財(cái)務(wù)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1. 序2. 基礎(chǔ)篇3. 財(cái)務(wù)篇4. 物流篇5. 生產(chǎn)與工單管理篇6. 系統(tǒng)管理篇7. ERP English專用語(yǔ)本章是專門講解ERP軟件的常用英語(yǔ)專門用語(yǔ)的。ERP作為一個(gè)西方發(fā)明的管理工具，大量使用專門的術(shù)語(yǔ)，對(duì)于我國(guó)的廣大使用者學(xué)習(xí)者的確是一個(gè)需要專門處理的內(nèi)容。此外，ERP實(shí)施中很多公司都有外籍管理人員參與，需要中方員工能夠流暢地溝通討論實(shí)施中的各種問題。本書主要是以ADONIX使用到的術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行講解，其中使用較多的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，閱讀者需要較好的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)。這方面需要深造的讀者可以聯(lián)系ERP English培訓(xùn)班。a) 財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)財(cái)務(wù)模塊，finance module

2、，是ERP的核心，即便不是財(cái)務(wù)專業(yè)的讀者，也需要了解一些最基本的財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)。Module，模塊，是ERP系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)組成部分。粗的分類就是finance，logistics，production三大模塊，財(cái)務(wù)、物流、和生產(chǎn)。其中財(cái)務(wù)模塊又通常分為GL (General Ledger)，AP(Account Payable)，AR(Account Receivable)，即總帳、應(yīng)付、和應(yīng)收模塊。i. Chart of Accounts 財(cái)務(wù)科目表Chart of accounts，就是財(cái)務(wù)科目表，簡(jiǎn)稱COA。下面是ADONIX使用的一個(gè)COA的例子：ACCOUNTDESCRIPTION科目名稱10

3、100Bank 1銀行110110Petty Cash 1現(xiàn)金110120Bank 2銀行211000Accounts Receivable應(yīng)收款11010Inter-site Transfer內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)賬應(yīng)收11100Supplier Credit Memos Receivable供應(yīng)上退款應(yīng)收11105Supplier Credit Memos Receivable供應(yīng)上退款應(yīng)收11210Shipped Not Invoiced貨已發(fā)未開發(fā)票12010Furniture and Fixtures辦公家具設(shè)備13000Inventory存貨13010Internally-used Items自用

4、物品14000Work in Process在制品21000Accounts Payable應(yīng)付款21010Inter-site Transfer內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)賬應(yīng)付21050Expected Supplier Invoices供應(yīng)商發(fā)票在途21055Expected Supplier Invoices供應(yīng)商發(fā)票在途21100Customer Credit Memos Payable客戶退款應(yīng)付22000Received Not Invoiced (R/P)貨到未開發(fā)票22100PPV Variance AccountPPV差異25020Sales Tax Payable銷售稅應(yīng)付29000Retai

5、ned Earnings待分配收入31010Payables Write Off應(yīng)付取消33000Sales Revenue - Product銷售收入-產(chǎn)品33100Sales Revenue - Service銷售收入-服務(wù)33200Sales Revenue - Miscellaneous銷售收入-其他34010Sales Shipping Charges銷售運(yùn)費(fèi)34020Miscellaneous Sales Charges其他銷售費(fèi)用35010Trade Discounts Given采購(gòu)折扣35020Misc Discounts to Customers銷售折扣41010Recei

6、vable Write Off - Std應(yīng)收壞賬-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)41011Receivable Write Off - Freight應(yīng)收壞賬-運(yùn)費(fèi)41012Receivable Write Off - Tax應(yīng)收壞賬-稅金41020Bank Charges銀行費(fèi)用42010Physical Inventory Variance盤點(diǎn)差異43000Cost of Sales銷售成本43010Internally-used Items自用物品43011Material Variance物料差異43020Labor Variance工費(fèi)差異43030Machine Variance機(jī)器費(fèi)用差異43040Su

7、bcontracting Variance外協(xié)差異43090Inventory Scrap - WIP存貨廢品-WIP43099WIP BalancingWIP平衡43111Direct Labor Expense直接人工費(fèi)用43120Direct Machine Expense直接機(jī)器費(fèi)用43130Direct Subcontracting Expense直接外協(xié)費(fèi)用43200Purchase Price Variance采購(gòu)價(jià)格差異43400Inbound Freight采購(gòu)運(yùn)費(fèi)43500Subcontracted Repair Services外包修理服務(wù)43600Overhead Ex

