高中定語從句講解與歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中定語從句精講 一、誤認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞whose只用于修飾人whose用作疑問代詞時(shí)，主要用于指人；但用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座島，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 這家工廠工人都是婦女，在假期中工廠關(guān)門了。二、混淆定語從句與并列句請(qǐng)看下面兩題：1. He has two children, and both of _ are abr

2、oad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who2. He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who第1題選A，第2題選C。由于第1題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個(gè)句子為并列句，and后應(yīng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的簡單句，所以選A不選C；第2題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。另外，請(qǐng)比較下面一題：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. them B. which C. whom

3、D. who此題答案為A，其中的both of them being abroad為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆唤M類似的例子：1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that第1應(yīng)選B，而不能選C，是因?yàn)榫渲械?trans

4、lated 是過去分詞(非謂語動(dòng)詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第2應(yīng)選C，因?yàn)榫渲杏兄^語 were translated。比較下面一例：He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that此題與上面的第2題不同，兩句間多了一個(gè)并列連詞and，說明這是一個(gè)并列句，故應(yīng)選B，則不能選C。三、混淆關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞有的同學(xué)一看到先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，就認(rèn)為一定要用關(guān)系副詞，其實(shí)也不一定。在此情況下，還要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中

5、是用作什么成分，若是用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞，若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關(guān)系副詞，而用關(guān)系代詞。比較：This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動(dòng)詞where在從句中用作狀語)This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想?yún)⒂^的工廠。(visit為及物動(dòng)詞，that用作visit的賓語)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因?yàn)樗×恕?come為不及物動(dòng)詞，why在定語從句中用作狀語

6、)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動(dòng)詞，that在定語從句中用作其賓語)比較下面的考題：1. This is the room _I lived ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what2. This is the room _I lived in ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what3. This is the room _I bought ten years ago.A. tha

7、t B. where C. who D. what4. This is the room _I visited ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what5. This is the room _I was born ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what第1題選B，因?yàn)?live 是不及物動(dòng)詞，它無需接賓語；第2題選A，因?yàn)殡m然 live 不及物，但live in 卻是及物，它應(yīng)有自己的賓語；第3、4題也應(yīng)選A，因?yàn)?buy 和 visit均為及物動(dòng)詞，它們應(yīng)有自己的賓語；第5應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)?b

8、e born 無需有自己的賓語。四、誤認(rèn)為逗號(hào)后一定是非限制性定語從句有的同學(xué)一看見逗號(hào)，就以為一定要選which而不選that，但問題是有時(shí)根本就不是定語從句。如：1. If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. as B. which C. what D. that2. When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating.A. as B. which C. what D. that以上兩題均應(yīng)選that，而不能選which，因?yàn)樗鼈兏静皇嵌ㄕZ從句。之所以選that，是因?yàn)?/p>

9、句中已有if和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，逗號(hào)后為主句，that為主句主語。第一種類型：考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“這(那)件事”，在這些從句中which作主語或賓語。如：1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)A. which B. that C. this D. it解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語。答案為A。 第二種類型：考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as也可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，但

10、不同于which的是，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在這些從句中as 作主語或賓語。如：1. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)A. When B. After C. As D. Since解析：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且位于主句之前，用as引導(dǎo)。答案為C。 第三種類型：考查由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用于這種情況的關(guān)系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵，可以遵循

11、以下四個(gè)原則：(1)根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語。(2)根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語。(3)根據(jù)定語從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語時(shí)，可分別用when, where, why替換。(4)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不是由固定的動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成的，這時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。如：1. He was educated at a local

12、grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. (山東卷)A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (江西卷)A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which解析：第1題選C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2題選D

13、，考查的對(duì)應(yīng)搭配是be trained for the jobs。第四種類型：考查由where, when, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞where, when, why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它們分別在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)時(shí)間、原因狀語。如：1.Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)A. that B. which C. where D. what解析：選where，表示“的地方”，引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示地點(diǎn)。定語從句中如何判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系

14、副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。） （錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯(cuò)） I will never

15、 forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對(duì)） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （對(duì)） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum

16、 _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that

17、, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。定語從句中that和which的區(qū)別；首先，that和which在從句里都可以做賓語和主語，做賓語時(shí)可以省略。在定語從句中,有種說法叫"關(guān)賓省",意思是關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語可以省略,不管是that，which，還是whom。但是which能引導(dǎo)

18、非限制性定語從句，that則不行。其次，記得以下只能用that的幾種情況：1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事情。Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有關(guān)此事，凡是你所知道的請(qǐng)告訴我。2. 當(dāng)先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)。如：You can

19、 take any seat that is free. 任何空著的座位你都可以坐。There is little work that is fit for you. 幾乎沒有適合你的工作。3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人們談?wù)撈鹬袊某鞘械臅r(shí)候，我首先 想到的是北京。This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

20、這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。4. 當(dāng)先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是賠禮道歉了。This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。5. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 這正是我在找的

21、書。The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的事就是等待。注意：先行詞被the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞也可用as。如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一樣的書。6. 當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時(shí)。如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。7. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who，which，what或主句以這些詞開頭時(shí)。如：Who that

22、 has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他？Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪個(gè)是離地球比較近的星星？8. 當(dāng)先行詞為主句表語或關(guān)系代詞為從句表語時(shí)。如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本對(duì)你很有幫助的書。Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我們的學(xué)校現(xiàn)在已不是過去的那個(gè)樣子了。9. 先行

23、詞為time時(shí)，當(dāng)time表示次數(shù)，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 可省略。 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間，可用that或when引導(dǎo)，都可省略。如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地記得當(dāng)我第一次聽到世界上最美的聲音的時(shí)候。I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不記得上個(gè)月到達(dá)上海的確切時(shí)間了。最后，請(qǐng)注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:1. 在“介詞

24、關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。如： The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首， which就可換為that， 例如： This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about

25、 which we've had so much discussion. 這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。2. 先行詞為“those表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.最后，記得這個(gè)特殊情況吧：當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時(shí)，可以用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于介詞+which，that可以省略。如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for whic

26、h) she loves his father. 她喜歡那個(gè)孩子因?yàn)樗龕壑⒆拥母赣H。He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜歡她對(duì)他的母親那樣說話。Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很難想象，他開車開得那么快。The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他來這里的原因是尋求我們的幫助。關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句的現(xiàn)行詞一般都是表示時(shí)間的名詞。此時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。When的含義有時(shí)候相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"，因此常常跟"介詞+which"交替使用。下面和小編一起詳細(xì)了解一下關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句的具體用法吧！When引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾限定，在語法功能上就是一個(gè)定語。例句1：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。例