分子細(xì)胞與組織名詞英文

1、分子細(xì)胞與組織名詞-中英文-五年制259個(gè)（2015）中文英文第一章細(xì)胞 cell細(xì)胞生物學(xué)cell biology 原核細(xì)胞prokaryocyte真核細(xì)胞eukaryocyte第二章構(gòu)件分子 building block molecule等電點(diǎn)isoelectric pH，pI 肽鍵peptide bond 多肽polypeptide肽單元peptide unit構(gòu)象conformation蛋白質(zhì)的一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)primary structure of proteinDNA的一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)primary structure of DNA區(qū)室化compartmentalization第三章螺旋 heli

2、x片層 pleated sheet模體motif蛋白質(zhì)的三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)tertiary structure of protein結(jié)構(gòu)域domain蛋白質(zhì)的四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)quaternary structure of protein亞基subunit 分子病molecular disease別構(gòu)效應(yīng)allosteric effect第四章雙螺旋double helix 核小體nucleosome 端粒telemere基因gene 基因組genome操縱子operon外顯子exon 內(nèi)含子intron5'端帽子結(jié)構(gòu)5'cap structure3'端多聚腺苷酸尾巴3'poly(

3、A)-tail解鏈溫度melting temperature,Tm 增色效應(yīng)hyperchromic effect退火annealing雜交hybridization 變性denaturation復(fù)性renaturation 第五章常染色質(zhì)euchromatin核小體nucleosome非編碼RNAnon-coding RNA核被膜nuclear envelope核孔復(fù)合體nuclear pore complex, NPC核纖層nuclear lamina核仁nucleolus半保留復(fù)制 semiconservative replication基因表達(dá)gene expression轉(zhuǎn)錄tran

4、scription翻譯translation核仁組織者nucleolar organizer, NOR著絲粒centromere第六章細(xì)胞器organelle胞質(zhì)溶膠cytosol核糖體ribosome蛋白質(zhì)折疊protein folding蛋白質(zhì)糖基化 protein glycosylation內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)endoplasmic reticulum高爾基體Golgi apparatus第七章蛋白酶體proteosome泛素化ubiquitination吞噬作用phagocytosis溶酶體lysosome自體吞噬autophagy第八章線粒體mitochondrion質(zhì)子動(dòng)力勢(shì)proton-mot

5、ive force氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation基粒elementary particle電子傳遞鏈（呼吸鏈）electron transport chain(respiratory chain)第九章細(xì)胞骨架 cytoskeleton微管microtubule 微絲microfilament中間絲intermediate filament中心體centrosome微管組織中心microtubule organizing center, MTOC第十章質(zhì)膜 plasma membrane脂雙層 lipid bilayer膜脂membrane lipids整合膜蛋白

6、integral membrane protein轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體transporterNa-K泵sodium-potassium pump通道蛋白channel protein離子通道ion channel水通道water channel偶聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體 coupled transporter第十一章上皮 epithelium極性 polarity內(nèi)皮 endothelium間皮 mesothelium微絨毛 microvillus紋狀緣 striated border刷狀緣 brush border纖毛 cilia細(xì)胞衣 cell coat第十二章成纖維細(xì)胞 fibroblast纖維細(xì)胞 fibrocyt

7、e巨噬細(xì)胞 macrophage肥大細(xì)胞 mast cell漿細(xì)胞 plasma cell脂肪細(xì)胞 adipocyte膠原纖維collagenous fiber彈性纖維elastic fiber網(wǎng)狀纖維reticularis fiber軟骨 Cartilage軟骨細(xì)胞 Chondrocyte同源細(xì)胞群 Isogenous group透明軟骨 Hyaline cartilage彈性軟骨 Elastic cartilage纖維軟骨 Fibrocartilage骨組織 Osseous tissue骨基質(zhì) Bone matrix類骨質(zhì) Osteoid骨板 Bone lamella骨祖細(xì)胞 Osteop

8、rogenitor cell成骨細(xì)胞 Osteoblast骨細(xì)胞 Osteocyte破骨細(xì)胞 osteoclast骨單位 Osteon軟骨內(nèi)成骨endochondral ossification第十三章肌組織 Muscle tissue肌膜 Sarcolemma肌質(zhì) Sarcoplasm骨骼肌 Skeletal muscle心肌 Cardiac muscle平滑肌 Smooth muscle肌原纖維 Myofibril肌絲 Myofilament肌節(jié) Sarcomere橫小管 Transverse tubule肌質(zhì)網(wǎng) Sarcoplasmic reticulum縱小管 Longitudinal