8、pense辦公費(fèi)用43601Overhead Variance辦公費(fèi)用差異44010Equipment Leasing設(shè)備租賃44020Postage and Shipping Charges郵費(fèi)運(yùn)費(fèi)44030Business Consulting Services管理顧問服務(wù)費(fèi)44040Sales and Support Materials銷售資料費(fèi)用45020Misc Discounts from Suppliers供應(yīng)商折扣46010Employee Travel Expenses差旅費(fèi)47010Electricity電費(fèi)47020Phone電話費(fèi)47030Gas煤氣費(fèi)47100Offi

9、ce Support Services辦公服務(wù)費(fèi)用48010Payroll Expense工資費(fèi)用52010Currency Exchange - Sales匯兌損益-銷售52020Currency Exchange - Purchasing匯兌損益-采購(gòu)52040A/P Gain on Currency Exchange應(yīng)付匯兌收益52050A/R Gain on Currency Exchange應(yīng)收匯兌收益52070Cash Gain on Currency Exchange現(xiàn)金匯兌收益61000Administrative Expense行政費(fèi)用62010Inventory Reval

10、uation存貨重估62030A/R Loss on Currency Exchange應(yīng)收匯兌損失62060A/P Loss on Currency Exchange應(yīng)付匯兌損失62080Cash Loss on Currency Exchange現(xiàn)金匯兌損失63100Sales Tax on Purchases采購(gòu)進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅63110Expected Sales Tax on POs預(yù)估采購(gòu)進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅64010Rounding Variance四舍五入差異68020Office Supplies辦公用品80010Default Setup Account設(shè)置階段專用科目80020Temporary

11、 Account臨時(shí)科目80030New Period Suspense Account新期段結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)科目80040Inter-site Clearing Account內(nèi)部結(jié)算科目80050Currency Suspense多幣種結(jié)算科目99999Initialization Dummy Account初始化臨時(shí)科目Credit Memo可以解釋為退款的通知，是采購(gòu)?fù)素浿髲墓?yīng)商那兒退款之后記賬用的。反過(guò)來(lái)如果客戶退貨，那么就應(yīng)該是Debit Memo，但是也有叫Customer Credit Memo的。§ Why you call it a credit memo? We don

12、t have this in China.² What do you call it then?§ No, we dont use a separate bill. We deduct the amount from the next invoice.² But how do you know it is not a discount?§ Is there any difference between a credit memo and a discount invoice? Anyway it is a less charged situation.

13、² Certainly there is!這是中外籍財(cái)務(wù)人員對(duì)于退款處理方式的不同看法。Payables Write Off應(yīng)付帳款如果對(duì)方取消了，就是write off。Write off是個(gè)常用的詞匯，比如固定資產(chǎn)報(bào)廢了，也是write off assets；存貨盤點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)盤虧，記賬把它write off。等等。Variance Account就是差異科目。會(huì)計(jì)記帳上會(huì)處理許多差異，比如增值稅17%的稅值往往會(huì)因?yàn)槔塾?jì)而發(fā)生四舍五入的差異，這樣需要差異科目來(lái)記錄這些差異，比如Rounding Variance。計(jì)算機(jī)記帳特別是ERP系統(tǒng)，需要其他一些特殊的科目來(lái)處理一些技術(shù)性的分錄

14、，比如dummy accounts，suspense accounts, temporary accounts等等。不同的財(cái)務(wù)高級(jí)主管會(huì)使用不同的技術(shù)詞匯。§ I dont understand which account we should use for loan shipments.² You can just pick up a dummy account and use it. When we run the test we will come back to check the result. We can then replace the dummy acco

15、unt by the correct one.例：§ I am entering the initial balances, it is a long list. How can I save it for afternoon. I have to eat lunch.² You can simply close your balance to account 99999, the Initialization Dummy Account.§ Then what?² Well, you can reopen the entry, delete the n

