中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法特輯之非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)詞不定式

1、非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)詞不定式一. 定義:動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種,它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形三. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)后面能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, lea rn, want, wish, would like等。We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。The girl decided to do it herself. 那個(gè)姑娘決定自己做那件事。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)(2點(diǎn)1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但含義不

2、同:remember to do 記住要做某事remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事forget to do忘記要做某事forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before.我記得以前在哪兒見(jiàn)過(guò)你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.離開(kāi)時(shí)請(qǐng)記得關(guān)好燈。2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),則要把不定式放

3、到后面,用it作形式賓語(yǔ),構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。四. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wi sh, help等。The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。We helped her (to repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自

4、行車。2. 使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。Lets have a rest. 我們休息一會(huì)吧。I saw him come in. 我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)了。感官動(dòng)詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),也可跟v-ing作賓補(bǔ),前者表示動(dòng)作的全部過(guò)程已結(jié)束;后者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。I saw him come downstairs.我看見(jiàn)他下了樓。(說(shuō)明他下樓了這件事I saw him coming downstairs.我看見(jiàn)他在下樓。(說(shuō)明他下樓時(shí)的情景五. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)Later he left

5、 home to work in different cities. 不久他離開(kāi)家到不同的城市工作。He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.為了趕上其他同學(xué),我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。六. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞的后面。I need something to eat.Do you have something to read?Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.He is

6、really a fool only to eat.The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.The doctor had no way to save the patient.注意:(1作定語(yǔ)的不定式是由及物動(dòng)詞組成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關(guān)系需要有介詞。I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關(guān)系We have many things to do experiments with.我們有許多做實(shí)驗(yàn)的東西(方式關(guān)系(2作定語(yǔ)的不定式是由“be + a

7、dj + prep”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Here there isnt any book for me to be interested in.We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。七. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)To give is better than to receive.To reach there on foot is impossible.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用it 代替,把實(shí)際主語(yǔ)不定式放在后面。Its better to give than to receive.Its impossible to reach there

8、on foot.Its + adj + f or sb. to do sth.Its not difficult for me to study English well.Its easy for him to work out this math problem.在這個(gè)句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)關(guān)系密切,并且形容詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等,由of引出邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wr ong, right等。八. 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。How to do is still a question.Have you decided when to leave?九. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