新概念英語第二冊筆記-第31課

1、Lesson 31Success Story成功者的故事What was Frank's first job?Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles an

2、d at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed

3、 seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repairtheir grandson'sbicycle!參考譯文昨天下午弗蘭克.霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。在退休前，弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理，但他小時候卻在一家小

4、鋪里做工。他那時的工作是修理自行車，并且通常是一天工作14個小時。他靠多年積蓄，于1958年買下了自己的一個小鋪子。20多歲的時候，弗蘭克曾生產(chǎn)飛機零配件。那時他有兩個幫手。幾年之后，小鋪子已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個雇有728人的大工廠。弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過的漫長的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑著的時候門開了，他的妻子走了進來。她叫他去修理孫子的自行車。【New words and expressions】（8 ）1 retire ri'tai ? v.退休2 company'k ?mp ?ni n.公司3 bicycle 'baisik( ?)l n.4 savesei

5、v v. 積蓄自行車5 workshop'w ? :k ?p n.車間6 helper 'help ? n.幫手,助手7 employ im'pl ?i v.雇傭8 grandson'gr? ns ?n n.孫子、單詞講解retire)vi .退休，退職give up one s regular work ,esp. because of age例：He retired from his directorship at the age of 60.他60歲的時候從主管的職位退休了。2)v .(正式用語)就寢retire for the night 就寢3)V .

6、退下例：The ladies retired into the drawing room.女士們到客廳里去了。drawing room 客廳(尤指私人大宅中的)retired adj .退休的例 : I am retired now so I have time to learn English.我現(xiàn)在退休了，有時間學(xué)習(xí)英語了。retirement n 。退休，退職a graceful retirement 體面的退休compulsory retirement強迫退休resign vi 辭職例 : I was tired of my boring job, so I resigned yest

7、erday.我對那枯燥的工作感到厭倦，所以我昨天辭職了。employ 雇傭employer雇主employee雇員hire 雇傭recruit 招募，征募解雇：dismiss fireet the axe get the sack失業(yè)：be out of worklose one' s jobhired ， tired and fired 被雇傭了，累的半死又被解雇了。company1）n 公司，商號firm:指兩個人以上合資經(jīng)營的商業(yè)機構(gòu)a trading firm 貿(mào)易公司corporation （美）股份有限公司（略為 corp ）a limited（liability）comp

8、any 有限責(zé)任公司2） 陪同，同座的人，交際，交往例： I enjoyed his company ! 有他為伴真是愉快！be fond of company好交際3） 伙伴，朋友，同伴例 : A man is known by the company he keeps.（諺）近朱者赤，近墨者黑。bicycle 自行車（口語成為bike ）構(gòu)成：bi （兩個）+cycle （輪子）get on a bicycle/mount a bicycle上自行車get off a bicycle下自行車?yán)?Can you ride a bicycle? 你會騎自行車嗎？motorcycle 摩托車（

9、口）motorbikesave1） v 挽救，救save sb/save sthsave one' s life 挽救某人的生命save one' s face 保全面子 lose one's face 丟臉SOS: save our soul/save our ship 例 : She saved an old man from the fire. 她在大火中救出了老人。2） 儲存（錢），儲蓄，節(jié)省，保留，省去（勞力，時間，花費等）例 : He saved money for years and bought a real bed.他攢了很多年的錢買了一張床。He s

10、aved money for years and bought an apartment. 他攢了很多年的錢買了一個公寓。It's wise to save part of our salary each month.每個月把丁資存起來一部分是很明智的。Save your strength for the hard work you' ll have to do later.為了你后面要做的工作你省省力氣吧。Don' t read in the sun .Save your eyes （保護視力）不要在陽光一下讀書，保護你的視力。Computers save a lot

11、 of time and energy.計算機為我們節(jié)省了很多時間和精力。That saved me going out 那我就不用出去了。savings n 積蓄save V.挽救rescue V （從危險，囚禁等中）搭救或拯救出。ooworkshopn 車間，工作場所，作坊，小工廠（ 亦可簡稱為shop）plant 工廠a chemical plant 化學(xué)工廠power plant 發(fā)電廠helper n .幫手，助手 a household helper 傭人，家仆 help V.幫助 ： Help me! 救命！ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事On hearing