9、 tubule終池 Terminal cisternae閏盤 Intercalated disk三聯(lián)體 Triad二聯(lián)體 diad第十四章神經(jīng)元 neuron神經(jīng)膠質(zhì) neuroglia細(xì)胞體 soma樹突 dendrite軸突 axon神經(jīng)遞質(zhì) neurotransmitter尼氏體 Nissl body神經(jīng)原纖維 neurofibril軸丘 axon hillock化學(xué)突觸 chemical synapse星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 astrocyte少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 oligodendrocyte小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 microglia室管膜細(xì)胞 ependymal cell施萬細(xì)胞 Schwann cell衛(wèi)星細(xì)

10、胞 satellite cell被囊細(xì)胞 capsular cell髓鞘 myelin sheath無髓神經(jīng)纖維 unmyelinated nerve fiber有髓神經(jīng)纖維 myelinated nerve fiber郎飛結(jié) Ranvier node結(jié)間體 internode游離神經(jīng)末梢 free nerve ending觸覺小體 tactile corpuscle環(huán)層小體 lamellar corpuscle肌梭 muscle spindle運(yùn)動(dòng)終板 motor end plate第十五章肝小葉 hepatic lobule肝血竇 hepatic sinusoid肝細(xì)胞 hepatocyt

11、e竇周隙perisinusoidal space膽小管bile canaliculus門管區(qū)portal area腎單位 nephron腎小體 renal corpuscle腎小管 renal tubule血管球 renal glomerulus足細(xì)胞podocyte濾過屏障/膜filtration barrier/membrane球旁復(fù)合體juxtaglomerular complex肺泡 pulmonary alveoli呼吸膜 respiratory Membrane腸絨毛intestinal villus小腸腺small intestinal gland黏膜mucosa黏膜下層subm

12、ucosa肌層muscularis外膜adventitia固有層lamina propia皺襞plica第十六章細(xì)胞連接 cell junction細(xì)胞黏附cell adhesion 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)extracellular matrix緊密連接tight junction橋粒desmosome間隙連接gap junction細(xì)胞黏附分子cell adhesion molecule鈣黏素cadherin 整合素integrin基膜basal lamina （basal membrane）膠原collagen第十七章蛋白質(zhì)分選protein sorting翻譯后轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)post-translationa

13、l translocation共翻譯轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) co-translational translocation門控運(yùn)輸 gated transport穿膜運(yùn)輸transmembrane transport小泡運(yùn)輸vesicular transport信號(hào)肽 signal peptide信號(hào)斑 signal patch 受調(diào)分泌途徑 regulated secretory pathway固有分泌途徑 constitutive secretory pathway受體介導(dǎo)的胞吞receptor-mediated endocytosis內(nèi)體endosome第十八章細(xì)胞通訊cell communication

14、細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) cell signaling膜受體membrane receptor核受體nuclear receptorG蛋白偶聯(lián)受體G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)受體酪氨酸激酶receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)小分子信使small messenger molecules分子開關(guān)molecular switch微小RNAmicroRNA(miRNA)基因調(diào)控蛋白gene regulatory protein第十九章膜電位membrane potential靜息電位resting potential去極化 depolarization

15、超極化hyperpolarization復(fù)極化 repolarization離子通道ion channels平衡電位equilibrium potential動(dòng)作電位action potential局部電流local current跳躍式傳導(dǎo) saltatory conduction閾電位threshold potential總和 summation興奮excitation興奮性excitability可興奮細(xì)胞excitable cells絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期absolute refractory period相對(duì)不應(yīng)期relative refractory period第二十章神經(jīng)肌肉接頭 neuromuscular junction終板電位end-plate potential興奮-收縮耦聯(lián) excitation-contraction coupling等長(zhǎng)收縮isometric contraction等張收縮 isotonic contraction單收縮single twitch強(qiáng)直收縮tetanus前負(fù)荷preload后負(fù)荷 after load收縮性（收縮能力） contractility第二十一章細(xì)胞增殖周期 cell cycle細(xì)胞周期檢查點(diǎn)