16、umber under 99999, and start again.這段話就是在討論怎么把輸?shù)揭话氲某跏蓟?cái)務(wù)余額存一下，下午再繼續(xù)輸入。這時(shí)候就要使用Initialization Dummy Account，先把剩下的余額存在這個(gè)科目下，等回來(lái)再打開，把這個(gè)臨時(shí)科目下的數(shù)字清掉，繼續(xù)輸入即可。PPV Variance Account PPV 就是Purchase Price Variance，采購(gòu)價(jià)格差異。這是一個(gè)典型的差異科目。Gain and Loss匯兌損益。非財(cái)務(wù)的人員只要理解在不同幣種之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)手時(shí)總是會(huì)發(fā)生匯率的差價(jià)的，因此財(cái)務(wù)上需要計(jì)算這種差價(jià)因?yàn)閰R率漲跌造成對(duì)公司財(cái)務(wù)的影響

17、。有時(shí)這種影響只是理論上的，紙面上，但是系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)地計(jì)算出來(lái)，并在這些匯兌損益的科目中記錄，比如A/P Gain on Currency Exchange、A/R Gain on Currency Exchange、Cash Gain on Currency Exchange、A/R Loss on Currency Exchange、A/P Loss on Currency Exchange、Cash Loss on Currency Exchange。例：§ We used to calculate the gain and loss on paper. This time we

18、 are going to use the system to handle it. Watch out for the outcomes.² We have compared the gain and loss numbers with our spreadsheet, they are different. But the difference is small.§ I would rather believe the system number.Inventory Revaluation 存貨重估。存貨通常是按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本記入系統(tǒng)的。一旦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本改變，整個(gè)存貨的余額就要

19、發(fā)生變化。于是系統(tǒng)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一筆分錄記錄到這個(gè)調(diào)整科目中去。例：§ Before we understand how the system recalculates the inventory, I dont want you make any changes to the SCP of the goods.(SCP = standard cost price)² The system has a function called Stock Revaluation, we can test it first.§ Please test it in the test

20、environment. I dont want you screw up my report due on Friday. ii. Accounting process 記賬過(guò)程記賬過(guò)程是從分錄開始，就是entries，可以是手工的分錄(manual entries)，也可能是系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的分錄（entries generated by the system）。然后這些分錄要在系統(tǒng)中記進(jìn)特定的帳（journals）中，有的軟件專門有一個(gè)操作叫journalize，就是把自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的分錄經(jīng)過(guò)財(cái)務(wù)人員審核后記入系統(tǒng)的帳中去。記賬后，還有一個(gè)操作叫post。一般在post之后就不能修改分錄了。上面討

21、論的過(guò)程叫做process，ERP實(shí)施就是把一個(gè)一個(gè)的process在系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)。把一個(gè)復(fù)雜的process制定成一套規(guī)則，并且寫成文件，就形成一個(gè)規(guī)程，叫procedure。一個(gè)procedure，通常是比較書卷氣的法律條文式的文件，并不適合使用者讀懂掌握，那么就會(huì)另外寫成使用手冊(cè)式的文件，用來(lái)培訓(xùn)，或者備查，這種文件叫做manual，或者user manual。把process做成簡(jiǎn)單明了的圖，叫process flowchart，或diagram。比如我們前面各章都是先給出一個(gè)流程圖（flowchart），然后就把一個(gè)過(guò)程用文字和屏幕抓圖(screen printouts)敘述這個(gè)流程。

22、這樣就是用戶手冊(cè)（manual）。財(cái)務(wù)每個(gè)月底都要做月結(jié)（或者準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是在下個(gè)月的月頭）。月結(jié)是一個(gè)相當(dāng)繁瑣的過(guò)程，叫做monthly closing。每年也有一個(gè)結(jié)算，叫做annual closing。還有審計(jì)在每年的一定月份進(jìn)行，叫auditing。有內(nèi)部審計(jì)，internal audit，是總部派人來(lái)做的，往往會(huì)超出財(cái)務(wù)的范圍，審查工作進(jìn)行的狀況。Entry 和Transaction，經(jīng)常是混用的。這里entry是指人輸入的，是手工產(chǎn)生的記錄；transactions，是泛指所有產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)記錄，記載財(cái)務(wù)或者物流的變動(dòng)，可能是自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的。所以如果財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)要看所有的存貨的變動(dòng)，會(huì)說(shuō)：”Cou

23、ld you please bring me all the transactions of the stock movement?” 如果要查一下誰(shuí)做的一筆錯(cuò)的分錄，會(huì)說(shuō)：“Please find out who did this entry?”要注意transaction的用法是很靈活的，比如有在存貨模塊有BPs transactions，是指與BP(商業(yè)伙伴，business partner)之間的存貨往來(lái)。有時(shí)transaction是交易記錄的意思。每個(gè)月作完報(bào)表之后，要關(guān)帳，close the period。Period，經(jīng)常是指月。例：Which period? You have