12、the news, I can' t help laughing.一聽到這個消啟、我忍不住笑了。Heaven helps those who help themselves， （諺語）天助自助者。so help me 我對大發(fā)誓I really swam across the river , so help me.我真的游過那條河了，我發(fā)誓。God help you 上帝幫助你（用于對別人的安全表示擔(dān)心） 例： God help you if the teacher finds out.要是老師發(fā)現(xiàn)你就慘了employ vt.雇傭例：The director employs two i

13、nterpreters.主管雇傭了兩個口譯人員。She is employed in a bank .他就職于一家銀行。employ oneself in/be employed in從事一，做, 忙于一例：She was busily employed in preparing dinner for five guests.他忙于給五個客人準(zhǔn)備晚飯。employer 雇主employee 雇員a government employee公務(wù)員a white collar employee白領(lǐng)員工interviewer面試官：采訪的人員（記者） 'int9vju : ainterview

14、ee參見面試的人；被采訪者examiner 主考官examinee 考試的人employment n.雇傭unemployment n.失業(yè)full employment充分就業(yè)employment agency （民間的）職業(yè)介紹所grandson n . 孫子，外孫子grand-用以構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞，表示家族關(guān)系granddaughter 外孫女，孫女9randmother 祖母，外祖母grandfather 祖父，外祖父9randpa 祖父，外祖父grandma 祖母，外祖母granny 老奶奶great-grandson 曾孫子great-grandfather曾祖父例： Every po

15、tter praises his pot王婆賣瓜賣弄自夸。grandfather clock落地式大擺鐘。二、關(guān)鍵句型 Key Structuresl、過去進行時和一般過去時：兩者都是過去發(fā)生的動作，但是前者強調(diào)過某一時刻正在進行的動作，其結(jié)構(gòu)為was/were + V . -ing;而一般過去時是過去發(fā)生完的動作或情況，強調(diào)一種結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。兩種時態(tài)經(jīng)常配合使用。例：When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.我正在給花園澆水的時候下雨了。As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my

16、foot. 當(dāng)我上公車的時候，我摔倒了并弄傷了腳。2 、過去進行時和一般過去時：1)used to do“過去常常做 . ”， 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不這樣了，可看成是一般過去時的特殊形式。相當(dāng)于oftenDid-(was/were .)例 : I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.我過去總是乘公共汽車上班，現(xiàn)在我開車去上班。Before, I often went to work by bus.例 : He used to be a postman a long time ago. He' s a taxi driver now很久以前他是一個郵

17、遞員，現(xiàn)在他是一個出租車司機。He was a postman a long time ago.例 : I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.我現(xiàn)在戒煙了，我過去吸煙吸的很重。I often smoked very heavily before.例 : I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.當(dāng)我還是小男孩的時候我收集郵票。My uncle used to live in New Zealand but he' s now living in Australia. 我的叔叔

18、過去住在新西蘭，現(xiàn)在住在澳大利亞了。 2)be used to doing 習(xí)慣(于)做 become used to doing get used to doing例 : I used to go to work by bus, but I am used to going by bus.我過去總是坐公共汽車上班，而現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣開車去上班。He is used to this kind of job.他已經(jīng)對這種工作習(xí)慣了。I am not used to getting up early.我不習(xí)慣于早起。You'll soon get used to our way of livin

19、g.你很快就會習(xí)慣我們的生活方式。Exercise ：用正確的時態(tài)填空。1) While my wife (work) in the kitchen, I (sit)in the garden.I (look) at cars which(pass) in the street, when a small car (stop) outside my gate andman (get) out.2) I was most surprised to see that the man was Ted Hale. We (be)at the same school years ago.In those

20、 days, Ted (come) to our house nearly day and we often (go) out together3) We (be) great friends, but one day we (quarrel) and I never (see) him again. Ashe (get) out of his car , I (call) my life and we both (hurry) out to greet an oldfriend.答案：1) was working was sifting was looking were passing st

21、opped got2) were/had been used to come /came used to go/went3） were quarreledsaw was gettingcalledhurried三、課文講解TextYesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. as a young man/when he was a young man 時間狀語，交代敘述時間為過去時 experience1） u經(jīng)驗，體驗例 ：Experience is the bes

22、t teacher . I know it from experience.經(jīng)驗是最好的老師，我憑經(jīng)驗知道的。2）C經(jīng)驗之事，經(jīng)歷have a pleasant experience有個愉快的經(jīng)驗例：Please tell us of your experiences while in Africa.給我們講一下你在非洲的經(jīng)歷。experienced adj .有經(jīng)驗的例：He is an experienced worked .他是一個有經(jīng)驗的工人。a skilled worker 技工Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large

