasssizehaskeptstudentsfromgettingenoughpersonalattentiontheyneed.Shealsoagreesthatthelackoffacultymembershasledtothelimitedopportunityforstudentstotakethecoursestheyareinterestedin.Besides,shethinksitishighlynecessaryfortheuniversitytobefinancedtopurchasebetterresearchfacilitiessothatstudentswoul

45、dhavetheopportunitytoconductallthee_perimentstheyneedtomasterfortheirfuturecareer.三.先聽后答題NarratorPleaseListenCarefullyNarratorYoumaybegintoprepareyourresponseafterthebeep.2secsbeepNarratorNowlistentoaconversationbetweentwostudents.StudentAHeyLisa,howsitgoing?StudentBHiMark.Uh,ImOK,Iguess,butmyschool

46、workisreallystressingmeout.StudentAsympatheticallyYeah?Whatswrong?StudentBWell,Ivegotapapertowrite,andtwoe_amstostudyfor.Andabunchofmathproblemstofinish.ItsjustsomuchthatIcantconcentrateonanyofit.Istartconcentratingonstudyingforoneofmye_ams,andthenImlike,howlongsitgonnataketofinishthatproblemset?Stu

47、dentAWowsoundslikeyouvegotalotmoreworkthanyoucanhandlerightnow.NotwantingtosoundtoopushyLookhaveyoutalkedtosomeofyourprofessorsImean,youknow,trytoe_plaintheproblem.Look,youcouldprobablygetane_tensiononyourpaper,oronthemathassignmentStudentBYouthink?Itwouldgivemealittlemoretimetoprepareformye_amsrigh

48、tnow.StudentAWell,ImeananotherthingthatyoumightdoImeanhaveyoutriedmakingyourselfaschedule?ImeanthatswhatIdowhenImfeelingoverwhelmed.StudentBWhatdoesthatdoforyou?StudentAWell,Imeanithelpsyoutofocusyourenergies.Youknow,youmakeyourselfachartthatshowsthene_tfewdaysandthetimetillyourstuffisdueandStudentBUh-huhmeaningImlisteningStudentAImeanthinkaboutwhatyouneedtodo,andwhenyouhavetodoitby.Youknowthenstartfillinginyourschedulelike,allright9:00nineto_:30eleven