24、put it in a wrong period! Could you show it by periods? 等等，都是指月。報(bào)表的數(shù)據(jù)由當(dāng)月的數(shù)字，累計(jì)的數(shù)字，預(yù)算的數(shù)字，等等。要分清是actual， cumulative，budget，還是forecast。例：§ I want actual versus forecast。§ We need the report also shows the cumulative。在財(cái)務(wù)分錄方面，有各種憑證。憑證種類（document types）是重要的查詢線索。我們?cè)诘谝徽禄A(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)中已經(jīng)敘述過(guò)憑證種類，這里再詳細(xì)列出來(lái)（中英對(duì)照

25、）：CICustomer Invoice銷售發(fā)票CLOYear-End Closing年底關(guān)帳CMCustomer Memo銷售退款CSTStandard Cost Revision標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本修訂CURCurrency Variance外匯差異EXCException例外GENGeneral Adjustment總賬調(diào)整GPHPhysical Stock Taking盤點(diǎn)IMRInventory Receipt存貨接收IRCInvoice Receipt收款I(lǐng)SSPayment Issue付款MFIManufacturing Interface-Iss生產(chǎn)發(fā)放MFRManufacturing I

26、nterface-Rec生產(chǎn)接收MOMiscellaneous Operation雜項(xiàng)NPNew Period新期段OPROperation Reporting工序報(bào)告PCCProduction Cost Calculation生產(chǎn)成本計(jì)算PCJRecurring Journals自動(dòng)重復(fù)記賬RECPayment Receipt付款收據(jù)SISupplier Invoice供應(yīng)商發(fā)票SIGGeneral Simulation總賬模擬SMSupplier Memo采購(gòu)?fù)丝頢TABP Statements商業(yè)伙伴對(duì)賬單STIStock Interface-Iss存貨發(fā)放STKStock Interf

27、ace-Physical存貨盤點(diǎn)STRStock Interface-Rec存貨接收WIPProduction Cost生產(chǎn)成本例：§ I feel strange that the finished goods transaction generated from the production order goes to the STR type.² Oh, no. It should goes to the MFR type. Something is wrong with the setup.§ I hate this. Every time we have

28、 some problem, we have nothing to do but wait for the consultants to check the setup. ² Me too. I think we should learn how to setup.iii. Finance Reports財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表有Balance sheet和Profit & Loss，就是BS和P&L，資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表和損益表。此外系統(tǒng)提供大量的管理報(bào)表，下面是ADONIX附帶的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表清單：GLRecurring journal listing自動(dòng)重復(fù)記賬憑證清單GL De

29、tail Account Balance總賬明細(xì)科目余額Pre-consolidation Balances匯總報(bào)表前的余額Batch Listing批憑證清單Collective Account Journals多個(gè)科目的明細(xì)賬General Account Journals總賬科目明細(xì)Chart of Accounts科目表Account Balance Report科目余額報(bào)告General Bal-Beginning of Year總賬余額-年初報(bào)表Account Balances - Begin of Year科目余額年初報(bào)表General Ledger總賬GL in Two Cur

30、rencies兩種貨幣總賬BP General Ledger 2 Currencies2種貨幣商業(yè)伙伴總賬State of Control of VAT增值稅控制狀態(tài)Journal Entry List憑證錄入清單Accounting Journals會(huì)計(jì)憑證Journal Distribution Report憑證分布報(bào)告AP/ARActual Customer Reminder客戶付款提醒單Actual Reminder-Reprint付款提醒單（再打?。〢/R Invoice應(yīng)收發(fā)票BP Aged Trial Balance商業(yè)伙伴帳齡試算Bank Statement銀行對(duì)賬單Cash

31、Requirements Report現(xiàn)金需求報(bào)告Customer ATB客戶帳齡試算Checks支票Checks Register支票登記Check Stubs支票存根Customer Invoice Distribution客戶發(fā)票分布報(bào)告Customer Invoice Register客戶發(fā)票登記Customer Statement客戶對(duì)賬單Business Partner Due Dates商業(yè)伙伴付賬到期日期報(bào)告Invoices Held for Payment暫停支付發(fā)票報(bào)告Back Allocation Listing銀行分?jǐn)偳鍐蜳ayment Listing付款清單Non-V