23、 business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.head1）頭I am taller than my sister by a head.我比我妹妹高一頭。2）頭腦，智力Two heads are better than one.）三個臭皮匠頂一個諸葛亮。3）頭目the head of a firm公司總裁4）首位，最高位例：Who is at the head of your class?你們班第一名是誰？5）人頭數(shù)，人數(shù)ten dollars per head . 每人 10 美元。above one'

24、s head（深奧得）使人無法理解例:The novel is a little above my head.這個小說我無法看懂。used to do過去常常做 例：I used to drink .我過去常常喝酒。I didn't use to drink .我過去不常喝酒。Did you use to drink?你過去常常喝酒嗎？美有時用：Used （you）to."例： Used you to drink? 你過去常喝酒嗎？I used to ride a bicycle, but now I drive a Cadillac.我過去常常騎白行車，但是現(xiàn)在我開卡迪拉克

25、。I used to ride a bicycle, but it was stolen yesterday. so I came here on foot.I used to like Mary, but now I like Rose.我過去喜歡Mary ，但是現(xiàn)在我喜歡Rose 。I used to be a taxi-driver 我過去是一個出租車司機。Oh, really? I didn t even know you could drive.哦，真的嗎？我不知道你會開車呢。I used to be a long-distance runner, but I'm so fa

26、t now.我過去是一個長跑運動員，但是現(xiàn)在我太胖了。It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.it 是形式主語，不定式才是真正的主語。在英語中。為避免頭重腳輕，保持句子整體平衡，用形式主語it 來代替真正的長主語：例： It is quite impossible to finish this large book in a mouth 一個月看完這本大書是不可能的。It is necessary for you to recite all the passa

27、ges.背誦所有的課文是必要的。.和你談話真有意思。I t is interesting to talk to youHe saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. a small workshop of his own（ 強調(diào)）/his own small workshopown 放在所有格代詞之后，強調(diào)特有，固有的意味。my own ideas 我自己的主意with my own eyes 親眼目睹Do so for your own sake 為了你自己去那樣做。one s own 目

28、已陰爾四例： The three children grew up and had families of their own.那三個小孩長大成人，并且結(jié)婚生子。on one' s own/alone 獨自，靠自己例： He runs a factory on his own 他獨自經(jīng)營那家工廠。In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aero planes. At that time .he had two helpers.在 . 二十幾歲的時候在 . 二十出頭的時候在 . 快三十歲的時候在二十歲in one' s

29、 twentiesin one' s early twentiesin one's late twentiesat the age of twenty in the twenties 在二十年代in the 1920， S 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代粟配件，備件 aeroplane 飛機In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which empoyed seven hundred and twenty eight people.定語從句修飾factoryFrank smiled when he remem

30、bered his hard early years and the long road to success. remember: recall; think back hard1) 堅硬的( 反義詞：soft)hard wood: 堅硬的木頭hard rock 堅硬的巖石：2) 困難的(difficult)a hard task to carry out要執(zhí)行的艱難任務(wù)3) 刻苦的，勤奮的a hard worker 一個勤奮的工人4) 艱苦的例 These are hard times 那時是艱難的時期。5) 嚴(yán)厲的，無情的a hard teacher 一個嚴(yán)厲的老師the long ro

31、ad to success漫長的成功之路He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in* still adv 仍舊，仍然例 : He was still smiling.She wantedhim to repair their grandson's bicycle!repair 修理repair /mend /fix repair a watch mend shoes修表repair a bike修鞋 mend the road修車 修路，補路fix the watch 修理手表fix the air-co

32、nditioner 修理空調(diào)Special difficultiesexperience例 :Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences.Frank Hawkins 正在給我講他的人生閱歷。This job requires a lot of experience.這種工作需要有豐富的經(jīng)驗。He is an experienced worker 他是一個有經(jīng)驗的工人。save例： He saved money for years 他攢了很多年的錢。The young man dived into the river and saved the boy' s life.那位年輕人調(diào)入水中，救了那個男孩的性命。work/job例：It was his job to repair bicycles.I've just found a new job .我找到了一份新的工作。I' begin work on Monday .我從周一開始上班。選擇正確的詞填空：1. He is a very (experience) (experienced) doctor.2.