32、alidated Payments未到帳付款清單Bank Reconciliation Report銀行對(duì)帳報(bào)告Due dates 到期日期Reconciliation 對(duì)帳或者合并，有時(shí)候檢查數(shù)據(jù)也可以用這個(gè)詞。例：After you reconcile the numbers from the stock, please give me a monthly summary。Non-Validated payment validate是指核實(shí)的，在這里相當(dāng)于confirm的意思。ADONIX使用非常普遍的報(bào)表編寫軟件，水晶報(bào)表，就是Crystal Report，作為客戶的編寫報(bào)表的工具。在使

33、用中，可以先瀏覽這些報(bào)表，了解格式，選擇對(duì)自己業(yè)務(wù)有用的，修改一下使用。b) 物流術(shù)語(yǔ)物流，Logistics，通常指Procurement，Sales Management，Inventory Management，即采購(gòu)、銷售管理和存貨管理模塊，也就是俗稱進(jìn)銷存的幾個(gè)模塊。也有叫Distribution的，直譯為分銷模塊。還有把商業(yè)企業(yè)，就是非制造業(yè)的流通行業(yè)叫做distribution的。而制造業(yè)的叫manufacturing。i. Procurement采購(gòu)管理Procurement是比較文縐縐的說(shuō)法，直截了當(dāng)可以叫purchase management。一個(gè)采購(gòu)過(guò)程往往起源于Purc

34、hase Request ，采購(gòu)請(qǐng)求。如果采購(gòu)請(qǐng)求得到批準(zhǔn)（approval），采購(gòu)部門的主管（buyer，買手）就開始處理這項(xiàng)采購(gòu)，process a purchase order。先可能進(jìn)行詢價(jià)。Request for Quote，縮寫為RFQ，詢價(jià)單。然后，就會(huì)選擇一家供應(yīng)商，supplier，供貨。倉(cāng)庫(kù)在供應(yīng)商送貨來(lái)時(shí)按照采購(gòu)單收貨，就是receiving。倉(cāng)庫(kù)收貨憑證可以是receipt，這個(gè)詞也可以是收據(jù)，發(fā)音時(shí)注意不要把p念出來(lái)。另兩個(gè)字根相同的詞reception，receptionist的p音都是發(fā)音的。收貨時(shí)可能會(huì)同時(shí)收到供應(yīng)商發(fā)票（supplier invoice），財(cái)務(wù)

35、部會(huì)核對(duì)這些原始憑證（voucher），然后把發(fā)票記賬。最后在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)付款。例：1. Please forward all the signed purchase order together with the goods receipts to the AP accountant. We need all the numbers to match the invoice before we enter the invoice into the system.2. I will bind the vouchers to the invoice report.3. Can we print th

36、e vouchers on the 立信 formatted paper?4. How shall we apply for a computerized accounting permit?5. We have to have a parallel run of the manual books together with our ERPsystem for a three-month period.采購(gòu)過(guò)程必然是受到控制的，因此需要審核。西方管理的觀點(diǎn)側(cè)重于授權(quán)，就是認(rèn)為高級(jí)的負(fù)責(zé)人在下屬提出采購(gòu)申請(qǐng)時(shí)授權(quán)采購(gòu)部采購(gòu)。因此用authorize的說(shuō)法?；蛘咭部梢允褂胊pprove，appro

37、val，這就是批準(zhǔn)的意思。例：1. We need you to authorize the purchase order。Otherwise we cannot print it.2. When I am not in office I have delegate my authority to my assistant. She will take over the approvals as long as the amount does not excess 5000 RMB.3. I am waiting for Mark to approve the purchase request

38、. It has been on his desk for weeks.例： § I dont understand why you give me so many documents to sign everyday. I think we should setup a procedure so that the purchase requests should be approved once a week, not everyday. ² Well, how about the urgent purchase orders?§ But if we have

39、an ERP system, we suppose to use it for planning. We should have few urgent purchases.² Sorry, John, it is just an ideal expectation. In the reality we need you to sign all these documents, maybe not everyday, but definitely not once a week.我國(guó)的企業(yè)在采購(gòu)付款方面往往需要嚴(yán)格的審批制度，西方管理思想在這點(diǎn)上有所不同。西方管理控制主要采購(gòu)申請(qǐng)的批準(zhǔn)

40、上，一旦批準(zhǔn)了，就等于批準(zhǔn)了付款。所以付款的批準(zhǔn)沒有必要在逐級(jí)審批。所以很多ERP軟件有完整的采購(gòu)審批工作流設(shè)置，但沒有付款審批工作流。例：§ I dont understand why I need to sign this form again?² Oh, no, Mr. CEO, this is not the old form. This is payment application. § But I remember I have approved this purchase last month.² Yes, Mr. CEO. Now we

41、have received the invoice and we need to pay the supplier. I need you to approve it, so we can process the payment.§ You said we have got their invoice? Have we received the goods?² Yes, we have.§ I approved the purchase, the price; and we received the goods; then why you need me to a

42、pprove the payment? You think we have any intention to not pay it, dont you?ii. Sales Management銷售管理也有叫Sales Order Management的。Sales 可以用來(lái)稱呼銷售人員,就是sales rep（銷售代表的意思）。She is our sales。我們也說(shuō)：All our business depends on our sales。一起銷售起源于客戶的訂單，sales order。對(duì)于客戶往往會(huì)給予一定的信貸額度(credit)，這樣就要管理客戶的信貸（credit manage

43、ment）。在ADONIX中，接到銷售訂單之后就要分配庫(kù)存，就是把可承諾的存貨按照銷售訂單分配，就是allocate the available stock to the sales orders，或者叫commit the stock to the SOs。倉(cāng)庫(kù)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間就要備貨，就是按照檢貨單（picking list）把商品準(zhǔn)備好，裝運(yùn)（loading）。這時(shí)候打印一份送貨單(delivery note, DN)。系統(tǒng)根據(jù)DN就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一張發(fā)票，就是sales invoice。但是增值稅發(fā)票不是系統(tǒng)可以打印的，這一點(diǎn)這么陳述：例：A VAT invoice is like money.

44、We have to use specific software for VAT invoice printing. Our system invoice is not VAT invoice. We need a matching system to connect our system invoice to the VAT invoice. We can outsource to a software company to program the interface. Channels銷售往往是通過(guò)銷售渠道進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的，而渠道管理可能是分區(qū)域(area management)的。Pricin

45、g 定價(jià)是一門學(xué)問.軟件系統(tǒng)中的定價(jià)功能很復(fù)雜。Quotes & Quota一個(gè)是報(bào)價(jià)，一個(gè)是指標(biāo)。Complaint management：投訴管理。就是專門處理客戶的投訴，幫助客戶解決問題。例：1. Every sales has a reasonable quota. My policy is to merit each person by the quota. If you cannot fulfill the quota, we can lower it. But then youll have less bonus.2. Why dont we use the Quotat

46、ion function of the software? I think our current pricing management is in chaos. 3. Dont forget you are an area manager. Your responsibility is to maintain our channels in that area. iii. Inventory Management存貨管理存貨管理主要是各種收發(fā)貨和盤點(diǎn)，就是issue、receive、和physical count。盤點(diǎn)還可以只叫physical，或count。這里的count不是計(jì)算的意思，

47、是數(shù)數(shù)的意思。存貨管理的處所就是倉(cāng)庫(kù)(warehouse)，倉(cāng)庫(kù)又分割為庫(kù)位(location)?？梢栽O(shè)置虛擬的倉(cāng)庫(kù)，就是virtual warehouse、logical warehouse。存貨，stock，或者goods，又分為原材料、半成品和成品，即materials、semi-product、和product，或finished goods。廢品scrap，可以存放到廢品庫(kù)，可能就是倉(cāng)庫(kù)的一個(gè)角落，但是在系統(tǒng)中把它設(shè)為廢品庫(kù)。例：1. We should setup a logical warehouse called “scrap”, and probably another ca

48、lled “QC” for the goods waiting for a lab test。2. When you do the physical, you have to count all finished goods, the materials, and the semi-products as well, including scraps, goods in the QC warehouse, returned goods and anything in the warehouse.3. We first print a count sheet, with all goods on

49、 it. Then we take the list, go to the warehouse, count the numbers of the goods on the list. We take down the numbers, record them on the sheet. We take the sheet back, and enter the numbers into the system. The accountants will then work on the numbers.倉(cāng)庫(kù)發(fā)貨可能是貨品借出，就是loan。這個(gè)loan不是貸款的意思。4. I know why

50、 your number is wrong, you did not count the loans in customers places. The loans are still our goods, not theirs. 存貨管理部門往往也是運(yùn)輸管理的部門，因此會(huì)兼顧運(yùn)輸?shù)难b運(yùn)、車輛、統(tǒng)計(jì)運(yùn)費(fèi)等等。所以我們需要用到下面的術(shù)語(yǔ)：shipments（發(fā)貨，送貨，裝運(yùn)），trucks(卡車)，shipment statistics，運(yùn)輸統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。例：5. How many shipments do we dispatch each day?6. Please check the shipme

51、nt against the delivery note, and sign it.7. Please ask them load this SO first, it is urgent.8. We need an agent to handle the trucking.9. Our Finance Director asks for a report of trucking fees. He wants a detailed report of all shipments, sorted according to the dates, then the sequence of SOs, w

52、ith mileages, and fees for each load. iv. 物流報(bào)表Approval Rules采購(gòu)審批規(guī)則Request for Quote詢價(jià)單Supplier PO Form采購(gòu)單Contract PO Form采購(gòu)合同Purchase Request Form請(qǐng)購(gòu)單Supplier Return Picking List采購(gòu)?fù)素洆熵泦蜸upplier PO Receiving Log采購(gòu)收貨日志Supplier Return采購(gòu)?fù)素泩?bào)告Contract PO Listing合同清單Contract PO Status合同狀態(tài)報(bào)告Expected Purchase

53、 Orders待收采購(gòu)單Open PO by Item按貨品查未完成采購(gòu)單Invoice Control Note采購(gòu)發(fā)票控制單List of RFQ's詢價(jià)單清單Allocations庫(kù)存分配Transfer Log調(diào)撥日志Inventory Counted List已盤點(diǎn)存貨清單Inventory Count Worksheet存貨盤點(diǎn)單Inventory Serial Numbers存貨序列號(hào)Net Requirements Report凈需求報(bào)告Labels標(biāo)簽Expired Stock過(guò)期存貨Quality File Report質(zhì)量報(bào)告Inactive Stock呆滯存貨報(bào)

54、告Counted Inventory Listing已盤點(diǎn)存貨清單Inventory Count Serial Numbers按序列號(hào)盤點(diǎn)單Location Plates庫(kù)位吊牌Products by Location按庫(kù)位查產(chǎn)品QC Analysis Results質(zhì)檢結(jié)果分析Receipt Labels- ADC收貨標(biāo)簽-ADCStock by Site按倉(cāng)庫(kù)查存貨Stock Journal Register存貨記賬報(bào)告Stock Transactions存貨往來(lái)報(bào)告Lot Detail by Site Report按倉(cāng)庫(kù)查批號(hào)細(xì)節(jié)報(bào)告Locations by Products按產(chǎn)品查庫(kù)位

55、c) 生產(chǎn)術(shù)語(yǔ)生產(chǎn)模塊，manufacturing，或production，往往包含諸如BOM，MPS，MRP，CRP，Workshop Floor等子模塊或功能。前面介紹過(guò)這些術(shù)語(yǔ)，我們不再重復(fù)。我們把一些ADONIX的生產(chǎn)報(bào)表列出來(lái)：ManufMaterial Issue Slip (ADC)原料發(fā)放單（ADC)Operation Yield Analysis工序效率分析Overdue Order Analysis過(guò)期工單分析Production Cost Details生產(chǎn)成本明細(xì)Production Slip (ADC)生產(chǎn)單（ADC)Material Yield原料效率分析Resou

56、rce Yield資源效率分析Resource Utilization Analysis資源使用分析Late Order Analysis延遲工單分析Routing Sheet (ADC)工藝路線單（ADC)Routing Code Listing工藝路線代碼清單Standard Operations Listing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工序清單Overhead Category Listing費(fèi)用類別清單Reorder Policy Listing再訂貨策略清單Weekly Structure Listing周工作日歷結(jié)構(gòu)清單Technical Sheets質(zhì)檢技術(shù)表單對(duì)于一個(gè)使用生產(chǎn)模塊的管理人員，比如，planner，就是生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃員，需要充分了解 1 王興德，現(xiàn)代管理決策的計(jì)算機(jī)方法，中國(guó)財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)出版社，19992 陳啟申，供需鏈管理和ERP，中國(guó)機(jī)械出版社，20003 Plossl, George W., Production and Inventory Control: Principles and Techniq